Na Leseli la UV le Hlakola Likokoana-hloko le ho Bolaea?

Litaba

• Empa pele, leseli la UV ke eng?
• A na sebolaya-mafu sa UV se ka sebelisoa khahlanong le COVID-19?
• Na u lokela ho reka lihlahisoa tsa UV tse bolaeang likokoana-hloko?
• Tlhahlobo bakeng sa

Kamora likhoeli tse ngata tsa ho hlapa matsoho, ho arohana sechabeng, le ho roala maske, ho bonahala eka coronavirus e kentse manala a eona ka nako e telele ho la US mme ho tloha likarolong tse 'maloa tsa boiphihlelo bona bo tšosang. ka khona taolo ke liketso tsa hau le tikoloho ea hau, ha ho makatse hore ebe uena - le hoo e ka bang motho e mong le e mong - u se u tsotella. Haeba u sa bokella Clorox le lipilisi tse bolaeang likokoana-hloko ka Hlakubele, o kanna oa ba setsebi sa ho tsamaea le Google ho fumana likarabo tsa lipotso tse kang "na mouoane o ka bolaea livaerase?" kapa "na asene ke sebolaya-mafu?" Mosebetsi oa hau tlase mokoti oa mmutla o kanna oa ba oa u isa mekhoeng e meng e ncha ea ho bolaea likokoana-hloko: e leng lebone la ultraviolet (UV).

Leseli la UV le ’nile la sebelisoa ka lilemo tse mashome (e, lilemo tse mashome!) ho fokotsa ho ata ha libaktheria, tse kang tse bakang lefuba, ho latela U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Mabapi le bokhoni ba eona ba ho bolaea likokoana-hloko tsa COVID-19? Ha e na hantle haholo. Tsoela pele ho bala ho fumana 'nete e tšehelitsoeng ke litsebi mabapi le leseli la UV, ho kenyelletsa hore na e ka thibela phetiso ea coronavirus kapa che le seo u lokelang ho se tseba ka lihlahisoa tsa mabone a UV (ke hore, mabone, li-wands, jj. .

Empa pele, leseli la UV ke eng?

Leseli la UV ke mofuta oa mahlaseli a motlakase a fetisoang ka maqhubu kapa likaroloana ka bolelele le maqhubu a sa tšoaneng, a etsang spectrum ea electromagnetic (EM), ho bolela Jim Malley, Ph.D., moprofesa oa boenjiniere ba sechaba le tikoloho Univesithing ea New Hampshire. Mofuta o tloaelehileng haholo oa radiation ea UV? Letsatsi, le hlahisang mefuta e meraro e fapaneng ea mahlaseli: UVA, UVB le UVC, ho latela FDA. Batho ba bangata ba tloaelane le mahlaseli a UVA le UVB hobane ke bona ba molato ka ho chesoa ke letsatsi le mofetše oa letlalo. (Related: Mahlaseli a Ultraviolet a Baka Tšenyo ea Letlalo - Leha U le Ka Ntlong)

Mahlaseli a UVC, ka lehlakoreng le leng, ha ho mohla a kileng a fihla holim'a Lefatše (ozone layer e thibela 'em), ka hona, leseli la UVC feela leo batho ba pepeselitsoeng ho lona ke ba maiketsetso, ho latela FDA. Leha ho le joalo, e ntle haholo; UVC, e nang le bolelele bo bokhuts'oane ka ho fetesisa le matla a phahameng ka ho fetisisa ho feta mahlaseli 'ohle a UV, ke sebolaea likokoana-hloko se tsebahalang bakeng sa moea, metsi le libaka tse se nang popelo. Kahoo, ha u bua ka ho thibela likokoana-hloko ka mahlaseli a UV, ho tsepamisitsoe maikutlo ho UVC, ho bolela Malley. Lebaka ke lena: ha le hlahisoa ka bolelele bo itseng ba bolelele ba nako le nako e itseng, lebone la UVC le ka senya liphatsa tsa lefutso - DNA kapa RNA - libaktheria le livaerase, le sitisa bokhoni ba tsona ba ho ikatisa hape, le ho baka hore mesebetsi ea bona e tloaelehileng ea lisele e senyehe , ho hlalosa Chris Olson, setsebi sa microbiologist le molaoli oa lenaneo la Thibelo ea Ts'oaetso le Boitokisetso ba Tshohanyetso Sepetleleng sa UCHealth Highlands Ranch. (Tlhokomeliso: Le ha mahlaseli a UVC a tsoang mehloling ea maiketsetso a ka baka likotsi ho kenyelletsa le ho chesa ha leihlo le letlalo - joalo ka mahlaseli a UVA le UVB - FDA e ts'ehetsa hore likotsi tsena "hangata li rarolloa nakong ea beke" le hore monyetla oa ho ba le mofetše oa letlalo " e tlase haholo.")

Leha ho le joalo, e le hore ho bolaea likokoana-hloko ka mahlaseli a UV ho atlehe, ho tlameha ho laoleha lintlha tse 'maloa tsa bohlokoa. Taba ea mantlha, mahlaseli a hloka ho ba maemong a nepahetseng a bokahohle bakeng sa vaerase e shebiloeng. Le hoja hangata sena se itšetlehile ka sebōpuoa se itseng, kae kapa kae pakeng tsa 200-300 nm "e nkoa e le likokoana-hloko" ka katleho e phahameng ho 260 nm, ho bolela Malley. Li boetse li hloka ho ba ka tekanyo e nepahetseng - matla a UV a atolosoa ke nako ea ho kopana, oa hlalosa. "Tekanyetso e nepahetseng ea UV eo hangata e hlokahalang e pharaletse haholo, ho tloha lipakeng tsa 2 le 200 mJ/cm2 ho ipapisitse le maemo a itseng, lintho tse hlakotsoeng ka likokoana-hloko, le boemo bo lakatsehang ba ho bolaea likokoana-hloko."

Ho bohlokoa hape hore sebaka sena se se na letho le ka sitisang lebone la UVC ho fihla moo se habiloeng, ho bolela Malley. "Re bua ka ts'oaetso ea UV e le theknoloji ea line-of-sight, kahoo haeba ho na le letho le thibelang lebone la UV ho kenyelletsa le litšila, litšila, eng kapa eng e lahlang meriti joale libaka tseo 'tse koahetsoeng kapa tse sirelelitsoeng' li ke ke tsa silafatsoa."

Haeba seo se utloahala se rarahane, ke hobane ke: "Ho thibela likokoana-hloko tsa UV ha ho bonolo; ha se boholo bo le bong bo lekanang bohle," ho hatisa Malley. Ke lona lebaka le leng feela leo litsebi le lipatlisiso li ntseng li sa tsebe hantle hore na li ka ba khahlano le coronavirus ha e le hantle na. (Bona hape: Mokhoa oa ho boloka lehae la hau le hloekile hape le phetse hantle haeba u itšehla thajana ka lebaka la Coronavirus)

A na sebolaya-mafu sa UV se ka sebelisoa khahlanong le COVID-19?

UVC e na le rekoto ea ho sebetsa hantle haholo khahlano le SARS-CoV-1 le MERS, bao e leng beng ka bona ba haufi ba SARS-CoV-2, vaerase e bakang COVID-19. Liphuputso tse 'maloa, ho kenyeletsoa le litlaleho tse boletsoeng ke FDA, li fumane hore leseli la UVC le kanna la ba le ts'ebetso e ts'oanang khahlano le SARS-CoV-2, empa tse ngata ha li so hlahlojoe haholo ke lithaka. Hape, ho na le datha e lekantsoeng e phatlalalitsoeng mabapi le bolelele ba maqhubu, lethal dose, le nako ea mahlaseli a UVC a hlokahalang ho thibela vaerase ea SARS-CoV-2, ho latela FDA. Ho bolelang hore lipatlisiso tse ling lia hlokahala pele mang kapa mang a ka khothaletsa ka molao - le ka mokhoa o sireletsehileng - ho khothaletsa leseli la UVC e le mokhoa o tšepahalang oa ho bolaea coronavirus.

Ho boleloa hore mabone a UV a ntse a sebelisoa ka mokhoa o pharalletseng joalo ka mokhoa oa ho nyopa kahare, mohlala, sistimi ea tlhokomelo ea bophelo. Lebaka le leng? Lipatlisiso li fumane hore mahlaseli a UVC a ka fokotsa phetiso ea li-superbugs tse kholo (joalo ka staph) ka liperesente tse 30. Lipetlele tse ngata (haeba e se tse ngata) li sebelisa roboto e ntšang UVC e boholo bo lekanang le sehatsetsi sa kamore ea ho robala ho hloekisa likamore kaofela, ho bolela Chris Barty, setsebi sa fisiks le moprofesa ea hlahelletseng oa fisiks le bolepi ba linaleli Univesithing ea California, Irvine. Hang ha batho ba tsoa ka phapusing, sesebelisoa se qala ho ntša mahlaseli a UV, ho ikamahanya le boholo ba kamore le lintho tse fapaneng (ke hore meriti, libaka tse thata ho fihlella) ho fana ka leseli ha feela le bona ho hlokahala. Sena se ka nka metsotso e 4-5 bakeng sa likamore tse nyane joalo ka likamore tsa ho hlapela kapa metsotso e 15-25 bakeng sa likamore tse kholoanyane, ho latela Tru-D, mofuta o le mong oa sesebelisoa sena. (FWIW, sena se etsoa ka mokhoa o ts'oanang le ho hloekisa ka letsoho ho sebelisa libolaya-mafu tse amoheloang ke EPA.)

Litsi tse ling tsa bongaka li boetse li sebelisa likhabinete tsa UVC tse nang le mamati ho thibela likokoana-hloko lintho tse nyane joalo ka li-iPads, lifono le li-stethoscopes. Ba bang ba hlile ba kentse lisebelisoa tsa UVC liphaepheng tsa bona tsa moea ho kenya sebolaya likokoana-hloko moeeng, ho bolela Olson - mme, ka lebaka la hore COVID-19 e hasana haholo ka likaroloana tsa aerosol, tlhophiso ena ea utloahala. Leha ho le joalo, lisebelisoa tsena tsa boemo ba bongaka ha lia rereloa tšebeliso ea motho ka mong; ha se feela hore li theko e phahameng haholo, li bitsa ho feta $ 100k, empa hape li hloka koetliso e nepahetseng bakeng sa ts'ebetso e sebetsang, ho eketsa Malley.

Empa haeba u qetile nako e ngata u batlisisa likokoana-hloko tsa COVID-19, ua tseba hore ho na le lisebelisoa tsa UV tsa lapeng le li-gizmos tse kenang 'marakeng ka lebelo la warp hona joale, tseo kaofela li bolelang hore li ka hloekisa ntlo ea hau. (E amanang: Lihlahisoa tse 9 tse Hloahloa tsa Tlhoekiso ea Tlhaho, Ho latela Litsebi)

Na u lokela ho reka lihlahisoa tsa UV tse bolaeang likokoana-hloko?

"Boholo ba lisebelisoa tsa UV tsa ho bolaea likokoana-hloko tseo re li hlahlobileng le ho li hlahloba [ka lipatlisiso tsa rona Univesithing ea New Hampshire] ha li fihlelle maemo a polao ea likokoana-hloko ao ba a bolelang lipapatsong tsa bona," ho bolela Malley. "Boholo ba tsona ha li na motlakase, li entsoe hampe, 'me ba kanna ba re ba bolaea liperesente tsa 99.9 tsa likokoana-hloko, empa ha re li lekola hangata ba fumana likokoana-hloko tse ka tlase ho karolo ea 50 lekholong." (E amanang: Libaka tse 12 Likokoana-hloko li rata ho hola tseo mohlomong u hlokang ho li hloekisa RN)

Barty oa lumela, a re lisebelisoa li hlile li ntša UVC, empa "ha ea lekana ho etsa eng kapa eng ka nako e boletsoeng." Hopola, hore leseli la UV le bolaee likokoana-hloko ka nepo, le hloka ho bonesa nako e itseng le bolelele bo itseng ba bokahohle - mme, ha ho tluoa ho bolaeeng COVID-19 ka nepo, litekanyo tsena ka bobeli e ntse e le TBD, ho latela FDA.

Le ha litsebi li sa kholiseha ka katleho ea lisebelisoa tsa UV tse bolaeang likokoana-hloko khahlanong le coronavirus, haholo-holo bakeng sa tšebeliso ea lapeng, ha ho na ho latola hore, pele ho lefu la seoa, lebone la UVC le ne le bontšitsoe (mme le bile le sebelisitsoe) ho bolaea likokoana-hloko tse ling. Kahoo, haeba u batla ho leka, re, lebone la UV leka, ho ka etsahala hore e tla thusa ho fokotsa ho ata ha likokoana-hloko tse ling tse ipatileng ka tlung ea hau. Lintho tse 'maloa tseo u lokelang ho li boloka kelellong pele u reka:

Mercury ke che-che. Barty o re: "Hangata lipetlele li sebelisa mabone a nang le mouoane oa mercury hobane li khona ho etsa mabone a mangata a UVC le ho bolaea likokoana-hloko ka nako e khutšoanyane," ho bolela Barty. Empa, ICYDK, mercury e chefo. Kahoo, mefuta ena ea mabone a UV e hloka tlhokomelo e eketsehileng nakong ea ho hloekisa le ho lahla, ho latela FDA. Ho feta moo, mabone a mercury a boetse a hlahisa UVA le UVB, tse ka bang kotsi ho letlalo la hao. Batla lisebelisoa tse se nang mercury, joalo ka Casitify's UV sanitizer (E reke, $120 $ 100, casetify.com) kapa tse ngotsoeng "excimer-based," ho bolelang hore ba sebelisa mokhoa o fapaneng (sans-mercury) ho fana ka leseli la UV.

Ela hloko wavelength.Ha se lihlahisoa tsohle tsa UVC tse bōpiloeng li lekana - haholo ha ho tluoa ho wavelengths. Joalokaha ho boletsoe pejana, bolelele ba maqhubu a UVC bo ka ama ts'ebetso ea sesebelisoa ho thibela kokoana-hloko ('me kahoo ea e bolaea). E kanna ea ama le likotsi tsa bophelo bo botle le polokeho tse amanang le ts'ebeliso ea sesebelisoa, ea u siea ke phephetso ea ho fumana sesebelisoa sa UV sa sebolaya likokoana-hloko se matla ho lekana ho bolaea likokoana-hloko ntle le ho hlahisa kotsi e ngata ea bophelo bo botle. Joale nomoro ea boloi ke eng? Kae kapa kae lipakeng tsa 240-280 nm, ho latela Litsi tsa Taolo le Thibelo ea Mafu (CDC). Ha ho buuoa joalo, phuputso ea 2017 e fumane hore maqhubu a marang-rang ho tloha 207-222 nm a ka boela a sebetsa 'me a sireletsehile (le hoja ho se bonolo ho tla, ho ea ka Komisi ea Machaba ea Tšireletso ea Mahlaseli a Non-ionizing). TL; DR - haeba ho u fa khotso ea kelello kapa matšeliso ho bolaea leha e le likokoana-hloko tse 'maloa fonong ea hau, batla lisebelisoa tse ntšang, boholo ba 280 nm.

Nahana ka sefahleho sa hau. Leseli la UVC le sebetsa haholo linthong tse thata, tse se nang mafura, ho latela FDA. Mme e ba le tšekamelo e sa sebetseng holim'a bokaholimo bo nang le makhopho kapa litoropo, kaha tsena li etsa hore ho be thata hore lebone la UV le fihle libakeng tsohle moo vaerase e ka lulang teng, ho hlalosa Barty. Kahoo, ho bolaea likokoana-hloko fonong kapa skrineng sa desktop ho ka ba le litholoana ho feta, re, mmete oa hau. 'Me haeba u hlile u batla ho tsokotsa lebone la UV la sanitizing (e reke, $ 119, amazon.com) joalo ka ha e le leseli la mabone, papali ea hau e ntle ke ho etsa joalo, ka mohlala, countertop ea kichine ea hau (nahana: e boreleli, e sa sebetseng , kokoana-hloko). 

Khetha lihlahisoa tse koalang. Sesebelisoa sa UV se kang wand ha se bethe ea hau e ntlehali, ho bolela Malley. "Lisele tse phelang (batho, liphoofolo tse ruuoang lapeng, limela) ha lia lokela ho pepesetsoa khanya ea UVC ntle le haeba e le maemong a laoloang ka hloko le litsebi tsa bongaka tse koetlisitsoeng hantle le tse nang le boiphihlelo," oa hlalosa. Ke hobane mahlaseli a UVC a ka baka likotsi tsa mahlo (joalo ka photophotokeratitis, haholo-holo leihlo le chesitsoeng ke letsatsi) le letlalo le chesa, ho latela FDA. Kahoo ho e-na le ho hlahisa lihlahisoa tse khanyang tse kang oand kapa lebone, khetha "lisebelisoa tse koetsoeng" tse tlang le "likarolo tsa ts'ireletso (li-switches tse koalang ka ho iketsa, joalo-joalo) ho felisa monyetla oa ho pepesa lisele tse phelang hore li khelohe leseli la UVC," ho bolela Malley. Khetho e 'ngoe e ntle: "Khontheina ea mohala oa hau, haholo haeba [fono ea hau e] siiloe moo nako e telele (ha u ntse u robetse)," joalo ka PhoneSoap's Smartphone UV Sanitizer (E reke, $ 80, phonesoap.com).

Se ke oa sheba leseling. Kaha ha ho tsejoe phello ea nako e telele ea UVC ho batho, ho bohlokoa ho ba hlokolosi haholo ha u sebelisa sesebelisoa. Qoba ho kopana le letlalo ka mokhoa o tsoelang pele 'me u qobe ho shebella khanya, hobane ho pepesehela mahlaseli a UVC ho ka baka likotsi tse bohloko tsa mahlo kapa ho chesa letlalo, ho latela FDA. Empa, ICYMI pejana, lisebelisoa tsa UV tse bolaeang likokoana-hloko tseo u ka li rekang 'gram kapa Amazon, ka mantsoe a Malley, "li matlafalitsoe"' me li tla le likarolo tse iketsang tsa ho koala, ho fokotsa likotsi. Leha ho le joalo, ho molemo ho ba hlokolosi, kaha ha re utloisise ka botlalo likotsi. (E amanang: Na Leseli le Lefubelu le tsoang Nako ea Screen le ka Senya Letlalo la Hao?)

Ntlha ea bohlokoa: "Batla sehlahisoa se nang le buka e hlophisitsoeng hantle le e phethahetseng ea mosebelisi, lintlha tse hlakileng tsa seo sesebelisoa sa UV se fanang ka sona bakeng sa tekanyetso, le bopaki bo bong ba tlhahlobo e ikemetseng ea motho oa boraro ho netefatsa likopo tsa ts'ebetso tse entsoeng ke sehlahisoa," ho fana ka maikutlo a Malley.

Mme ho fihlela ho na le lipatlisiso le lipatlisiso tse ling tsa konkreiti tseo lebone la UVC le ka bolaeang COVID-19, ho ka ba molemo ho khomarela ho hloekisa reg le lihlahisoa tse lumelletsoeng ke CDC, lula u le mafolofolo ka ho sesa sechabeng, 'me ka kopo roala 👏🏻that 👏 🏻 sekoahelo 👏🏻.

Tlhahlobo bakeng sa