Matšoafo a khatello ea mali
Ho hatelloa ke mali ke khatello e phahameng ea mali methapong ea matšoafo. E etsa hore lehlakore le letona la pelo le sebetse ka thata ho feta tloaelo.
Lehlakore le letona la pelo le pompa mali ka matšoafo, moo le nkang oksijene. Mali a khutlela lehlakoreng le letšehali la pelo, moo a pompeloang teng 'meleng oohle.
Ha methapo e menyenyane (methapo ea mali) ea matšoafo e fokotseha, e sitoa ho jara mali a mangata. Ha sena se etsahala, khatello ea eketseha. Sena se bitsoa khatello ea mali ea pulmonary.
Pelo e hloka ho sebetsa ka thata ho qobella mali ka har'a methapo khahlanong le khatello ena. Ha nako e ntse e ea, sena se etsa hore lehlakore le letona la pelo le be kholo. Boemo bona bo bitsoa ho hloleha ha pelo ka lehlakoreng le letona, kapa cor pulmonale.
Matšoafo a khatello ea mali a ka bakoa ke:
- Ho itšireletsa mafung ho senya matšoafo, joalo ka scleroderma le ramatiki ea ramatiki
- Liphoso tsa tlhaho ea pelo
- Mali a koahetsoeng ke matšoafo (pulmonary embolism)
- Ho hloleha ha pelo
- Lefu la valve ea pelo
- Tšoaetso ea HIV
- Maemo a tlase a oksijene maling nako e telele (a sa foleng)
- Boloetse ba sefuba, joalo ka COPD kapa pulmonary fibrosis kapa boemo bofe kapa bofe bo bobe bo sa foleng ba matšoafo
- Meriana (mohlala, lithethefatsi tse ling tsa phepo)
- Ho thibela ho koaleha moea ka nakoana borokong
Maemong a sa tloaelehang, sesosa sa khatello ea methapo ea mali ha se tsejoe. Tabeng ena, boemo bona bo bitsoa idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH). Idiopathic e bolela hore sesosa sa lefu ha se tsejoe. IPAH e ama basali ba bangata ho feta banna.
Haeba khatello ea mali ea pulmonary e bakoa ke moriana o tsebahalang kapa boemo ba bongaka, e bitsoa hypertension ea pulmonary ea bobeli.
Phefumoloho e khutšoanyane kapa bohlooho bo bobebe nakong ea ts'ebetso hangata ke matšoao a pele. Ho otla ha pelo kapele (palpitations) ho ka ba teng. Ha nako e ntse e ea, matšoao a hlaha ka ts'ebetso e bobebe kapa leha a phomotse.
Matšoao a mang a kenyelletsa:
- Ho ruruha leqaqailaneng le leotong
- Mmala o moputsoa oa molomo kapa letlalo (cyanosis)
- Bohloko ba sefubeng kapa khatello, hangata ka pele ho sefuba
- Ho tsekela kapa ho akheha
- Mokhathala
- Boholo ba mpa
- Bofokoli
Batho ba nang le khatello ea methapo ea mali hangata ba na le matšoao a tlang le a sa foleng. Ba tlaleha matsatsi a monate le matsatsi a mabe.
Mofani oa hao oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo o tla etsa tlhahlobo ea 'mele mme a botse ka matšoao a hau. Tlhahlobo e ka fumana:
- Pelo e sa tloaelehang e utloahala
- Ho ikutloa u hula holim'a lesapo la sefuba
- Ho honotha ha pelo ka lehlakoreng le letona la pelo
- Metsing e meholo ho feta e tloaelehileng molaleng
- Ho ruruha ha leoto
- Ho ruruha ha sebete le spleen
- Phefumoloho e tloaelehileng e utloahala haeba khatello ea mali ea methapo e le idiopathic kapa ka lebaka la lefu la pelo la tlhaho
- Ho phefumoloha ho sa tloaelehang ho utloahala haeba khatello ea kelello ea mali e tsoa ho mafu a mang a matšoafo
Mokhahlelong oa pele oa lefu lena, tlhahlobo e kanna ea ba e tloaelehileng kapa e batlang e tloaelehile. Boemo bo ka nka likhoeli tse 'maloa ho bo fumana. Asma le mafu a mang a ka baka matšoao a ts'oanang mme a tlameha ho qheleloa ka thoko.
Liteko tse ka laeloang li kenyelletsa:
- Liteko tsa mali
- Catheterization ea pelo
- X-ray sefubeng
- Tlhatlhobo ea sefuba ea CT
- Echocardiogram
- ECG
- Liteko tsa mosebetsi oa matšoafo
- Ho hlahlojoa ha matšoafo a nyutlelie
- Arteriogram ea pulmonary
- Teko ea metsotso e 6 ea ho tsamaea
- Ho ithuta ho robala
- Liteko tsa ho lekola mathata a autoimmune
Ha ho na pheko bakeng sa khatello ea methapo ea mali. Morero oa kalafo ke ho laola matšoao le ho thibela tšenyo e ngata ea matšoafo. Ho bohlokoa ho sebetsana le mathata a bongaka a bakang khatello ea kelello ea methapo, e kang ho koaleha moea ka nakoana borokong, ho tšoaroa ke lefu la matšoafo le mathata a li-valve a pelo.
Mekhoa e mengata ea kalafo ea khatello ea methapo ea methapo ea mali e teng. Haeba u laetsoe meriana, e ka nooa ka molomo (ka molomo), ea amoheloa ka mothapo (intravenous, kapa IV), kapa ea phefumoloha.
Mofani oa hau o tla etsa qeto ea hore na ke moriana ofe o u loketseng. O tla behwa leihlo ka hloko nakong ya kalafo ho shebella ditlamorao le ho bona hore na o arabela moriana hantle hakae. U SE KE UA emisa ho noa meriana ea hau u sa bua le mofani oa litšebeletso.
Mefuta e meng ea kalafo e ka kenyelletsa:
- Li-thinner tsa mali ho fokotsa kotsi ea maqeba a mali, haholo haeba o na le IPAH
- Phekolo ea oksijene lapeng
- Lung, kapa maemong a mang, ho kenyelletsa pelo le matšoafo, haeba meriana e sa sebetse
Malebela a mang a bohlokoa ao u ka a latelang:
- Qoba ho ima
- Qoba mesebetsi e boima ea 'mele le ho phahamisa
- Qoba ho ea libakeng tse phahameng
- Fumana vaksine ea ntaramane ea selemo le selemo, hammoho le liente tse ling tse kang ente ea pneumonia
- Khaotsa ho tsuba
Hore na o sebetsa hantle hakae ho latela hore na boemo bo bakiloe ke eng. Meriana ea IPAH e ka thusa ho liehisa lefu lena.
Ha bokuli bo ntse bo mpefala, o tla hloka ho etsa liphetoho lapeng ho o thusa ho potoloha le ntlo.
Bitsa mofani oa hau haeba:
- U qala ho ba le phefumoloho e khuts'oane ha u le mafolofolo
- Phefumoloho e khutšoanyane ea mpefala
- U ba le bohloko ba sefuba
- U hlahisa matšoao a mang
Khatello ea meriana ea methapo ea mali; Likhatello tse phahameng tsa khatello ea mali ea pulmonary; Tloaelehileng mathomo pulmonary kgatelelo ya madi; Idiopathic pulmonary arterial khatello ea kelello; Matšoafo a khatello ea kelello ea pulmonary; PPH; Matšoafo a khatello ea meriana ea bobeli; Cor pulmonale - khatello ea kelello ea methapo
- Tsamaiso ea phefumoloho
- Matšoafo a khatello ea kelello ea pulmonary
- Ho kenyelletsa pelo le matšoafo - letoto la lihlooho
Chin K, Channick RN. Matšoafo a khatello ea mali. Ka: Broaddus VC, Mason RJ, Ernst JD, et al, li-eds. Buka ea Bongaka ea Phefumoloho ea Murray le Nadel. La 6th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: khaolo ea 58.
Mclaughlin VV, Humbert M. Pulmonary khatello ea meriana. Ka: Zipes DP, Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Tomaselli GF, Braunwald E, eds. Lefu la pelo la Braunwald: Buka ea bongaka ea meriana ea pelo. 11th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: khaolo ea 85.