Khaello ea mali

Phokolo ea mali ke boemo boo 'mele o se nang lisele tse khubelu tsa mali tse phetseng hantle. Lisele tse khubelu tsa mali li fana ka oksijene lithong tsa 'mele.

Mefuta e fapaneng ea phokolo ea mali e kenyelletsa:

• Phokolo ea mali ka lebaka la khaello ea vithamine B12
• Phokolo ea mali ka lebaka la khaello ea folate (folic acid)
• Phokolo ea mali ka lebaka la khaello ea tšepe
• Phokolo ea mali ea lefu le sa foleng
• Phokolo ea mali ea hemolytic
• Phokolo ea mali ea Idiopathic aplastic
• Phokolo ea mali ea Megaloblastic
• Phokolo ea mali e tšabehang
• Phokolo ea mali ea sele
• Thalassemia

Phokolo ea mali ea khauta ke mofuta o tloaelehileng haholo oa phokolo ea mali.

Le ha likarolo tse ngata tsa 'mele li thusa ho etsa lisele tse khubelu tsa mali, boholo ba mosebetsi o etsoa mokong oa masapo. Moko oa masapo ke lisele tse bonolo tse bohareng ba masapo tse thusang ho theha lisele tsohle tsa mali.

Lisele tse khubelu tsa mali tse phetseng hantle li nka matsatsi a pakeng tsa 90 le 120. Likarolo tsa 'mele oa hau li ntša lisele tsa khale tsa mali. Hormone e bitsoang erythropoietin (epo) e entsoeng liphio tsa hau e tšoaea moko oa hau oa masapo ho etsa lisele tse khubelu tsa mali.

Hemoglobin ke protheine e tsamaisang oksijene e ka har'a lisele tse khubelu tsa mali. E fa lisele tse khubelu tsa mali 'mala oa tsona. Batho ba nang le phokolo ea mali ha ba na hemoglobin e lekaneng.

'Mele o hloka livithamini, liminerale le limatlafatsi tse itseng ho etsa lisele tse khubelu tsa mali tse lekaneng. Iron, vithamine B12, le folic acid ke tse tharo tsa bohlokoahali. 'Mele o kanna oa haelloa ke limatlafatsi tsena ka lebaka la:

• Liphetoho ka lera la mpa kapa la mala le amang tsela eo limatlafatsi li kenang hantle ka eona (mohlala, lefu la celiac)
• Lijo tse fosahetseng
• Phekolo e tlosang karolo ea mpa kapa mala

Lisosa tse ka bang teng tsa khaello ea mali li kenyelletsa:

• Khaello ea tšepe
• Khaello ea Vitamin B12
• Ho haella ha Folate
• Meriana e itseng
• Tšenyo ea lisele tse khubelu tsa mali pejana ho nako e tloaelehileng (e ka bakoang ke mathata a sesole sa 'mele)
• Maloetse a nako e telele (a sa foleng) a kang mafu a sa foleng a liphio, mofets'e, ulcerative colitis kapa ramatiki ea ramatiki.
• Mefuta e meng ea phokolo ea mali, joalo ka thalassemia kapa sickle cell anemia, e ka futsitsoeng
• Boimana
• Mathata a moko oa masapo a kang lymphoma, leukemia, myelodysplasia, multipleeloma, kapa aplastic anemia
• Ho theoha butle ha mali (ka mohlala, ho tloha khoeling e boima kapa liso tsa ka mpeng)
• Ho felloa ke mali ka tšohanyetso

Mohlomong ha u na matšoao haeba phokolo ea mali e le bonolo kapa bothata bo hlaha butle. Matšoao a ka hlahang pele a kenyelletsa:

• Ho ikutloa o fokola kapa o khathetse hangata ho feta tloaelo, kapa ka ho ikoetlisa
• Ho tšoaroa ke hlooho
• Mathata a ho tsepamisa mohopolo kapa ho nahana
• Ho teneha
• Ho felloa ke takatso ea lijo
• Ho ba lerootho le ho hlohlona ha matsoho le maoto

Haeba phokolo ea mali e mpefala, matšoao a ka kenyelletsa:

• 'Mala o moputsoa ho makhooa a mahlo
• Manala a robehileng
• Takatso ea ho ja leqhoa kapa lintho tse ling tseo e seng tsa lijo (pica syndrome)
• Hlooho e bobebe ha u ema
• 'Mala oa letlalo o phatsimang
• Phefumoloho e khutšoane ka ts'ebetso e bonolo kapa le ha e phomotse
• Leleme le bohloko kapa le ruruhileng
• Liso tsa molomo
• Ho tsoa mali ka mokhoa o sa tloaelehang kapa o eketsehang ho basali
• Ho lahleheloa ke takatso ea thobalano ho banna

Mofani oa thepa o tla etsa tlhahlobo ea 'mele, mme a ka fumana:

• Pelo e korotla
• Khatello ea mali e tlase, haholo ha o ema
• Feberu e nyane
• Letlalo le putswa
• Ho otla ha pelo ka potlako

Mefuta e meng ea phokolo ea mali e ka baka liphuputso tse ling tlhahlobo ea 'mele.

Liteko tsa mali tse sebelisetsoang ho fumana mefuta e meng e tloaelehileng ea phokolo ea mali li ka kenyelletsa:

• Litekanyo tsa mali tsa tšepe, vithamine B12, folic acid, le livithamine le liminerale tse ling
• Palo e felletseng ea mali
• Palo ea Reticulocyte

Liteko tse ling li ka etsoa ho fumana mathata a bongaka a ka bakang phokolo ea mali.

Kalafo e lokela ho lebisoa sesosa sa phokolo ea mali, mme e ka kenyelletsa:

• Litšelo tsa mali
• Corticosteroids kapa meriana e meng e hatellang sesole sa 'mele
• Erythropoietin, moriana o thusang 'moko oa masapo ho etsa lisele tse ngata tsa mali
• Lisebelisoa tsa tšepe, vithamine B12, folic acid, kapa livithamine le liminerale tse ling

Phokolo ea mali e matla e ka baka maemo a tlase a oksijene lithong tsa bohlokoa joalo ka pelo, mme e ka lebisa ho hloleha ha pelo.

Bitsa mofani oa hau haeba u na le matšoao a phokolo ea mali kapa ho tsoa mali ho sa tloaelehang.

• Lisele tse khubelu tsa mali - elliptocytosis
• Lisele tse khubelu tsa mali - spherocytosis
• Lisele tse khubelu tsa mali - lisele tse ngata tsa sekele
• Ovalocytosis
• Lisele tse khubelu tsa mali - sekele le Pappenheimer
• Lisele tse khubelu tsa mali, lisele tse shebiloeng
• Hemoglobin

Elghetany MT, Schexneider KI, mathata a Banki K. Erythrocytic. Ka: McPherson RA, Pincus MR, bahlophisi. Henry's Clinical Diagnosis le Tsamaiso ka Mekhoa ea Laboraro. La bo23 la ed. St Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2017: khaolo ea 32.

Lin JC. Atamela ho phokolo ea mali ho motho e moholo le ngoana. Ka: Hoffman R, Benz EJ, Silberstein LE, et al, eds. Hematology: Melao-motheo le Tloaelo ea Motheo. La 7th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: khaolo ea 34.

E bolela RT. Atamela li-anemias. Ka: Goldman L, Schafer AI, li-eds. Phekolo ea Goldman-Cecil. La 26th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: khaolo ea 149.