Phekolo ea mahlaseli a sefuba a 'mele - sefate se ka ntle

Kalafo ea mahlaseli a matsoele e sebelisang matla a phahameng ho bolaea lisele tsa mofetše oa matsoele. E boetse e bitsoa mahlaseli a matsoele a potlakileng (APBI).

Mokhoa o tloaelehileng oa kalafo ea sefuba sa kantle o nka libeke tse 3 ho isa ho tse 6. APBI e ka etsoa ka nako e ka etsang libeke tse 1 ho isa ho tse 2. APBI e shebile leqhubu le phahameng la radiation feela haufi kapa haufi le sebaka seo hlahala ea matsoele e tlositsoeng ho sona. E qoba ho pepesetsa mahlaseli a haufi le mahlaseli a kotsi.

Ho na le mekhoa e meraro e tloaelehileng ea APBI:

• Mahlaseli a kantle, sehlooho sa sengoloa sena
• Brachytherapy (ho kenya mehloli ea mahlaseli a kotsi ka har'a sefuba)
• Mahlaseli a kenang ts'ebetsong (ho fana ka mahlaseli ka nako ea ho buuoa ka kamoreng ea ts'ebetso)

Kalafo ya radiation hangata e fetisetsoa kantle ho mokuli, ntle le kalafo ea radiation ea intraoperative.

Ho sebelisoa mekhoa e 'meli e tloaelehileng bakeng sa kalafo ea mahlaseli a kantle a sefuba a matsoele:

• Mahlaseli a mararo a marang-rang a kantle a mararo (3DCRT)
• Phekolo ea radiation e matla haholo (IMRT)

Pele o fumana kalafo ea radiation, o tla kopana le oncologist ea radiation. Motho enoa ke ngaka e sebetsanang le kalafo ea radiation.

• Ngaka e tla beha mabala a manyane letlalong la hao. Matšoao ana a netefatsa hore u maemong a nepahetseng nakong ea kalafo ea hau.
• Matšoao ana e tla ba matšoao a enke kapa tattoo e sa feleng. Se ke oa hlatsoa matšoao a enke ho fihlela kalafo ea hau e fela. Li tla fela ha nako e ntse e tsamaea.

Kalafo hangata e fuoa matsatsi a 5 ka beke kae kapa kae ho tloha libeke tse 2 ho isa ho tse 6. Ka linako tse ling e ka fuoa habeli ka letsatsi (hangata ho ba le lihora tse 4 ho isa ho tse 6 lipakeng tsa mananeo).

• Nakong e ngoe le e ngoe ea kalafo o tla robala tafoleng e ikhethileng, ekaba mokokotlong kapa mpeng.
• Litheknishiene li tla u beha maemong hore mahlaseli a hlasele sebaka sa kalafo.
• U ka kopuoa ho ts'oara moea ha mahlaseli a ntse a tsamaisoa. Sena se thusa ho lekanyetsa hore na pelo ea hau e amohela radiation e kae.
• Hangata, o tla fumana kalafo ea radiation mahareng a metsotso e 1 ho isa ho e 5. U tla kena le ho tsoa setsing sa mofets'e nakong ea metsotso e 15 ho isa ho e 20 ka karolelano.

Kholiseha hore ha u na mahlaseli a kotsi ka mor'a liphekolo tsena tsa mahlaseli. Ho bolokehile ho ba har'a batho ba bang, ho kenyeletsoa masea le bana.

Litsebi li ithutile hore mefuta e meng ea mofetše e kanna ea khutla haufi le sebaka sa pele sa ho buoa. Ka hona, maemong a mang, letsoele lohle le kanna la se hloke ho amohela radiation. Ho hlaseloa ha matsoele ka nakoana ho phekola matsoele a mang feela empa eseng kaofela, ho shebile sebaka seo mofets'e o ka khutlelang ho sona haholo.

Mahlaseli ana a sefuba a potlakileng a potlakisa tšebetso.

APBI e sebelisetsoa ho thibela mofetše oa matsoele ho khutla. Ha kalafo ea radiation e fanoa kamora ho etsa opereishene e bolokang matsoele, e bitsoa adjuvant (tlatsetso) kalafo ea radiation.

APBI e ka fuoa kamora lumpectomy kapa karoloana ea mastectomy (e bitsoang opereishene e bolokang matsoele) bakeng sa:

• Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS)
• Kankere ea matsoele ea Stage I kapa II

Bolella mofani oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo hore na u noa meriana efe.

Apara liaparo tse u tlamang tse u loketseng.

Phekolo ea radiation e ka senya kapa ea bolaea lisele tse phetseng hantle. Lefu la lisele tse phetseng hantle le ka lebisa litlamorao. Litla-morao tsena li ipapisitse le tekanyetso ea radiation le hore na o na le kalafo hangata hakae. Mahlaseli a kotsi a ka ba le litla-morao tsa nakoana (tse hlobaetsang) kapa tsa nako e telele (hamorao).

Litla-morao tsa nakoana li ka qala pele ho matsatsi kapa libeke kamora hore kalafo e qale. Boholo ba litla-morao tsa mofuta ona lia fela nakong ea libeke tse 4 ho isa ho tse 6 kamora hore kalafo e fele. Liphello tse tloaelehileng tsa nako e khuts'oane li kenyelletsa:

• Bofubelu ba matsoele, bonolo, kutloisiso
• Ho ruruha ha matsoele kapa edema
• Tšoaetso ea matsoele (seoelo)

Litla-morao tsa nako e telele li ka qala likhoeli kapa lilemo kamora kalafo mme li ka kenyelletsa:

• Ho fokotsa boholo ba matsoele
• Ho tiea ho eketsehileng ha letsoele
• Bofubelu ba letlalo le ho soeufala
• Maemong a sa tloaelehang, ho robeha ha likhopo, mathata a pelo (mohlomong bakeng sa mahlaseli a matsoele a letšehali), kapa ho ruruha ha matšoafo (ho bitsoang pneumonitis) kapa lisele tse bohale tse amang ho hema.
• Nts'etsopele ea mofets'e oa bobeli nakong ea sefuba kapa sefuba kapa lilemo tse mashome hamorao
• Ho ruruha ha letsoho (edema) - ho atile haholo haeba li-lymph node li ile tsa tlosoa ka bongaka mme ha sebaka sa mokokotlo se phekoloa ka radiation

Bafani ba hau ba tla hlalosa tlhokomelo ea lapeng nakong ea kalafo ea radiation.

Mahlaseli a sefuba a matsoele a latelang kalafo ea paballo ea matsoele a fokotsa kotsi ea mofets'e ho khutla, mme mohlomong le lefu le bolailoeng ke mofetše oa matsoele.

Carcinoma ea sefuba - leeme kalafo ea radiation; Mahlaseli a marang-rang a kantle - sefuba; Phekolo ea radiation e matla haholo - mofetše oa matsoele; IMRT - kankere ea matsoele WBRT; Sefuba se nang le phaello - IMRT; APBI - IMRT; Matsapa a potlakileng a sefuba a sefuba - IMRT; Mahlaseli a marang-rang a kantle - sefuba

Webosaete ea National Cancer Institute. Kalafo ea mofetše oa matsoele (motho e moholo) (PDQ) - mofuta oa litsebi tsa bophelo bo botle. www.cancer.gov/types/breast/hp/tsoalo-lebakeng-pdq. E ntlafalitsoe ka la 11 Hlakola 2021. E fihlile ka la 11 Hlakubele 2021.

Webosaete ea National Cancer Institute. Phekolo ea radiation le uena: ts'ehetso bakeng sa batho ba nang le mofetše. www.cancer.gov/publications/patient-education/radiationttherapy.pdf. E ntlafalitsoe ka Mphalane 2016. E fihlile ka la 5 Mphalane 2020.

Shah C, Harris EE, Holmes D, Vicini FA. Lehlaseli la matsoele le arohaneng: le potlakisitse ebile le sebetsa. Ka: Bland KI, Copeland EM, Klimberg VS, Gradishar WJ, bahlophisi. Sefuba: Tsamaiso e felletseng ea Mafu a Benign le a Kotsi. La 5th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: khaolo ea 51.