Tsohle ka Mathata a Electrolyte

Litaba

• Matšoao a mathata a electrolyte
• Lisosa tsa mathata a electrolyte
• Mefuta ea mathata a electrolyte
• K'halsiamo
• Chloride
• Magnesiamo
• Phosphate
• Potasiamo
• Sodium
• Ho lemoha mathata a electrolyte
• Ho phekola mathata a electrolyte
• Maro a kenang ka hare (IV)
• Meriana e itseng ea IV
• Meriana ea molomo le litlatsetso
• Hemodialysis
• Lisosa tse kotsi tsa mathata a electrolyte
• Ho thibela mathata a electrolyte

Ho utloisisa mathata a electrolyte

Li-electrolyte ke likarolo le metsoako e hlahang ka tlhaho 'meleng. Li laola mesebetsi ea bohlokoa ea physiologic.

Mehlala ea li-electrolyte e kenyelletsa:

• khalsiamo
• chloride
• magnesium
• phosphate
• potasiamo
• sodium

Lintho tsena li teng maling a hao, maro a 'mele le morong. Li boetse li nooa ka lijo, lino le litlatsetso.

Bothata ba electrolyte bo hlaha ha maemo a li-electrolyte 'meleng oa hau a le holimo haholo kapa a le tlase haholo. Li-electrolyte li hloka ho bolokoa ka ho lekana hore 'mele oa hau o sebetse hantle. Ho seng joalo, litsamaiso tsa bohlokoa tsa 'mele li ka ameha.

Ho se leka-lekane ho matla ha electrolyte ho ka baka mathata a tebileng a kang ho akheha, ho oa le ho ts'oaroa ha pelo.

Matšoao a mathata a electrolyte

Mefuta e bonolo ea mathata a electrolyte e kanna ea se ke ea baka matšoao. Mathata a joalo a ka se hlokomelehe ho fihlela a sibolloa nakong ea tlhahlobo ea mali e tloaelehileng. Hangata matšoao a qala ho hlaha hang ha lefu le itseng le ba matla le ho feta.

Ha se ho se leka-lekane hohle ha elektrolyte ho bakang matšoao a tšoanang, empa ba bangata ba na le matšoao a tšoanang.

Matšoao a tloaelehileng a lefu la electrolyte a kenyelletsa:

• Ho otla ha pelo ka tsela e sa tloaelehang
• lebelo le otlang pelo
• mokgathala
• lethary
• ho tsitsinyeha kapa ho akheha
• ho nyekeloa ke pelo
• ho hlatsa
• lets'ollo kapa ho sokela
• ho kokomoha ka mpeng
• ho kgena hoa mesifa
• bofokoli ba mesifa
• ho teneha kapele
• pherekano
• ho tšoaroa ke hlooho
• ho felloa ke matla le ho hlohlona

Bitsa ngaka hang-hang haeba u e-na le matšoao ana 'me u belaella hore u ka ba le bothata ba electrolyte. Likhathatso tsa Electrolyte li ka beha bophelo ba motho kotsing haeba li sa alafatsoe.

Lisosa tsa mathata a electrolyte

Mathata a Electrolyte hangata a bakoa ke ho lahleheloa ke maro a 'mele ka ho hlatsa nako e telele, letshollo kapa ho fufuleloa. Li kanna tsa hlaha hape ka lebaka la tahlehelo ea mokelikeli e amanang le ho cha.

Meriana e meng le eona e ka baka mathata a electrolyte. Maemong a mang, mathata a bakoang ke mafu a kang a a hlobaetsang kapa a liphio a molato.

Lebaka le tobileng le ka fapana ho latela mofuta o itseng oa bothata ba electrolyte.

Mefuta ea mathata a electrolyte

Methati e phahameng ea elektrolyte e bontšoa ka sehlongoa-hlooho “hyper-.” Methati e felileng ea elektrolyte e bontšoa ka "boikaketsi."

Maemo a bakiloeng ke ho se leka-lekane ha boemo ba electrolyte a kenyelletsa:

• calcium: hypercalcemia le hypocalcemia
• chloride: hyperchloremia le hypochloremia
• magnesium: hypermagnesemia le hypomagnesemia
• phosphate: hyperphosphatemia kapa hypophosphatemia
• potasiamo: hyperkalemia le hypokalemia
• sodium: hypernatremia le hyponatremia

K'halsiamo

Calcium ke diminerale ea bohlokoa eo 'mele oa hau o e sebelisang ho tsitsisa khatello ea mali le ho laola masapo a mesifa. E boetse e sebelisetsoa ho haha ​​masapo le meno a matla.

Hypercalcemia e hlaha ha o na le calcium e ngata mading. Hangata hona ho bakoa ke:

• lefu la liphio
• mathata a qoqotho, ho kenyelletsa hyperparathyroidism
• mafu a matšoafo, a kang lefuba kapa sarcoidosis
• mefuta e meng ea mofets'e, ho kenyeletsoa le mofetše oa matsoele
• ts'ebeliso e fetelletseng ea li-antacids le calcium kapa vithamine D tse tlatselletsang
• meriana e kang lithium, theophylline, kapa lipilisi tse itseng tsa metsi

Hypocalcemia e hlaha ka lebaka la khaello ea calcium e lekaneng maling. Lisosa li ka kenyelletsa:

• ho hloleha ha liphio
• hypoparathyroidism
• khaello ea vithamine D
• ho fokola ha masapo
• Kankere ea senya
• malabsorption
• meriana e meng, ho kenyelletsa heparin, lefu la ho fokola ha masapo le lithethefatsi tsa antiepileptic

Chloride

Chloride ea hlokahala bakeng sa ho boloka botsitso bo nepahetseng ba maro a 'mele.

Hyperchloremia e etsahala ha ho na le chloride e ngata haholo 'meleng. E ka etsahala ka lebaka la:

• ho felloa ke metsi 'meleng haholo
• ho hloleha ha liphio
• dialysis

Hypochloremia e hlaha ha ho na le chloride e nyane haholo 'meleng. Hangata e bakoa ke mathata a sodium kapa potasiamo.

Lisosa tse ling li ka kenyelletsa:

• cystic fibrosis
• mathata a ho ja, a kang anorexia nervosa
• phepheng
• hloleha a liphio hloleha

Magnesiamo

Magnesium ke diminerale ea bohlokoa e laolang mesebetsi e mengata ea bohlokoa, joalo ka:

• ho honyela hoa mesifa
• morethetho oa pelo
• ts'ebetso ea methapo

Hypermagnesemia e bolela magnesium e ngata haholo. Boloetse bona bo ama batho ba nang le lefu la Addison le lefu la liphio qetellong.

Hypomagnesemia e bolela ho ba le magnesium e nyane haholo 'meleng. Lisosa tse tloaelehileng li kenyelletsa:

• bothata ba tšebeliso ea joala
• khaello ea phepo e nepahetseng
• malabsorption
• letšollo le sa foleng
• ho fufuleloa haholo
• ho hloleha ha pelo
• meriana e itseng, ho kenyelletsa diuretics le lithibela-mafu

Phosphate

Liphio, masapo le mala li sebetsa ho leka-lekanya maemo a phosphate 'meleng. Phosphate e hlokahala bakeng sa mesebetsi e fapaneng e fapaneng mme e sebelisana haufi le calcium.

Hyperphosphatemia e ka hlaha ka lebaka la:

• maemo a tlase a calcium
• lefu le sa foleng la liphio
• ho hema ka thata
• litšoelesa tse sa sebetseng tsa parathyroid
• kotsi e mpe ea mesifa
• tumor lysis syndrome, bothata ba kalafo ea mofets'e
• tšebeliso e feteletseng ea laxatives e nang le phosphate

Maemo a tlase a phosphate, kapa hypophosphatemia, a ka bonoa ho:

• tšebeliso e mpe ea joala
• ho chesa haholo
• tlala
• khaello ea vithamine D
• litšoelesa tse feteletseng tsa parathyroid
• meriana e meng, joalo ka kalafo ea tšepe ea methapo (IV), niacin (Niacor, Niaspan), le li-antacids tse ling

Potasiamo

Potassium e bohlokoa haholo bakeng sa taolo ea ts'ebetso ea pelo. E boetse e thusa ho boloka methapo le mesifa e phetseng hantle.

Hyperkalemia e ka hlaha ka lebaka la potasiamo e phahameng. Boemo bona bo ka bolaea haeba bo sa fumanoe bo sa alafshoa. Hangata e hlohlelletsoa ke:

• ho felloa ke metsi 'meleng haholo
• ho hloleha ha liphio
• acidosis e matla, ho kenyelletsa le lefu la tsoekere ketoacidosis
• meriana e itseng, ho kenyelletsa le meriana ea khatello ea mali le diuretics
• ho haella ha adrenal, ke ha maemo a hau a cortisol a le tlase haholo

Hypokalemia e etsahala ha maemo a potasiamo a le tlase haholo. Hangata hona ho etsahala ka lebaka la:

• mathata a ho ja
• ho hlatsa haholo kapa letshollo
• ho felloa ke metsi 'meleng
• meriana e meng, ho kenyelletsa litlhare, litlhare le li-corticosteroids

Sodium

Sodium e hlokahala bakeng sa 'mele ho boloka botsitso ba metsi mme e bohlokoa bakeng sa ts'ebetso e tloaelehileng ea' mele. E boetse e thusa ho laola tšebetso ea methapo le mesifa.

Hypernatremia e etsahala ha ho na le sodium e ngata haholo maling. Mefuta e phahameng ka mokhoa o sa tloaelehang ea sodium e ka bakoa ke:

• tšebeliso e sa lekaneng ea metsi
• ho felloa ke metsi 'meleng haholo
• tahlehelo e feteletseng ea maro a 'mele ka lebaka la ho hlatsa nako e telele, letshollo, ho fufuleloa kapa ho kula
• meriana e itseng, ho kenyelletsa le corticosteroids

Hyponatremia e hlaha ha ho na le sodium e nyane haholo. Lisosa tse tloaelehileng tsa maemo a tlase a sodium li kenyelletsa:

• tahlehelo e feteletseng ea mokelikeli letlalong ka lebaka la ho fufuleloa kapa ho chesoa
• ho hlatsa kapa letshollo
• phepo e nepahetseng
• bothata ba tšebeliso ea joala
• ho felloa ke metsi
• thyroid, hypothalamic, kapa mathata a adrenal
• Ho hloleha ha sebete, pelo kapa liphio
• meriana e itseng, ho kenyeletsoa le litlhare tsa 'mele le litlhare
• lefu la sephiri se sa lokelang sa li-antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)

Ho lemoha mathata a electrolyte

Teko e bonolo ea mali e ka lekanya maemo a li-electrolyte 'meleng oa hau. Teko ea mali e shebileng ts'ebetso ea liphio ea hau le eona e bohlokoa.

Ngaka ea hau e kanna ea batla ho etsa tlhahlobo ea 'mele kapa ea odara liteko tse eketsehileng ho netefatsa phumano e belaelloang ea electrolyte. Liteko tsena tse ling li tla fapana ho latela maemo ao ho buuoang ka ona.

Mohlala, hypernatremia (sodium e ngata haholo) e ka baka ho senyeha ha letlalo letlalong ka lebaka la ho felloa ke metsi 'meleng. Ngaka ea hau e ka etsa tlhahlobo ea pinch ho bona hore na ho felloa ke metsi hoa u ama.

Ba kanna ba leka liteko tsa hau, kaha maemo a eketsehang le a felileng a li-electrolyte tse ling a ka ama maikutlo.

Electrococardiogram (ECG kapa EKG), e ka batloang ke pelo ea hau ea motlakase, e kanna ea ba molemo ho lekola ho otloa ha pelo ho sa tloaelehang, morethetho, kapa liphetoho tsa ECG kapa EKG tse tlisoang ke mathata a elektrolyte.

Ho phekola mathata a electrolyte

Kalafo e fapana ho latela mofuta oa pherekano ea elektrolyte le boemo bo e bakang.

Ka kakaretso, kalafo tse ling li sebelisoa ho khutlisa botsitso bo nepahetseng ba liminerale 'meleng. Tsena li kenyelletsa:

Maro a kenang ka hare (IV)

Maro a kenang ka har'a methapo (IV), hangata e le chloride ea sodium, a ka thusa ho nchafatsa 'mele. Kalafo ena e sebelisoa khafetsa maemong a ho felloa ke metsi 'meleng ka lebaka la ho hlatsa kapa letshollo. Lisebelisoa tsa Electrolyte li ka eketsoa maro a IV ho lokisa bofokoli.

Meriana e itseng ea IV

Meriana ea IV e ka thusa 'mele oa hau ho khutlisa botsitso ba elektrolyte kapele. Li ka u sireletsa le litlamorao tse mpe ha u ntse u ts'oaroa ka mokhoa o mong.

Meriana eo u e fumanang e tla itšetleha ka bothata ba electrolyte boo u nang le bona. Meriana e ka fanoang e kenyelletsa calcium gluconate, magnesium chloride le potasiamo chloride.

Meriana ea molomo le litlatsetso

Meriana ea molomo le li-supplements hangata li sebelisoa ho lokisa ho sa tloaelehang ha liminerale 'meleng oa hau. Sena se atile haholo haeba o fumanoe o na le lefu le tsoelang pele la liphio.

Ho ipapisitse le bothata ba hau ba electrolyte, o ka fumana meriana kapa litlatsetso tse kang:

• calcium (gluconate, carbonate, citrate, kapa lactate
• magnesium oxide e
• potasiamo chloride
• Li-binders tsa phosphate, tse kenyeletsang sevelamer hydrochloride (Renagel), lanthanum (Fosrenol), le kalafo e thehiloeng khalsiamo joalo ka calcium carbonate

Li ka thusa ho khutlisa li-electrolyte tse felileng ka nako e khuts'oane kapa e telele, ho latela sesosa sa bothata ba hau. Hang ha ho se leka-lekane ho lokisitsoe, ngaka ea hau e tla sebetsana le sesosa.

Le ha litlatsetso tse ling li ka rekoa khaontareng, batho ba bangata ba nang le mathata a electrolyte ba fumana lengolo la ngaka bakeng sa litlatsetso ho tsoa ho ngaka ea bona.

Hemodialysis

Hemodialysis ke mofuta oa dialysis o sebelisang mochini ho tlosa litšila maling a hau.

Tsela e 'ngoe ea ho tsamaisa mali ho ea liphio tsena tsa maiketsetso ke hore ngaka ea hau e etse opereishene, kapa sebaka sa ho kena methapong ea hau ea mali.

Monyako ona o tla lumella mali a mangata ho phalla 'meleng oa hau nakong ea kalafo ea hemodialysis. Sena se bolela hore mali a mangata a ka tlhotliloeng mme a hloekisoa.

Hemodialysis e ka sebelisoa ha bothata ba electrolyte bo bakoa ke tšenyo ea liphio ka tšohanyetso mme kalafo tse ling ha li sebetse. Ngaka ea hau e kanna ea nka qeto ka kalafo ea hemodialysis haeba bothata ba electrolyte bo se bo beha bophelo kotsing.

Lisosa tse kotsi tsa mathata a electrolyte

Mang kapa mang a ka ba le bothata ba electrolyte. Batho ba bang ba kotsing e kholo ka lebaka la nalane ea bona ea bongaka. Maemo a eketsang kotsi ea lefu la electrolyte a kenyelletsa:

• bothata ba tšebeliso ea joala
• ho thatafala ha sebete
• congestive pelo hloleha
• lefu la liphio
• mathata a ho ja, a kang anorexia le bulimia
• ho sithabela maikutlo, joalo ka ho cha hampe kapa masapo a robehileng
• mathata a qoqotho
• mathata a tšoelesa ea adrenal

Ho thibela mathata a electrolyte

Latela keletso ena ho thusa ho thibela mathata a electrolyte:

• lula u le metsi haeba u e-na le ho hlatsa nako e telele, letshollo kapa mofufutso
• etela ngaka ea hau haeba u e-na le matšoao a tloaelehileng a lefu la electrolyte

Haeba bothata ba electrolyte bo bakoa ke meriana kapa maemo a itseng, ngaka ea hau e tla fetola meriana ea hau le ho sebetsana le sesosa. Sena se tla thusa ho thibela ho se leka-lekane ha li-electrolyte nakong e tlang.