Sengoli: John Stephens
Letsatsi La Creation: 23 Pherekhong 2021
Ntlafatsa Letsatsi: 6 November 2024
Anonim
Cholesterol Metabolism, LDL, HDL and other Lipoproteins, Animation
Video: Cholesterol Metabolism, LDL, HDL and other Lipoproteins, Animation

Litaba

Kakaretso

Mohlomong u kile ua utloa mantsoe "lipids" le "cholesterol" a sebelisoa ka ho fapanyetsana mme a nka hore a bolela ntho e le 'ngoe. 'Nete e thata ho feta moo.

Lipids ke limolek'hule tse kang mafura tse potolohang maling a hau. Li ka boela tsa fumanoa liseleng le liseleng ho pholletsa le 'mele oa hau.

Ho na le mefuta e 'maloa ea lipids, eo k'holeseterole e tsejoang ka ho fetisisa.

Cholesterol ke karolo ea lipid, karolo ea protheine. Ke ka lebaka leo mefuta e fapaneng ea k'holeseterole e bitsoang lipoprotein.

Mofuta o mong oa lipid ke triglyceride.

Mosebetsi oa lipids 'meleng oa hau

'Mele oa hau o hloka lipids ho lula o phetse hantle. Ka mohlala, cholesterol e liseleng tsohle tsa hao. 'Mele oa hau o etsa k'holeseterole eo e e hlokang, e thusang' mele oa hau ho hlahisa:


  • lihormone tse itseng
  • vithamine D
  • li-enzyme tse u thusang ho sila lijo
  • lintho tse hlokahalang bakeng sa ts'ebetso ea lisele tse phetseng hantle

U boetse u fumana k'holeseterole e tsoang lijong tsa liphoofolo tse lijong tsa hau, joalo ka:

  • mahe a mahe
  • lebese le tletseng mafura
  • nama e khubelu
  • nama ea fariki

Li-cholesterol tse itekanetseng 'meleng oa hau li hantle. Mefuta e phahameng ea lipids, boemo bo tsejoang e le hyperlipidemia, kapa dyslipidemia, bo phahamisa kotsi ea lefu la pelo.

Lipoprotein tse nang le bongata bo tlase khahlanong le lipoprotein tse nang le letsoalo le phahameng

Mefuta e 'meli e meholo ea k'holeseterole ke lipoprotein (LDL) le li-lipoprotein (HDL) tse phahameng.

Cholesterol ea LDL

LDL e nkoa e le "cholesterol" e mpe hobane e ka etsa pokello ea boka e bitsoang plaque methapong ea hau.

Lejoe le etsa hore methapo ea hau ea pelo e tiee. E ka koala methapo ea hau, ea etsa sebaka se fokolang sa mali ho potoloha. Ts'ebetso ena e bitsoa atherosclerosis. Mohlomong u kile oa ba oa utloa ha ho thoe ke "ho thatafala ha methapo."


Majoe a ka phatloha, a qhala k'holeseterole le mafura a mang le lihlahisoa tsa litšila maling a hao.

E le ho arabela ho phatloha, lisele tsa mali tse bitsoang li-platelet li potlakela sebakeng seo 'me li theha mahloele a mali ho thusa ho boloka lintho tsa kantle ho naha tse maling hona joale.

Haeba lesela la mali le leholo ka ho lekana, le ka thibela phallo ea mali ka botlalo. Ha sena se etsahala ho o mong oa methapo ea pelo, e bitsoang methapo ea mali, sephetho ke lefu la pelo.

Ha lesela la mali le thibela methapo bokong kapa mothapo o isang mali bokong, o ka baka setorouku.

Cholesterol ea HDL

HDL e tsejoa e le "cholesterol" e ntle hobane mosebetsi oa eona o ka sehloohong ke ho fiela LDL maling a hao ebe o khutlela sebeteng.

Ha LDL e khutlela sebeteng, k'holeseterole e robeha ebe e fetisoa ke 'mele. HDL e emela feela karolo ea 1/4 ho ea ho 1/3 ea k'holeseterole e maling.

Mefuta e phahameng ea LDL e amahanngoa le kotsi e kholo ea tlhaselo ea pelo le stroke. Maemong a phahameng a HDL, ka lehlakoreng le leng, a amahanngoa le likotsi tse tlase tsa lefu la pelo.


Litlhapi

Triglycerides e thusa ho boloka mafura liseleng tsa hau tseo u ka li sebelisang bakeng sa matla. Haeba u ja ho tlōla 'me u sa ikoetlise, litekanyetso tsa hau tsa triglyceride li ka phahama. Ho noa joala ho feta tekano hape ho na le kotsi ea li-triglycerides tse phahameng.

Joalo ka LDL, maemo a phahameng a triglyceride a bonahala a hokahane le lefu la pelo. Seo se bolela hore ba ka hlahisa kotsi ea lefu la pelo le stroke.

Ho lekanya maemo a lipid

Teko e bonolo ea mali e ka senola maemo a hau a HDL, LDL le triglycerides. Liphetho li lekantsoe ka milligrams ka desilitara (mg / dL). Mona ke lipheo tse tloaelehileng tsa maemo a lipid:

LDL<130 mg / dL
HDL> 40 mg / dL
triglycerides<150 mg / dL

Leha ho le joalo, ho fapana le ho tsepamisa maikutlo ho linomoro tse itseng, ngaka ea hau e ka khothaletsa liphetoho tse fapaneng tsa bophelo ho thusa ho theola kotsi ea hau ea lefu la pelo.

Mokhoa o tloaelehileng oa ho bala k'holeseterole ea LDL o nkile k'holeseterole e felletseng ntle le HDL cholesterol minus triglycerides e arotsoeng ka 5.

Leha ho le joalo, bafuputsi ba Johns Hopkins ba fumane mokhoa ona o sa nepahala ho batho ba bang, ho etsa hore maemo a LDL a bonahale a le tlase ho feta kamoo a neng a le kateng, haholo ha triglycerides e ne e le kaholimo ho 150 mg / dL.

Ho tloha ka nako eo, bafuputsi ba hlahisitse foromo e rarahaneng ho feta ea lipalo tsena.

Ke khopolo e ntle hore lisele tsa k'holeseterole ea hao li hlahlojoe lilemo tse ling le tse ling tse seng kae, ntle le haeba ngaka ea hao e buella ho hlahlojoa khafetsa.

Haeba u se u kile ua ba le lefu la pelo kapa stroke, u ka ’na ua eletsoa hore k’holeseterole ea hao e hlahlojoe selemo le selemo kapa khafetsa.

Khothaletso e ts'oanang e sebetsa ha o na le mabaka a kotsi a lefu la pelo joalo ka:

  • khatello e phahameng ea mali
  • lefu la tsoekere
  • nalane ea ho tsuba
  • nalane ea lelapa ea lefu la pelo

Ngaka ea hau e kanna ea batla ho odara tlhahlobo ea k'holeseterole e tloaelehileng haeba u sa tsoa qala meriana ho thusa ho theola boemo ba hau ba LDL ho bona hore na sethethefatsi seo sea sebetsa.

Maemo a LDL a atisa ho phahama ha batho ba ntse ba tsofala. Ho tšoanang ha ho joalo bakeng sa maemo a HDL. Ho lula fatše ho ka lebisa maemong a tlase a HDL le LDL e phahameng le linomoro tsohle tsa k'holeseterole.

Kalafo

Dyslipidemia ke kotsi e kholo ea lefu la pelo, empa ho batho ba bangata, ea phekoleha. Hammoho le phetoho ea phepo le mokhoa oa bophelo, batho ba nang le maemo a phahameng a LDL hangata ba hloka meriana ho thusa ho boloka maemo a LDL a le maemong a matle.

Lipolelo ke tse ling tsa meriana e sebelisoang haholo ho thusa ho laola k'holeseterole. Meriana ena hangata e mamelloa hantle ebile e sebetsa haholo.

Hona le mefuta ea liemahale tse rekisoang. E 'ngoe le e' ngoe e sebetsa ka tsela e fapaneng hanyane, empa kaofela li etselitsoe ho theola maemo a LDL maling.

Haeba u laetsoe statin, empa u na le litla-morao tse kang bohloko ba mesifa, bolella ngaka ea hau. Tekanyo e tlase kapa mofuta o fapaneng oa statin e ka sebetsa mme ea fokotsa litlamorao.

U kanna ua hloka ho sebelisa li-statin kapa sethethefatsi se seng se theolang k'holeseterole bophelo bohle. Ha ua lokela ho khaotsa ho noa meriana ntle le haeba ngaka ea hau eu laela hore u e etse, leha u se u fihletse lipheo tsa hau tsa k'holeseterole.

Meriana e meng e thusang ho theola maemo a LDL le triglyceride e ka kenyelletsa:

  • methapo e tlamang ea acid acid
  • cholesterol absorption inhibitors
  • motswako oa cholesterol absorption inhibitor le statin
  • likhoele
  • niacin
  • motsoako oa statin le niacin
  • PCSK9 inhibitors

Ka meriana le bophelo bo botle ba bophelo, batho ba bangata ba ka atleha ho laola k'holeseterole ea bona.

Malebela a ho laola k'holeseterole

Ntle le li-statin kapa meriana e meng e theolang k'holeseterole, o ka khona ho ntlafatsa boemo ba hau ba lipid ka tse ling tsa liphetoho tse latelang tsa bophelo:

  • Ja lijo tse nang le k'holeseterole e ngata le mafura a mangata, joalo ka e kenyang nama e khubelu haholo, nama e mafura le lebese le mafura kaofela. Leka ho ja lijo-thollo tse ngata, linate, fiber, litholoana le meroho. Lijo tse matlafatsang pelo le tsona li na le tsoekere le letsoai le tlase. Haeba o hloka thuso ho nts'etsapele mofuta ona oa lijo, ngaka ea hau e ka fetisetsa ho setsebi sa phepo.
  • Ikoetlise ka ho fetesisa, haeba e se kaofela, matsatsi a beke. American Heart Association e khothaletsa bonyane boikoetliso bo matla ba metsotso e 150, joalo ka ho tsamaea ka potlako beke e 'ngoe le e' ngoe. Ho ikoetlisa ho feta ho amahanngoa le maemo a tlase a LDL le maemo a phahameng a HDL.
  • Latela litlhahiso tsa ngaka ea hau bakeng sa mosebetsi o tloaelehileng oa mali 'me u ele hloko litekanyetso tsa lipid. Liphetho tsa hau tsa lab li ka fetoha haholo ho tloha selemo se seng ho ea ho se seng. Ho ja lijo tse matlafatsang pelo ka ho ikoetlisa khafetsa, ho fokotsa joala, ho se tsube, le ho noa meriana ea hau joalokaha ho laetsoe ho ka thusa ho ntlafatsa k'holeseterole le triglycerides le ho fokotsa menyetla ea lefu la pelo.

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