Litšebeletso tsa pelo le methapo

Tsamaiso ea 'mele ea pelo, kapa methapo ea mali, e entsoe ka pelo, mali, le methapo ea mali (methapo le methapo).

Litšebeletso tsa pelo le methapo li bua ka lekala la bongaka le shebaneng le sistimi ea pelo le methapo.

Mosebetsi o ka sehloohong oa pelo ke ho pompa mali a nang le oksijene 'meleng ka mor'a hore a pompa mali a se nang oksijene matšoafong. E etsa sena makhetlo a 60 ho isa ho a 100 ka motsotso, lihora tse 24 ka letsatsi.

Pelo e entsoe ka likamore tse 'ne:

• Atrium e nepahetseng e amohela mali a hlokang oksijene 'meleng. Mali ao a phallela ka har'a ventricle e nepahetseng, e a pomang ho ea matšoafong.
• Atrium ea leqeleng e amohela mali a nang le oksijene a mangata matšoafong. Ho tloha moo, mali a phallela ka har'a ventricle ea leqele, e pomang mali ho tsoa pelong ho ea 'meleng o mong kaofela.

Hammoho, methapo le methapong li bitsoa tsamaiso ea methapo. Ka kakaretso, methapo ea mali e tlosa mali ho tloha pelong 'me methapong e khutlisetsa mali pelong.

Sisteme ea methapo ea pelo e tlisa oksijene, limatlafatsi, lihormone le lintho tse ling tsa bohlokoa lisele le litho tsa mmele. E bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho thuseng 'mele ho fihlela litlhoko tsa ts'ebetso, boikoetliso le khatello ea maikutlo. E boetse e thusa ho boloka mocheso oa 'mele, hara lintho tse ling.

LEKHOTLA LA CARDIOVASCULAR

Meriana ea pelo le methapo e bua ka lekala la tlhokomelo ea bophelo le ikhethang kalafong ea mafu kapa maemo a sebetsanang le pelo le methapo ea methapo.

Mathata a tloaelehileng a kenyelletsa:

• Mpeng aortic aneurysm
• Bokooa ba pelo ea tlhaho
• Lefu la methapo ea mali, ho kenyelletsa angina le lefu la pelo
• Ho hloleha ha pelo
• Mathata a li-valve tsa pelo
• Khatello ea mali e phahameng le cholesterol e phahameng
• Lipelo tse sa tloaelehang tsa pelo (arrhythmias)
• Boloetse ba methapo ea kutlo (PAD)
• Leqeba

Lingaka tse amehang kalafong ea mafu a ho potoloha ha mali kapa a methapo li kenyelletsa:

• Lingaka tsa pelo - Lingaka tse fumaneng koetliso e eketsehileng ho phekoleng mathata a pelo le methapo
• Lingaka tse buoang tsa Vascular - Lingaka tse fumaneng koetliso e eketsehileng ho buuoeng ka sejana sa mali
• Lingaka tse buoang tsa pelo - Lingaka tse fumaneng koetliso e eketsehileng ho liopereishene tse amanang le pelo
• Lingaka tsa tlhokomelo ea mantlha

Bafani ba bang ba tlhokomelo ea bophelo bo botle ba amehang kalafong ea mafu a ho potoloha ha mali kapa methapo ba kenyelletsa:

• Basebetsi ba baoki (NPs) kapa bathusi ba lingaka (PAs), ba tsepamisang maikutlo ho mafu a pelo le a methapo
• Litsebi tsa phepo e nepahetseng kapa litsebi tsa phepo
• Baoki ba fumanang koetliso e khethehileng taolong ea bakuli ba nang le mathata ana

Ho nahana ka liteko tse ka etsoang ho fumana, ho lekola kapa ho phekola maloetse a tsamaiso ea mali le methapo ho kenyelletsa:

• CT ea pelo
• MRI ea pelo
• Angiography ea Coronary
• CT angiography (CTA) le magnetic resonance angiography (MRA)
• Echocardiogram
• PET e hlahloba pelo
• Liteko tsa khatello ea maikutlo (mefuta e mengata e fapaneng ea liteko tsa khatello ea maikutlo e teng)
• Vascular ultrasound, e kang carotid ultrasound
• Venous ultrasound ea matsoho le maoto

LITLHAHLOBO LE LITENYETSO

Mekhoa e fokolang e ka etsoa ho hlahloba, ho lekola kapa ho alafa mafu a pelo le methapo ea methapo.

Boholo ba mefuta ena ea lits'ebetso, catheter e kenngoa ka letlalo ka har'a sejana se seholo sa mali. Maemong a mangata, lits'ebetso tse joalo ha li hloke ho thethebatsoa ka kakaretso. Hangata bakuli ha ba hloke ho robala sepetlele bosiu bo le bong. Ba fola ka matsatsi a 1 ho isa ho a 3 mme hangata ba ka khutlela mesebetsing ea bona e tloaelehileng pele ho beke.

Mekhoa e joalo e kenyelletsa:

• Phekolo ea ablation ea ho phekola li-arrhythmias tsa pelo
• Angiogram (ho sebelisa x-rays le dae e fapaneng ea ente ho lekola methapo ea mali)
• Angioplasty (ho sebelisa balune e nyane ho bula ho fokotseha ka sejaneng sa mali) ka kapa ntle le ho beoa ka matla
• Catheterization ea pelo (khatello ea khatello kahare le ho potoloha pelo)

Ho ka etsoa opereishene ea pelo ho alafa mathata a itseng a pelo kapa methapo ea mali. Sena se ka kenyelletsa:

• Ho kenyelletsa pelo
• Ho kenya li-pacemaker kapa li-defibrillator
• Ho buuoa ka methapo ea pelo e bulehileng le e nyane haholo
• Ho lokisa kapa ho nchafatsa li-valve tsa pelo
• Kalafo ea ho buoa ea liphoso tsa pelo ea tlhaho

Ho buuoa ka li-vascular ho bolela mekhoa ea ho buoa e sebelisetsoang ho phekola kapa ho hlahloba mathata ka har'a methapo ea mali, e kang ho koala kapa ho phatloha. Mekhoa e joalo e kenyelletsa:

• Li-graft tse fetang tseleng
• Lithuto tsa morao-rao
• Ho lokisa li-aneurysms (likarolo tse atolositsoeng / tse atolositsoeng) tsa aorta le makala a eona

Mekhoa e ka sebelisoa ho phekola methapo e fanang ka boko, liphio, mala, matsoho le maoto.

TIRELETSO EA CARDIOVASCULAR LE PUSELETSO

Ntlafatso ea pelo ke kalafo e sebelisetsoang ho thibela lefu la pelo hore le se ke la mpefala. Hangata ho khothaletsoa kamora liketsahalo tse kholo tse amanang le pelo joalo ka lefu la pelo kapa opereishene ea pelo. E ka kenyelletsa:

• Liteko tsa likotsi tsa pelo
• Litlhahlobo tsa bophelo bo botle le litlhahlobo tsa bophelo bo botle
• Tlhabollo ea phepo e nepahetseng le bophelo ka bophelo, ho kenyelletsa ho khaotsa ho tsuba le thuto ea lefu la tsoekere
• Boikoetliso bo behiloeng leihlo

Tsamaiso ea potoloho ea mali; Tsamaiso ea methapo; Tsamaiso ea pelo

Tsamaea MR, Starr JE, Satiani B. Nts'etsopele le ts'ebetso ea litsi tse ngata tse ikhethang tsa pelo le methapo. Ka: Sidawy AN, Perler BA, bahlophisi. Rutherford's Vasculry and Endovascular Therapy. La 9th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: khaolo ea 197.

Mills NL, Japp AG, Robson J. Sisteme ea pelo. Ho: Innes JA, Dover A, Fairhurst K, bahlophisi. Tlhatlhobo ea Kliniki ea Macleod. La bo14 la ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone; 2018: khaolo ea 4.