Kankere ea matšoafo - sele e nyane

Kankere e nyenyane ea matšoafo (SCLC) ke mofuta o hōlang ka potlako oa mofetše oa matšoafo. E ata kapele haholo ho feta mofets'e o seng o monyane oa lisele tsa matšoafo.

Hona le mefuta e 'meli ea SCLC:

• Small cell carcinoma (kankere ea oat cell)
• Sele e nyane ea carcinoma

Boholo ba li-SCLC ke tsa mofuta oa sele ea oat.

Hoo e ka bang 15% ea linyeoe tsohle tsa mofets'e oa matšoafo ke SCLC. Kankere ea matšoafo ea lisele tse nyane e atile haholo ho banna ho feta basali.

Hoo e batlang e le linyeoe tsohle tsa SCLC li bakoa ke ho tsuba sakerete. SCLC e fumaneha seoelo ho batho ba e-s'o tsube.

SCLC ke mofuta o matla ka ho fetisisa oa mofetše oa matšoafo. Hangata e qala methapong ea ho hema (bronchi) bohareng ba sefuba. Le ha lisele tsa mofetše li le nyane, li hola kapele haholo mme li baka lihlahala tse kholo. Hangata lihlahala tsena li hasana ka potlako (metastasize) likarolong tse ling tsa 'mele, ho kenyeletsoa boko, sebete le masapo.

Matšoao a SCLC a kenyelletsa:

• Sekhohlela se nang le mali (phlegm)
• Bohloko ba sefuba
• Khohlela
• Ho felloa ke takatso ea lijo
• Phefumoloho e khutšoanyane
• Ho fokotsa boima ba 'mele
• Ho honotha

Matšoao a mang a ka bang teng ka lefu lena, haholoholo ha a se a le morao, a kenyelletsa:

• Ho ruruha ha sefahleho
• Feberu
• Ho honotha kapa ho fetola lentsoe
• Ho metsa bothata
• Bofokoli

Mofani oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo o tla etsa tlhahlobo ea 'mele' me a botse nalane ea hau ea bongaka. U tla botsoa hore na ua tsuba, 'me haeba ho joalo, u tsuba bokae le nako e kae.

Ha u mametse sefuba ka stethoscope, mofani oa hau a ka utloa mokelikeli o pota-potileng matšoafo kapa libaka tseo matšoafo a oeleng ho tsona. E 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea liphuputso tsena e kanna ea fana ka maikutlo a mofetše.

SCLC hangata e hasana likarolong tse ling tsa 'mele oa hau ka nako eo e fumanoang ka eona.

Liteko tse ka etsoang li kenyelletsa:

• Ho hlahloba lesapo
• X-ray sefubeng
• Palo e felletseng ea mali (CBC)
• CT scan
• Liteko tsa ts'ebetso ea sebete
• Ho hlahloba MRI
• Sesebelisoa sa Positron emission tomography (PET)
• Teko ea sekhohlela (ho batla lisele tsa mofetše)
• Thoracentesis (ho tlosoa ha mokelikeli sefubeng ho potoloha matšoafo)

Maemong a mangata, karolo ea lisele e tlosoa matšoafong a hau kapa libakeng tse ling hore e hlahlojoe ka microscope. Sena se bitsoa biopsy. Ho na le mekhoa e mengata ea ho etsa biopsy:

• Bronchoscopy e kopantsoe le biopsy
• Tlhatlhobo ea lisebelisoa tsa CT
• Endoscopic esophageal kapa bronchial ultrasound e nang le biopsy
• Mediastinoscopy le biopsy
• Bula biopsy ea matšoafo
• Tlhaloso ea boipheliso
• Thoracoscopy e thusitsoeng ke video

Hangata, haeba biopsy e bontša mofetše, liteko tse ling tsa ho nka litšoantšo li etsoa ho fumana sethaleng sa mofetše. Mothati o bolela hore na hlahala e kholo hakae le hore na e hasane hakae. SCLC e khetholloa e le:

• E lekanyelitsoe - Kankere e ka sefubeng feela mme e ka alafshoa ka kalafo ea radiation.
• Kholo - Kankere e hasane kantle ho sebaka se ka koaeloang ke radiation.

Hobane SCLC e namela ka potlako 'meleng, kalafo e tla kenyelletsa lithethefatsi tse bolaeang mofets'e (chemotherapy), tse atisang ho fanoa ka methapo (ka IV).

Kalafo ea chemotherapy le radiation e ka etsoa bakeng sa batho ba nang le SCLC e hasaneng 'meleng oohle (maemong a mangata). Tabeng ena, kalafo e thusa feela ho kokobetsa matšoao le ho lelefatsa bophelo, empa ha e phekole lefu lena.

Phekolo ea radiation e ka sebelisoa ka chemotherapy haeba ho buuoa ho sa khonehe. Phekolo ea radiation e sebelisa x-ray e matla kapa mefuta e meng ea radiation ho bolaea lisele tsa mofetše.

Mahlaseli a kotsi a ka sebelisoa ho:

• Phekola mofetše, hammoho le chemotherapy, haeba ho buuoa ho sa khonehe.
• Thusa ho imolla matšoao a bakoang ke mofetše, joalo ka mathata a ho hema le ho ruruha.
• Thusa ho kokobetsa bohloko ba mofetše ha mofetše o nametse masapong.

Hangata, SCLC e kanna ea ba e se e nametse bokong. Sena se ka etsahala leha ho se na matšoao kapa matšoao a mang a mofets'e bokong. Ka lebaka leo, batho ba bang ba nang le mofetše o monyane, kapa ba ileng ba arabela hantle mokhatlong oa bona oa pele oa chemotherapy, ba ka fumana kalafo ea radiation bokong. Kalafo ena e etsoa ho thibela ho hasana ha mofets'e bokong.

Phekolo e thusa batho ba fokolang haholo ba nang le SCLC hobane hangata lefu lena le se le nametse ka nako eo le fumanoang ka lona. Ho buuoa ho ka etsoa ha ho na le hlahala e le 'ngoe feela e sa jalang. Haeba ho etsoa opereishene, chemotherapy kapa therapy ea radiation e ntse e hlokahala.

U ka fokotsa khatello ea maikutlo ea bokuli ka ho kenela sehlopha sa ts'ehetso ea mofets'e. Ho arolelana le ba bang ba nang le liphihlelo tse tšoanang le mathata ho ka u thusa hore u se ke ua ikutloa u le mong.

Hore na o sebetsa hantle hakae ho latela hore na mofetše oa matšoafo o hasane hakae. SCLC e bolaea haholo. Ha se batho ba bangata ba nang le mofuta ona oa mofets'e ba ntseng ba phela lilemo tse 5 kamora ho fumanoa.

Kalafo hangata e ka lelefatsa bophelo ba motho likhoeli tse 6 ho isa ho tse 12, leha mofetše o se o nametse.

Maemong a sa tloaelehang, haeba SCLC e fumanoa kapele, kalafo e ka baka pheko ea nako e telele.

Bitsa mofani oa hau haeba u e-na le matšoao a kankere ea matšoafo, haholo-holo haeba u tsuba.

Haeba u tsuba, joale ke nako ea ho tlohela. Haeba u na le bothata ba ho tlohela, bua le mofani oa thepa ea hau. Ho na le mekhoa e mengata ho u thusa ho tlohela, ho tloha lihlopheng tsa tšehetso ho isa ho meriana ea ngaka. Hape leka ho qoba mosi oa koae.

Haeba u tsuba kapa u tloaetse ho tsuba, bua le mofani oa hau mabapi le ho hlahlojoa ke mofetše oa matšoafo. Ho hlahlojoa, o hloka ho hlahlojoa sefubeng ke CT.

Kankere - lung - lisele tse nyane; Kankere e nyenyane ea matšoafo ea sele; SCLC

• Chemotherapy - seo u lokelang ho se botsa ngaka ea hau
• Mahlaseli a sefuba - ho tsoa
• Ho buuoa ka mapafu - ho tsoa
• Phekolo ea radiation - lipotso tseo u ka li botsang ngaka ea hau

• Bronchoscopy
• Matšoafo
• Kankere ea matšoafo - x-ray ea sefuba sa lateral
• Kankere ea matšoafo - x-ray e ka pele sefubeng
• Adenocarcinoma - x-ray sefubeng
• Kankere ea bronchial - CT scan
• Kankere ea bronchial - sefubeng x-ray
• Lung le kankere ea lisele tsa squamous - CT scan
• Kalafo ea matšoafo - kalafo ea chemotherapy
• Adenocarcinoma
• E seng nyane cell carcinoma
• Cell carcinoma e nyane
• Squamous cell carcinoma
• Kankere ea mosi le mofets'e oa matšoafo
• Matšoafo a tloaelehileng le alveoli
• Tsamaiso ea phefumoloho
• Likotsi tsa ho tsuba
• Bronchoscope

Araujo LH, Horn L, Merritt RE, Shilo K, Xu-Welliver M, Carbone DP. Kankere ea matšoafo: kankere ea matšoafo e seng e nyane le mofetše oa lisele tse nyane. Ka: Niederhuber JE, Armitage JO, Kastan MB, Doroshow JH, Tepper JE, bahlophisi. Abeloff's Clinical Oncology. La 6th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: khaolo ea 69.

Webosaete ea National Cancer Institute. Kalafo e nyane ea mofetše oa lisele tsa matšoafo (PDQ) - mofuta oa litsebi tsa bophelo bo botle. www.cancer.gov/types/lung/hp/small-cell-lung-treatment-pdq. E ntlafalitsoe ka Mots'eanong 1, 2019. E fihlile ka Phato 5, 2019.

Webosaete ea National Comprehensive Cancer Network. Litaelo tsa NCCN tsa litloaelo tsa kliniki ho oncology: mofets'e oa cell cancer e nyane. Mofuta oa 2.2020. www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/sclc.pdf. E ntlafalitsoe ka la 15 Pulungoana, 2019. E fihlile ka la 8 Pherekhong 2020.

Silvestri GA, Pastis NJ, Tanner NT, Jett JR. Likarolo tsa bongaka tsa mofetše oa matšoafo. Ka: Broaddus VC, Mason RJ, Ernst JD, et al, li-eds. Buka ea Bongaka ea Phefumoloho ea Murray le Nadel. La 6th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: khaolo ea 53.