Tataiso ea baeti mabapi le ho qoba mafu a tšoaetsanoang

U ka lula u phetse hantle nakong ea maeto ka ho nka mehato e nepahetseng ho itšireletsa pele u ea. U ka etsa lintho ho thusa ho thibela mafu ha u ntse u le leetong. Boholo ba tšoaetso eo u e fumanang ha u le leetong ha e na thuso. Maemong a sa tloaelehang, leha ho le joalo, a ka ba matla, kapa a bolaea.

Maloetse a fapana libakeng tse fapaneng lefats'eng. O tla hloka ho nka mehato e fapaneng ea ts'ireletso, ho latela hore na o ea kae. Lintho tse latelang li lokela ho tsotelloa:

• Likokoanyana le likokoana-hloko
• Tlelaemete ea lehae
• Bohloeki

Mehloli ea sechaba e molemohali ea tlhaiso-leseling ea maeto e nakong ke:

• Litsi tsa Tlhokomelo le Thibelo ea Mafu (CDC) - www.cdc.gov/travel
• Mokhatlo oa Lefatše oa Bophelo (WHO) - www.who.int/ith/en

PELE MAETO

Bua le mofani oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo kapa etela tleliniki ea maeto libeke tse 4 ho isa ho tse 6 pele u ea leetong la hau. U kanna ua hloka liente tse 'maloa. Tse ling tsa tsona li hloka nako ea ho sebetsa.

Hape o kanna oa hloka ho ntlafatsa liente tsa hau. Mohlala, o kanna oa hloka liente tsa "booster" bakeng sa:

• Diphtheria, tetanus le pertussis (Tdap)
• Mokakallane (ntaramane)
• Maselese - mumps - rubella (MMR)
• Pholio

Hape o kanna oa hloka liente tsa mafu tse sa fumaneheng hangata Amerika Leboea. Mehlala ea liente tse khothalletsoang li kenyelletsa:

• Hepatitis A
• Hepatitis B
• Meningococcal
• Leholiotsoana

Linaha tse ling li hloka liente. U kanna ua hloka bopaki ba hore u na le ente ena molemong oa ho kena naheng.

• Ho entoa ha yellow fever ho hlokahala ho kena linaheng tse ling tsa Sub-Saharan, Central Africa le Amerika Boroa.
• Ho thibela ente ea Meningococcal ho hlokahala ho kena Saudi Arabia bakeng sa leeto la Hajj.
• Bakeng sa lenane le felletseng la litlhoko tsa naha, sheba liwebosaete tsa CDC kapa tsa WHO.

Batho ba ka bang le litlhoko tse fapaneng tsa ente ba kenyelletsa:

• Bana
• Batho ba baholo
• Batho ba nang le masole a mmele a fokolang kapa HIV
• Batho ba lebelletseng ho kopana le liphoofolo tse itseng
• Basali baimana kapa ba anyesang

Botsa mofani oa hau kapa tleliniki ea maeto ea lehae.

Thibelo MALARIA

Malaria ke lefu le tebileng le jalang ka ho longoa ke menoang e itseng, eo hangata e llang pakeng tsa shoalane le mafube. E etsahala haholo maemong a lehodimo le tropike. Malaria e ka baka feberu e matla, ho tsukutleha, matšoao a kang a ntaramane le phokolo ea mali. Ho na le mefuta e 4 ea likokoana-hloko tsa malaria.

Haeba u etela sebakeng seo malaria e atileng, ho ka hlokahala hore u noe meriana e thibelang lefu lena. Meriana ena e nooa pele u tsamaea, nakong ea leeto la hau, le nako e khuts'oane kamora hore u khutle. Meriana e sebetsa hantle hakae. Mefuta e meng ea malaria e hanyetsana le meriana e meng e thibelang mafu. U lokela hape ho nka mehato ea ho thibela ho longoa ke likokoanyana.

ZIKA VIRUSI

Zika ke vaerase e fetisetsoang ho batho ka ho longoa ke menoang e nang le tšoaetso. Matšoao a kenyelletsa feberu, bohloko bo kopantsoeng, ho phatloha le mahlo a khubelu (conjunctivitis). Monoang o jalang Zika ke mofuta o tšoanang o jalang feberu ea dengue le vaerase ea chikungunya. Hangata menoang ena e fepa motšehare. Ha ho na ente e thibelang Zika.

Ho lumeloa hore ho na le kamano pakeng tsa bo-'mè ba nang le ts'oaetso ea Zika le masea a hlahileng a nang le microcephaly le mathata a mang a tsoalo. Zika e ka namela ho tloha ho mme ho ya leseeng la hae ka popelong (ka popelong) kapa nakong ya tswalo. Monna ea nang le Zika a ka fetisetsa lefu lena ho balekane ba hae ba thobalano. Ho bile le litlaleho tsa hore Zika e hasana ka tšelo ea mali.

Pele ho 2015, vaerase e ne e fumanoa haholo-holo Afrika, Asia Boroa-bochabela le Lihlekehleke tsa Pacific. Hona joale e nametse linaheng tse ngata le linaheng tse kenyeletsang:

• Brazil
• Lihlekehleke tsa Caribbean
• Amerika Bohareng
• Mexico
• Amerika e Leboea
• Amerika e Boroa
• Puerto Rico

Lefu lena le fumanoe libakeng tse ling tsa United States. Bakeng sa tlhaiso-leseling e morao-rao, ka kopo etela sebaka sa Setsi sa Taolo le Thibelo ea Mafu (CDC) - www.cdc.gov/zika.

Ho thibela ho fumana vaerase ea Zika, nka mehato ea ho qoba ho longoa ke menoang. Phetiso ea vaerase ea thobalano e ka thibeloa ka ho sebelisa likhohlopo kapa ho se etse thobalano le motho ea nang le tšoaetso.

TIRELETSA LITLHAKU TSE KOTSI

Ho thibela ho longoa ke menoang le likokoanyana tse ling:

• Apara lintho tse lelekang likokoanyana ha u le ka ntle, empa u li sebelise u sireletsehile.Batho ba tloaelehileng ba iphetetsang ba kenyelletsa DEET le picaridin. Tse ling tse lelekang likokoana-hloko ke oli ea lemone eucalyptus (OLE), PMD, le IR3535.
• U kanna ua hloka ho sebelisa letlooa la menoang ha u robetse.
• Apara marikhoe le lihempe tse matsoho a malelele, haholo ha shoalane e tšoara.
• Robala feela libakeng tse hlahlobiloeng.
• Se ke oa itlotsa ka litlolo.

LIJO LE POLOKEHO EA METSI

U ka fumana mefuta e meng ea tšoaetso ka ho ja kapa ho noa lijo kapa metsi a silafetseng. Ho na le kotsi e kholo ea tšoaetso ka lebaka la ho ja lijo tse sa butsoang kapa tse sa butsoang.

Lula hole le lijo tse latelang:

• Lijo tse phehiloeng tse lumelletsoeng ho pholile (joalo ka ho barekisi ba seterateng)
• Tholoana e sa hlatsoang ka metsi a hloekileng ebe ea eboloa
• Meroho e tala
• Li-Salads
• Lijo tsa lebese tse sa sebetsoang, tse kang lebese kapa chisi

Ho noa metsi a sa alafshoang kapa a silafetseng ho ka lebisa tšoaetsong. Noa feela lino tse latelang:

• Lino tse libotlolong tse nang le makotikoting kapa tse sa butsoang (metsi, lero, metsi a nang le diminerale ea khabone, lino-mapholi)
• Lino tse entsoeng ka metsi a belisitsoeng, joalo ka tee le kofi

Se ke oa sebelisa leqhoa linong tsa hau ntle le haeba li entsoe ka metsi a hloekisitsoeng. U ka hloekisa metsi ka ho a belisa kapa ka ho a phekola ka lisebelisoa tse itseng tsa lik'hemik'hale kapa lihlopha tsa metsi.

MEHATO E MENG EA HO THIBELA MAFU A SA KENANG

Hlatsoa matsoho khafetsa. Sebelisa sesepa le metsi kapa setlolo se hloekisang joala ho thusa ho thibela tšoaetso.

Se ke oa ema kapa ua sesa ka har'a linoka tsa metsi a hloekileng, melatsoana, kapa matša a nang le likhoerekhoere kapa mantle a liphoofolo. Sena se ka lebisa tšoaetsong. Ho sesa ka matamong a nang le chlorine ho bolokehile boholo ba nako.

NAKO HO IKOPANYA LE SETSEBI SA LITSELA

Letšollo ka linako tse ling le ka phekoloa ka phomolo le maro. Mofani oa hau a ka u fa lithibela-mafu hore u li nke leetong la hau haeba u ka kula ka lets'ollo le matla ha u le leetong.

Fumana tlhokomelo ea bongaka hang-hang haeba:

• Letšollo ha le fele
• U ba le feberu e matla kapa u felloa ke metsi

Ikopanye le mofani oa hau ha u khutlela hae haeba u ne u kula ka feberu ha u le leetong.

Bophelo bo botle ba baeti; Maloetse a tšoaetsanoang le baeti

• Maloetse a tšoaetsanoang le baeti
• Malaria

Beran J, Goad J. Meento ea ho eta khafetsa: hepatitis A le B, typhoid. Ka: Keystone JS, Kozarsky PE, Connor BA, Nothdurft HD, Mendelson M, Leder, K, eds. Meriana ea ho Tsamaea. La 4 ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: khaolo ea 11.

Litsi tsa Taolo le Thibelo ea Maloetse. Zika kokoana-hloko. Bakeng sa bafani ba tlhokomelo ea bophelo: tlhahlobo ea bongaka le mafu. www.cdc.gov/zika/hc-providers/preparing-for-zika/clinicalevaluationdisease.html. E ntlafalitsoe ka la 28 Pherekhong 2019. E fihlile ka la 3 Pherekhong 2020.

Litsi tsa Taolo le Thibelo ea Maloetse. Zika virus: mekhoa ea phetiso. www.cdc.gov/zika/prevention/transmission-methods.html. E ntlafalitsoe ka Phupu 24, 2019. E fihlile ka la 3 Pherekhong 2020.

Christenson JC, John CC. Keletso ea bophelo bo botle bakeng sa bana ba etelang machabeng. Ka: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, bahlophisi. Buka ea Nelson ea Pediatrics. La 21 Ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: khaolo ea 200.

Freedman ETSA, Chen LH. Atamela mokuli pele le ka mor'a maeto. Ka: Goldman L, Schafer AI, li-eds. Phekolo ea Goldman-Cecil. La 26th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: khaolo ea 270.

Webosaete ea Mokhatlo oa Lefatše oa Bophelo. Lethathamo la naha: Litlhoko le litlhahiso tsa ho entoa ka yellow fever boemo ba malaria; le litlhoko tse ling tsa ente. www.who.int/ith/ith_country_list.pdf. E fihliloe ka la 3 Pherekhong 2020.