Mefuta ea kalafo ea kalafo

Mefuta ea kalafo ea kalafo ke liteko tsa lab ho sheba bongata ba sethethefatsi se maling.

Ho hlokahala sampole ea mali. Boholo ba nako mali a huloa mothapong o kahare ho setsoe kapa morao letsohong.

U tla hloka ho itokisetsa liteko tse ling tsa boemo ba lithethefatsi.

• Mofani oa hao oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo o tla u joetsa haeba u hloka ho fetola linako tseo u noang meriana efe kapa efe ea hau.
• O SE KE WA emisa kapa oa fetola meriana ea hau ntle le ho bua le mofani oa hau pele.

U ka utloa bohloko bo bonyenyane kapa motsu ha nale e kentsoe. U kanna oa utloa ho phatloha hampe setšeng kamora hore mali a huloe.

Ka meriana e mengata, o hloka boemo bo itseng ba moriana maling a hau ho fumana tšebetso e nepahetseng. Meriana e meng e kotsi haeba boemo bo phahame haholo 'me ha bo sebetse ha maemo a le tlase haholo.

Ho lekola palo ea sethethefatsi se fumanoang maling a hau ho lumella mofani oa hau ho etsa bonnete ba hore litekanyetso tsa lithethefatsi li maemong a nepahetseng.

Tlhahlobo ea boemo ba lithethefatsi e bohlokoa ho batho ba sebelisang lithethefatsi tse kang:

• Flecainide, procainamide kapa digoxin, tse sebelisetsoang ho phekola ho otloa ho sa tloaelehang ha pelo
• Lithium, e neng e sebelisoa ho phekola lefu la ho ferekana kelellong
• Phenytoin kapa asiti ea valproic, e sebelisetsoang ho alafa sethoathoa
• Gentamicin kapa amikacin, e leng lithibela-mafu tse sebelisetsoang ho alafa mafu

Ho etsa liteko ho ka etsoa hape ho fumana hore na 'mele oa hau o theola sethethefatsi joang kapa hore na o sebelisana joang le lithethefatsi tse ling tseo o li hlokang.

Tse latelang ke tse ling tsa lithethefatsi tse atisang ho hlahlojoa le maemo a tloaelehileng a sepheo:

• Acetaminophen: e fapana ka ts'ebeliso
• Amikacin: 15 ho isa ho 25 mcg / mL (25.62 ho 42.70 micromol / L)
• Amitriptyline: 120 ho isa ho 150 ng / mL (432.60 ho 540.75 nmol / L)
• Carbamazepine: 5 ho isa ho 12 mcg / mL (21.16 ho 50.80 micromol / L)
• Cyclosporine: 100 ho isa ho 400 ng / mL (83.20 ho ea 332.80 nmol / L) (lihora tse 12 kamora 'tekanyetso)
• Desipramine: 150 ho isa ho 300 ng / mL (563.10 ho 1126.20 nmol / L)
• Digoxin: 0.8 ho ea ho 2.0 ng / mL (1.02 ho ea ho 2.56 nanomol / L)
• Disopyramide: 2 ho isa ho 5 mcg / mL (5.89 ho isa ho 14.73 micromol / L)
• Ethosuximide: 40 ho isa ho 100 mcg / mL (283.36 ho 708.40 micromol / L)
• Flecainide: 0.2 ho 1.0 mcg / mL (0.5 ho ea ho 2.4 micromol / L)
• Gentamicin: 5 ho isa ho 10 mcg / mL (10.45 ho isa ho 20.90 micromol / L)
• Imipramine: 150 ho isa ho 300 ng / mL (534.90 ho 1069.80 nmol / L)
• Kanamycin: 20 ho isa ho 25 mcg / mL (41.60 ho 52.00 micromol / L)
• Lidocaine: 1.5 ho isa ho 5.0 mcg / mL (6.40 ho 21.34 micromol / L)
• Lithium: 0.8 ho 1.2 mEq / L (0.8 ho 1.2 mmol / L)
• Methotrexate: e fapana le ts'ebeliso
• Nortriptyline: 50 ho isa ho 150 ng / mL (189.85 ho 569.55 nmol / L)
• Phenobarbital: 10 ho isa ho 30 mcg / mL (43.10 ho 129.30 micromol / L)
• Phenytoin: 10 ho isa ho 20 mcg / mL (39.68 ho ea ho 79.36 micromol / L)
• Primidone: 5 ho isa ho 12 mcg / mL (22.91 ho 54.98 micromol / L)
• Procainamide: 4 ho isa ho 10 mcg / mL (17.00 ho isa ho 42.50 micromol / L)
• Quinidine: 2 ho isa ho 5 mcg / mL (6.16 ho 15.41 micromol / L)
• Salicylate: e fapana ka ts'ebeliso
• Sirolimus: 4 ho isa ho 20 ng / mL (4 ho isa ho 22 nmol / L) (lihora tse 12 kamora 'tekanyetso; e fapana ka ts'ebeliso)
• Tacrolimus: 5 ho isa ho 15 ng / mL (4 ho isa ho 25 nmol / L) (lihora tse 12 kamora 'tekanyetso)
• Theophylline: 10 ho isa ho 20 mcg / mL (55.50 ho ea ho 111.00 micromol / L)
• Tobramycin: 5 ho isa ho 10 mcg / mL (10.69 ho isa ho 21.39 micromol / L)
• Valproic acid: 50 ho isa ho 100 mcg / mL (346.70 ho 693.40 micromol / L)

Mekhahlelo e tloaelehileng ea boleng e ka fapana hanyane hara lilaboratori tse fapaneng. Bua le mofani oa hau ka moelelo oa sephetho sa hau sa liteko.

Mehlala e kaholimo e bonts'a litekanyo tse tloaelehileng bakeng sa liphetho bakeng sa liteko tsena. Li laboratori tse ling li sebelisa litekanyo tse fapaneng kapa li ka leka mefuta e fapaneng.

Litekanyetso tse kantle ho sebaka se lebisitsoeng li ka bakoa ke liphetoho tse nyane kapa ea ba sesupo sa hore o hloka ho fetola litekanyetso tsa hau. Mofani oa hau a ka 'na au bolella hore u tlōle tekanyo haeba litekanyetso tse lekantsoeng li phahame haholo.

Tse latelang ke litekanyetso tsa chefo bakeng sa lithethefatsi tse ling tse atisang ho hlahlojoa:

• Acetaminophen: e kholo ho feta 250 mcg / mL (1653.50 micromol / L)
• Amikacin: e kholo ho feta 25 mcg / mL (42.70 micromol / L)
• Amitriptyline: e kholo ho feta 500 ng / mL (1802.50 nmol / L)
• Carbamazepine: e kholo ho feta 12 mcg / mL (50.80 micromol / L)
• Cyclosporine: e kholo ho feta 400 ng / mL (332.80 micromol / L)
• Desipramine: e kholo ho feta 500 ng / mL (1877.00 nmol / L)
• Digoxin: e kholo ho feta 2.4 ng / mL (3.07 nmol / L)
• Disopyramide: e kholo ho feta 5 mcg / mL (14.73 micromol / L)
• Ethosuximide: e kholo ho feta 100 mcg / mL (708.40 micromol / L)
• Flecainide: e kholo ho feta 1.0 mcg / mL (2.4 micromol / L)
• Gentamicin: e kholo ho feta 12 mcg / mL (25.08 micromol / L)
• Imipramine: e kholo ho feta 500 ng / mL (1783.00 nmol / L)
• Kanamycin: e kholo ho feta 35 mcg / mL (72.80 micromol / L)
• Lidocaine: e kholo ho feta 5 mcg / mL (21.34 micromol / L)
• Lithium: e kholo ho feta 2.0 mEq / L (2.00 millimol / L)
• Methotrexate: e kholo ho feta 10 mcmol / L (10,000 nmol / L) ho feta lihora tse 24
• Nortriptyline: e kholo ho feta 500 ng / mL (1898.50 nmol / L)
• Phenobarbital: e kholo ho feta 40 mcg / mL (172.40 micromol / L)
• Phenytoin: e kholo ho feta 30 mcg / mL (119.04 micromol / L)
• Primidone: e kholo ho feta 15 mcg / mL (68.73 micromol / L)
• Procainamide: e kholo ho feta 16 mcg / mL (68.00 micromol / L)
• Quinidine: e kholo ho feta 10 mcg / mL (30.82 micromol / L)
• Salicylate: e kholo ho feta 300 mcg / mL (2172.00 micromol / L)
• Theophylline: e kholo ho feta 20 mcg / mL (111.00 micromol / L)
• Tobramycin: e kholo ho feta 12 mcg / mL (25.67 micromol / L)
• Valproic acid: e kholo ho feta 100 mcg / mL (693.40 micromol / L)

Tlhokomelo ea lithethefatsi ea kalafo

• Teko ea mali

Clarke W. Kakaretso ea tlhokomelo ea lithethefatsi ea kalafo. Ka: Clarke W, Dasgupta A, bahlophisi. Liphephetso tsa kalafo kalafong ea kalafo ea lithethefatsi. Cambridge, MA: Elsevier; 2016: khaolo ea 1.

Diasio RB. Melao-motheo ea kalafo ea lithethefatsi. Ka: Goldman L, Schafer AI, li-eds. Phekolo ea Goldman-Cecil. La 25th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: khaolo ea 29.

Nelson LS, Ford MD. Chefo e bohloko. Ka: Goldman L, Schafer AI, li-eds. Phekolo ea Goldman-Cecil. La 25th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: khaolo ea 110.

Pincus MR, Bluth MH, Abraham NZ. Toxicology le tlhokomelo ea lithethefatsi ea kalafo. Ka: McPherson RA, Pincus MR, bahlophisi. Henry's Clinical Diagnosis le Tsamaiso ka Mekhoa ea Laboraro. La bo23 la ed. St Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2017: khaolo ea 23.