Lefu la fetal alcohol

Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) ke kholo, mathata a kelello le 'mele a ka hlahang ho lesea ha mme a noa joala nakong ea bokhachane.

Ho sebelisa joala nakong ea bokhachane ho ka baka likotsi tse tšoanang le ho sebelisa joala ka kakaretso. Empa e beha likotsi tse eketsehileng ho lesea le e-song ho hlahe. Ha mokhachane a noa joala, o feta habonolo ho lesea le ka popelong. Ka lebaka lena, ho noa joala ho ka lematsa lesea le e-so hlahe.

Ha ho na "tšebeliso e sireletsehileng" ea tšebeliso ea joala nakong ea bokhachane. Lino tse ngata tse tahang li bonahala li eketsa mathata. Ho itlopa joala ho kotsi ho feta ho noa joala bo bonyenyane.

Nako ea ts'ebeliso ea joala nakong ea bokhachane le eona e bohlokoa. Ho noa joala ho ka ba kotsi le ho feta nakong ea likhoeli tse 3 tsa pele tsa bokhachane. Empa ho noa joala nako efe kapa efe nakong ea bokhachane ho ka ba kotsi.

Lesea le nang le FAS le ka ba le matšoao a latelang:

• Khōlo e fokolang ha ngoana a le ka popelong le kamora ho hlaha
• Fokotsa molumo oa mesifa le tšebelisano e mpe
• Liketsahalo tsa morao-rao tsa nts'etsopele
• Mathata a pono, joalo ka pono e haufi (myopia)
• Ho hloka botsitso
• Ho tšoenyeha
• Ho tšoha haholo
• Tlhokomelo e khutšoane

Tlhahlobo ea 'mele ea lesea e ka bontša ho honotha ha pelo kapa mathata a mang a pelo. Sekoli se tloaelehileng ke lesoba leboteng le arohanyang likamore tse nepahetseng le tse letšehali tsa pelo.

Hape ho ka ba le mathata ka sefahleho le masapo. Tsena li ka kenyelletsa:

• Mahlo a masesaane le a manyane
• Hloho e nyane le mohlahare o hodimo
• Smooth groove molomong o kaholimo, molomo o boreleli le o mosesane o kaholimo
• Litsebe tse holofetseng
• Nko e sephara, e khutšoane ebile e phahame
• Ptosis (ho theoha ha mahlo a holimo)

Liteko tse ka etsoang li kenyelletsa:

• Tekanyo ea joala ba mali ho basali ba bakhachane ba bonts'ang matšoao a ho tahoa (ba tahiloe)
• Lithuto tsa ho nka litšoantšo tsa boko (CT kapa MRI) kamora hore ngoana a hlahe
• Bokhachane ba ultrasound

Basali ba imeng kapa ba lekang ho ima ha baa lokela ho noa joala bo bongata. Bakhachane ba nang le bothata ba tšebeliso ea joala ba lokela ho kenella lenaneong la tlhabollo mme ba hlahlojoe ka hloko ke mofani oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo nakong eohle ea bokhachane.

Sephetho sa masea a nang le FAS sea fapana. Hoo e batlang e le lesea lena ha le na kholo e tloaelehileng ea boko.

Masea le bana ba nang le FAS ba na le mathata a mangata a fapaneng, ao ho ka bang thata ho a laola. Bana ba sebetsa hantle haholo haeba ba fumanoa kapele mme ba fetisetsoa sehlopheng sa bafani ba ka sebetsang maqheka a thuto le boits'oaro a lumellanang le litlhoko tsa ngoana.

Bitsa kopano le mofani oa hau haeba u noa joala khafetsa kapa haholo, 'me u thatafalloa ho fokotsa kapa ho emisa. Hape, letsetsa haeba u noa joala ka bongata ha u le moimana kapa u leka ho ima.

Ho qoba joala nakong ea bokhachane ho thibela FAS. Tlhabollo e ka thusa basali ba seng ba ntse ba e-na le ngoana ea nang le FAS.

Basali ba etsang thobalano ba noang haholo ba lokela ho sebelisa bokhachane le ho laola boits'oaro ba bona, kapa ba tlohele ho sebelisa joala pele ba leka ho ima.

Joala nakong ea bokhachane; Mathata a tsoalo a amanang le joala; Litlamorao tsa joala; FAS; Mathata a fetal joala ea fetal; Ho sebelisa joala hampe - fetal alcohol; Tahi - fetal joala

• Sekhahla se le seng sa palema
• Lefu la fetal alcohol

Hoyme HE, Kalberg WO, Elliott AJ, et al. Ntjhafatso ea litataiso tsa bongaka bakeng sa ho fumana mathata a "fetal alcohol spectrum". Lingaka tsa bana. 2016; 138 (2). pii: e20154256 PMID: 27464676 e hatisitsoeng.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27464676/.

Weber RJ, Jauniaux ERM. Lithethefatsi le baemeli ba tikoloho nakong ea bokhachane le ho anyesa: teratology, epidemiology, le taolo ea bakuli. Ka: Landon MB, Galan HL, Jauniaux ERM, et al, eds. Li-Obstetrics tsa Gabbe: Bokhachane bo Tloaelehileng le Bothata. La 8th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021: khaolo ea 7.

Wozniak JR, Riley EP, Charness ME. Tlhahiso ea bongaka, tlhahlobo le taolo ea "fetal alcohol spectrum disorder". Lancet Neurol. 2019; 18 (8): 760-770. PMID: 31160204 e fetotsoe.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31160204/.