Metsi a Hloekisitsoeng le a Hloekisitsoeng ka mehla: Phapang ke efe?

Litaba

• Metsi a Hloekisitsoeng ke Eng?
• Melemo ea bophelo bo botle ba metsi a hloekisitsoeng
• Ho oa ho ka bang teng ha metsi a hloekisitsoeng
• Metsi a Sitsoeng ke Mofuta oa Metsi a Hloekisitsoeng
• Melemo ea Metsi a Sitsoeng
• Likotsi tse ka bang teng tsa Metsi a silafalitsoeng
• Na U Lokela ho Khetha Metsi a Hloekisitsoeng Ho Feta Metsi a Tlwaelehileng?
• Mokhoa oa ho hloekisa metsi a hau a nooang
• Ntlha ea Bohlokoa

Ho noa metsi ka mokhoa o nepahetseng ho bohlokoa molemong oa bophelo ba hau.

Sele e ngoe le e ngoe 'meleng oa hau e hloka metsi hore e sebetse hantle, ke ka hona o tlamehang ho tšela metsi letsatsi lohle.

Batho ba bangata ba tseba hore na ho noa metsi ho bohlokoa hakae, empa ba bang ba ferekanngoa ke mofuta oa metsi a nooang.

Sengoliloeng sena se etsa lipatlisiso ka phapang lipakeng tsa metsi a hloekisitsoeng, a sa tsoa tšeloa metsi le a kamehla ho fumana hore na ke efe eo e leng khetho e ntle ho feta ea metsi.

Metsi a Hloekisitsoeng ke Eng?

Metsi a hloekisitsoeng ke metsi a tlhotliloeng kapa a sebetsoang ho tlosa litšila tse kang lik'hemik'hale le litšila tse ling.

Hangata e hlahisoa ho sebelisoa metsi a ka tlasa lefatše kapa metsi a pompo.

Ka tlhoekiso, mefuta e mengata ea litšila ea tlosoa, ho kenyeletsoa ():

• Baktheria
• Algae
• Li-fungus
• Likokoana-hloko
• Lisebelisoa tse kang koporo le loto
• Lintho tse silafatsang lik'hemik'hale

Mekhoa e mengata e sebelisoa ho hloekisa metsi khoebong le ka lapeng.

Linaheng tse ngata tsa Bophirimela, metsi a nooang a sechaba a hloekisoa ho etsa hore metsi a bolokehe hore a ka sebelisoa ke batho.

Leha ho le joalo, litekanyetso tsa metsi a nooang lefats'eng ka bophara lia fapana 'me hangata li ipapisitse le melaoana ea mmuso kapa litekanyetso tsa machabeng.

Ebile, Mokhatlo oa Lefatše oa Bophelo o hakanya hore batho ba fetang limilione tse likete tse 2,1 ba haelloa ke metsi a nooang a hloekileng ().

Linaheng tse hloekisang metsi a nooang a sechaba, mekhoa e fapaneng ea kalafo e sebelisoa ho etsa hore metsi a bolokehe, ho kenyelletsa ():

• Coagulation le flocculation: Lik'hemik'hale tse nang le thepa e ntle li kenyelletsoa metsing ho tlamahanya le likaroloana tse lefelloeng hampe hore li tlhotloe. Sena se theha likaroloana tse kholo tse bitsoang floc.
• Litšisinyeho: Ka lebaka la boholo ba eona bo boholoanyane, floc e lula botebong ba phepelo ea metsi, e arohane le metsi a hloekileng.
• Karaoke set: Metsi a hloekileng ka holim'a phepelo a phalla ka har'a litsamaiso tse ngata tsa karafo e entsoeng ka lehlabathe, mashala le lehlohlojane. Sena se tlosa litšila tse kang lerōle, libaktheria, lik'hemik'hale le livaerase.
• Tšoaetso ea mafu: Nakong ea mohato ona, likokoana-hloko tsa lik'hemik'hale tse kang chlorine li kenyelletsoa metsing ho bolaea libaktheria kapa livaerase tse setseng tse ka beng li pholohile mehatong e 'maloa ea pele.

Ho bohlokoa ho hlokomela hore metsi a ka ts'oaroa ka tsela e fapaneng ho latela sebaka le boleng ba metsi a lehae.

Kakaretso: Metsi a hloekisitsoeng ke metsi a sebetsitsoeng ho tlosa litšila tse kang litšila le lik'hemik'hale. Linaheng tse ngata, metsi a pompo aa hloekisoa ho etsa hore a bolokehe hore a ka sebelisoa ke batho.

Melemo ea bophelo bo botle ba metsi a hloekisitsoeng

Ha metsi a pompo a bolokehile hore a ka nooa libakeng tse ngata, a kanna a ba le litšila tse silafatsang.

Mohlala, Setsi sa Ts'ireletso ea Tikoloho sa US (EPA) se beha meeli ea molao e nkoang e bolokehile bakeng sa bareki bakeng sa litšila tse fetang 90 metsing a nooang (4).

Leha ho le joalo, Molao oa ho Noa Metsi a Sireletsehileng o fa linaha ka bomong bokhoni ba ho laola litekanyetso tsa tsona tsa metsi a nooang, ha feela li fihlela litlhoko tse tlase tsa EPA bakeng sa litšila (5).

Sena se bolela hore linaha tse ling li na le melaoana e thata ea metsi a nooang ho feta tse ling.

Le ha ho nkuoa mehato ea ho netefatsa hore metsi a nooang a sechaba a bolokehile hore a ka sebelisoa, a ka ba le lintlha tse silafatsang tse ka amang bophelo bo botle hampe.

Mohlala, lirafshoa tse boima li etella pele 'me koporo e chefo haholo ho bophelo bo botle. Li ka baka khatello ea mpa le ho baka tšenyo ea boko ha e nooa ha nako e ntse e feta (,).

Lisebelisoa tsena tse boima li tsejoa hore li kena ka metsing a nooang, esita le linaheng tseo mehloli ea metsi ea sechaba e laoloang haufi-ufi ().

Ka ho sebelisa metlhotlo ea metsi ka tlung kapa ho noa metsi a libotlolo a hloekisitsoeng, metsi a nooang a feta boemong bo bong ba tlhoekiso e ka tlosang tšepe, lik'hemik'hale le litšila tse ling, ho latela mofuta oa mokhoa oa tlhoekiso o sebelisitsoeng.

Lits'ebetso tsa tlhoekiso ea metsi joalo ka li-filter tsa mashala li tlosa chlorine, e leng k'hemik'hale e tloaelehileng e ekelitsoeng phepelong ea metsi ea sechaba e le sebolaya-mafu.

Liphuputso tse 'maloa li hokahantse metsi a nang le chlorine le kotsi e eketsehang ea mofetše o itseng, ho kenyeletsoa mofetše oa colorectal (,).

Molemo o mong oa tlhoekiso ea metsi ke hore o tlosa litakatso tse sa thabiseng tse amanang le kalafo ea lik'hemik'hale, lintho tse entsoeng ka manyolo kapa lipompo tsa tšepe, li u siela metsi a nooang a hloekileng.

Kakaretso: Tlhoekiso ea metsi e tlosa litšila tse ka salang metsing a nooang le ho ntlafatsa boleng ba metsi le tatso.

Ho oa ho ka bang teng ha metsi a hloekisitsoeng

Le ha metsi a hloekisitsoeng a na le melemo e mengata ea bophelo bo botle, a na le mathata a mang a ka bang teng.

Mohlala, fluoride ke diminerale e ekelletsoang phepelong ea metsi a nooang ke sechaba linaheng tse ling ho ntlafatsa bophelo bo botle ba meno le ho fokotsa ho bola ha meno ().

Le ha tloaelo ena e lebisitse ho fokotseheng ha leino baneng, haholo libakeng tse kotsing, ba bang ba pheha khang ea hore metsi a fluoridated ha a tšoanelehe likotsi tse ka bang teng tsa bophelo bo botle tse amanang le ts'ebeliso ea ona.

Maemo a feteletseng a fluoride a ka ba chefo liseleng tsa boko le methapo, 'me ho pepeseha ha nako e telele maemong a phahameng a fluoride ho hokahantsoe le likhaello tsa ho ithuta, ho hopola le ho tseba ().

Leha ho le joalo, litsebi li pheha khang ea hore boemo ba fluoride bo fumanoang metsing a nooang bo bolokehile ebile bo molemo ho fokotsa ho bola ha leino, haholo ho bana ba pepesehileng feela ho fluoride ka metsi a nooang ().

Lipatlisiso mabapi le polokeho le matla a metsi a nang le fluoridated li ntse li tsoela pele, empa ba noang metsi a hloekisitsoeng ba lokela ho tseba hore litsamaiso tse ling tsa tlhoekiso li tlosa fluoride metsing a nooang.

Mathata a mang a metsi a hloekisitsoeng a kenyelletsa:

• Tlhokomelo: Mekhoa ea tlhoekiso ea metsi e tlameha ho bolokoa khafetsa. Haeba e sa hlokomeloe hantle, litšila li ka ipokella ka har'a likhoere tsa khale ebe li kena ka metsing a hau a nooang.
• E se ke ea tlosa litšila tse ling: Leha lits'ebetso tsa tlhoekiso ea metsi li tlosa litšila tse ngata, chefo e bolaeang likokonyana le lik'hemik'hale li ka lula metsing a hloekisitsoeng ho latela mofuta oa tlhoekiso e sebelisitsoeng.
• Litšenyehelo: Ka bobeli ho kenya sistimi e hloekisang metsi ka tlung le ho reka metsi a libotlolo a hloekisitsoeng ho ka bitsa chelete e ngata, ka litsamaiso tse ling li bitsa lidolara tse makholo.
• Litšila: Ho reka metsi a hloekisitsoeng ka libotlolong tsa polasetiki ho lebisa litšila tse ngata, joalo ka ho lahla li-filtha tse seng li sebelisitsoe litsing tsa tlhoekiso ea lapeng.

Kakaretso: Tlhoekiso ea metsi e kanna ea se ke ea tlosa litšila tsohle metsing a nooang, 'me litsamaiso tse ling tsa tlhoekiso li ka ba theko e boima' me tsa kenyelletsa ho e boloka. Mekhoa e meng ea tlhoekiso e tlosa fluoride, diminerale e ekelitsoeng metsing a nooang ho ntlafatsa bophelo bo botle ba meno.

Metsi a Sitsoeng ke Mofuta oa Metsi a Hloekisitsoeng

Metsi a silafalitsoeng a tsamaile ka mokhoa oa distillation ho tlosa litšila.

Distillation e kenyelletsa ho belisa metsi le ho bokella mouoane, o khutlelang metsing ha ho pholile.

Ts'ebetso ena e sebetsa hantle haholo ha ho tlosoa litšila tse kang libaktheria, livaerase, protozoa joalo ka giardia le lik'hemik'hale tse kang lead le sulfate (14).

Ka lebaka la hore metsi a silafalitsoeng a hloekile ka mokhoa o ikhethang, a sebelisoa hangata litsing tsa bongaka le lilaboratoring.

Le ha ho noa metsi a silafalitsoeng ho sa tloaeleha joalo ka ho noa mefuta e meng ea metsi a hloekisitsoeng, batho ba bang ba khetha ho a noa hobane a se na litšila.

Melemo ea Metsi a Sitsoeng

Distillation ea metsi ke mokhoa o atlehang oa ho tlosa litšila metsing a nooang.

Maemo a meriana e bolaeang likokonyana le lik'hemik'hale tse ling mehloling ea sechaba ea sechaba joalo ka metsi a pompo a tla itšetleha ka sebaka sa hau sa naha le li-agency tse laolang polokeho ea metsi a nooang naheng ea heno.

Metsi a silafalitsoeng ha a na litšila tse kang chefo e bolaeang likokonyana le libaktheria, tse ka thusang haholo ba nang le boits'ireletso ba mmele bo fokolang.

Mohlala, ba nang le HIV / AIDS le mefuta e meng ea mofetše ba kotsing e kholo ea ho kula ka lebaka la litšila lijong le metsing mme ba ka una molemo ka ho noa metsi a silafalitsoeng ().

Ho feta moo, joalo ka mekhoa e meng ea ho itlhoekisa, metsi a silafalitsoeng a tlosa chlorine hantle metsing a nooang, a ka ntlafatsang tatso ea metsi ha a ntse a fokotsa ho pepesehela ha hau chlorine.

Likotsi tse ka bang teng tsa Metsi a silafalitsoeng

Le ha metsi a silafalitsoeng e le mofuta oa metsi a hloekileng ka ho fetesisa, ha se hantle hore a phetse hantle.

Ts'ebetso ea distillation e sebetsa haholo ho tlosa litšila tse ka bang kotsi, empa e boetse e tlosa liminerale tsa tlhaho le li-electrolyte tse fumanoang metsing.

Hammoho le litšila tse sa batleheng, liminerale tse molemo tse kang calcium le magnesium le tsona lia sala morao ha mouoane o phahama nakong ea ts'ebetso ea distillation.

Ebile, distillation hangata e tlosa 99.9% ea liminerale tsohle tse fumanoang metsing a pompo (16).

Leha metsi a sa tloaeloe ho nkuoa e le mohloli oa liminerale, ntho efe kapa efe e lebisang phokotsong ea ho noa li-micronutrients tsa bohlokoa e ka ama bophelo ba hau hampe.

Mohlala, metsi a nooang a nang le khalsiamo e nyane le magnesium a amahanngoa le kotsi e eketsehileng ea ho robeha, tsoalo ea pele ho nako le lefu la pelo (,).

Leha ho le joalo, ho bohlokoa ho hlokomela hore metsi a pompo ha se mohloli o moholo oa phepelo ea liminerale ho batho ba bangata, 'me ho noa metsi a silafalitsoeng ho lokela ho bolokeha ha feela ho lateloa lijo tse nang le phepo e nepahetseng.

Joalo ka mekhoa e meng ea ho itlhoekisa, distillation e tlosa fluoride metsing a nooang, e ka behang ba khethang ho noa metsi a silafalitsoeng kotsing e kholo ea likoti.

Sena se etsa hore ho be bohlokoa ho ba noang metsi a silafalitsoeng ho boloka bohloeki bo loketseng ba meno.

Kakaretso: Metsi a silafalitsoeng ke mofuta oa metsi a hloekisitsoeng a hlileng a se nang litšila. Ts'ebetso ea distillation e tlosa fluoride le liminerale tsa tlhaho tse fumanoang metsing a nooang.

Na U Lokela ho Khetha Metsi a Hloekisitsoeng Ho Feta Metsi a Tlwaelehileng?

Maemong a mangata, mehloli ea metsi ea sechaba e nooang joalo ka metsi a pompo e bolokehile ka lebaka la meeli e thata e silafatsang e behiloeng ke mekhatlo ea taolo.

Leha ho le joalo, metsi a nooang a ka silafala ho tsoa mehloling ea tlhaho kapa mesebetsing ea batho, a ama boleng ba metsi (19).

Ka lebaka lena, e kanna ea ba mohopolo o motle ho tsetela ho sistimi ea tlhoekiso ea metsi ka tlung, haholo-holo ba se nang matla a ho itšireletsa 'me ba hlaseleha habonolo hore ba ka kula ka lebaka la metsi a silafetseng.

Linaheng tseo ho tsona tšilafalo ea metsi e leng bothata, haholo-holo linaheng tse tsoelang pele ka lebaka la khaello ea tsamaiso ea likhoerekhoere, ho khetha metsi a libotlolo kapa a hloekisitsoeng ke khetho e bolokehileng ka ho fetesisa.

Mefuta e mengata ea lits'ebetso tsa tlhoekiso ea fumaneha, ho kenyeletsoa mashala le lifilimi tsa UV, tse tlosang litšila tse ka pholohang ts'ebetsong ea pele, e kholo ea tlhoekiso eo metsi a mangata a pompo a fetang ho eona.

Ho boleloa hore, linaheng tseo metsi a nooang a sechaba a laoloang bakeng sa boleng le polokeho, metsi a pompo a nooang a batla a bolokehile.

Haeba u belaella boleng ba metsi a pompo ea hau, u ka leka metsi ka ho reka lisebelisoa tsa tlhatlhobo ea lehae kapa ikopanye le lefapha la tlhahlobo ea metsi sebakeng sa heno.

Kakaretso: Le ha metsi a nooang a bolokehile linaheng tseo metsi a nooang a laoloang, tlhoekiso ea metsi e kanna ea hlokahala libakeng tseo tšilafalo ea metsi e leng bothata.

Mokhoa oa ho hloekisa metsi a hau a nooang

Mehloli e mengata ea sechaba ea metsi a nooang e laoloa bakeng sa polokeho, empa batho ba bang ba khetha ho sebelisa lintho tse hloekisang metsi malapeng ho ntlafatsa boleng ba metsi.

Diyuniti tsa kalafo ea metsi tsa malapeng li ka ntlafatsa tatso kapa monko oa metsi a pompo le ho tlosa litšila tse itseng.

Mekhoa ea kalafo ea Point-of-use (POU) e hloekisa feela metsi a sebelisetsoang ho noa (ho nooa le ho pheha). Mekhoa ea kalafo ea point-of-entry (PUE) hangata e phekola metsi ohle a kenang ka tlung (20).

Litsamaiso tsa POU ha li theko e tlase kahoo li sebelisoa haholo malapeng.

Lits'ebetso tsena tsa ho sefa li hokela pompong kapa li lula ka tlasa sink hape li kena ka lipitsa tsa metsi tse sa lefelloeng tse nang le li-filtara tse hahelletsoeng kahare joalo ka sefahleho se tummeng sa metsi sa Brita.

Lihatsetsi tse ling le tsona li na le lits'ebetso tse hahelletsoeng tsa tlhoekiso ea metsi.

Mekhoa e mengata ea ho hloekisa metsi ka tlung e sebelisa mekhoa e latelang ea tlhoekiso ():

• Karaoke set: Sisteme ea karaoke e tšoasa litšila tse sa batleheng kaholimo kapa masoba a sesebelisoa se monyang. Mekhabiso ea mashala e oela sehlopheng sena.
• Phallo ea osmosis: Lits'ebetso tsena li sebelisa lera le senyehang le tlosang litšila.
• Leseli la UV: Lisebelisoa tsa UV light filtration li sebelisa khanya ea ultraviolet ho hlatsoa metsi ka ho bolaea libaktheria le likokoana-hloko tse ka bang kotsi.

Ho latela mofuta le mohlala, litheko li ka tloha ho $ 20 ho isa ho makholo a lidolara.

Ho sa tsotelehe o khetha mofuta oa mofuta ofe, etsa bonnete ba hore o batla lihlahisoa tse nang le setifikeiti ho tsoa mekhatlong ea taolo joalo ka American National Standards Institute (ANSI) le NSF International.

Mekhatlo ena e netefatsa hore lits'ebetso tsa tlhoekiso ea metsi malapeng li fihlela kapa li feta litekanyetso tsa naha tsa metsi a nooang (22).

Mekhoa ea ho hloekisa metsi malapeng e tlameha ho bolokoa hantle. Ka lebaka leo, ho bohlokoa ho latela likhothaletso tsa moetsi bakeng sa ho li boloka, ho kenyeletsoa le e nchafatsoa, ​​ho netefatsa hore metsi a hau a hloekisoa hantle.

Kakaretso: Ho na le mekhoa e mengata ea ho hloekisa metsi a hau a nooang, ho kenyeletsoa metlhotlo ea mashala, litsamaiso tsa khanya ea UV le sisteme ea osmosis.

Ntlha ea Bohlokoa

Ho fumana metsi a hloekileng a nooang ho bohlokoa bophelong.

Le ha mehloli e mengata ea metsi a nooang ea sechaba e laoloa haufi-ufi ebile e bolokehile ho nooa, ba bangata ba khetha ho noa metsi a hloekisitsoeng.

Metsi a hloekisitsoeng a batla a sireletsehile 'me a ka fokotsa ho pepesehela litšila tse itseng tse ka fumanoang metsing a pompo.

Hopola hore boleng ba metsi bo ka fapana ho latela hore na o lula kae. Sena e lokela ho ba lebaka le khethollang ha o khetha ho noa metsi a hloekisitsoeng kapa metsi a pompo.