Nka thusa moratuoa oa ka joang hore a etse liqeto tse nang le tsebo e eketsehileng mabapi le kalafo ea Parkinson?
Litaba
- Meriana ea Dopamine
- Carbidopa-levodopa
- Dopamine agonists
- MAO B inhibitors
- Lisebelisoa tsa COMT
- Lithethefatsi tse ling tsa Parkinson
- Li-anticholinergics
- Amantadine
- Ho khomarela kemiso ea kalafo
- Ho etsahalang ha meriana ea Parkinson e emisa ho sebetsa
- Tsa Tsau-tsau
Bafuputsi ha ba so fumane pheko ea lefu la Parkinson, empa kalafo e tsoa hole lilemong tsa morao tjena. Kajeno, meriana e fapaneng e fapaneng le liphekolo tse ling li teng ho laola matšoao a kang ho thothomela le ho satalla.
Ho bohlokoa hore moratuoa oa hau a noe meriana ea bona hantle joalo ka ha ngaka e laetse. U ka fana ka tšehetso le likhopotso tse bonolo.
Ho ba thuso, o hloka ho tseba hore na ke meriana efe e alafang lefu la Parkinson, le hore na e sebetsa joang.
Meriana ea Dopamine
Batho ba nang le Parkinson ba haelloa ke dopamine, e leng k'hemik'hale ea boko e thusang ho boloka metsamao e boreleli. Ke ka hona batho ba nang le boemo bona ba tsamaeang butle mme ba nang le mesifa e thata. Meriana e ka sehloohong e sebelisetsoang ho phekola mosebetsi oa Parkinson ka ho eketsa palo ea dopamine bokong.
Carbidopa-levodopa
Moriana o bitsoang levodopa, kapa L-DOPA, esale e le kalafo e ka sehloohong ea lefu la Parkinson ho tloha lilemong tsa bo-1960. E ntse e tsoela pele ho ba setlhare se sebetsang ka ho fetesisa hobane e nka sebaka sa dopamine e haellang bokong.
Batho ba bangata ba nang le lefu la Parkinson ba tla nka levodopa nako e itseng nakong ea kalafo ea bona. Levodopa e fetoloa dopamine bokong.
Meriana e mengata e kopanya levodopa le carbidopa. Carbidopa e thibela levodopa ho senyeha ka maleng kapa likarolong tse ling tsa 'mele ebe ee fetola dopamine pele e fihla bokong. Ho eketsa carbidopa ho boetse ho thusa ho thibela litla-morao tse kang ho nyekeloa ke pelo le ho hlatsa.
Carbidopa-levodopa e tla ka mefuta e fapaneng e fapaneng:
- Letlapa (Parcopa, Sinemet)
- Letlapa le hlahisang butle hore litlamorao tsa lona li tšoarelle nako e telele (Rytary, Sinemet CR)
- infusion e tlisoang ka maleng ka pompo (Duopa)
- inhaled phofo (Inbrija)
Litla-morao tsa lithethefatsi tsena li kenyelletsa:
- ho nyekeloa ke pelo
- ho tsekela
- ho ba le botsoa ha u ema (orthostatic hypotension)
- ho tšoenyeha
- litlhapi kapa mekhoa e meng e sa tloaelehang ea mesifa (dyskinesia)
- pherekano
- ho bona kapa ho utloa lintho tseo e seng tsa nnete (lipono)
- boroko
Dopamine agonists
Meriana ena ha e fetohe dopamine bokong. Sebakeng seo, ba itšoara joaloka dopamine. Batho ba bang ba nka li-agonists tsa dopamine hammoho le levodopa ho thibela matšoao a bona ho khutla nakong ea ha levodopa e fela.
Dopamine agonists e kenyelletsa:
- pramipexole (Mirapex, Mirapex ER), Letlapa le letlapa le lokolloang
- ropinirole (Requip, Requip XL), letlapa le letlapa le le atolositsoeng
- apomorphine (Apokyn), ente e sebetsang nakoana
- rotigotine (Neupro), setsiba
Meriana ena e baka litla-morao tse tšoanang le carbidopa-levodopa, ho kenyelletsa ho nyekeloa ke pelo, ho ba le botsoa le ho robala. Li ka baka boits'oaro bo qobelloang, joalo ka papali ea chelete le ho ja ho tlōla.
MAO B inhibitors
Sehlopha sena sa lithethefatsi se sebetsa ka tsela e fapaneng le ea levodopa ho eketsa maemo a dopamine bokong. Li thibela enzyme e senyang dopamine, e eketsang litlamorao tsa dopamine 'meleng.
MAO B inhibitors e kenyelletsa:
- selegiline (Zelapar)
- rasagiline (Tsebo)
- safinamide (Xadago)
Lithethefatsi tsena li ka baka litla-morao tse kang:
- ho robala ka thata (ho hlobaela)
- ho tsekela
- ho nyekeloa ke pelo
- pipitlelano
- ho koata mala
- mekhatlo e sa tloaelehang (dyskinesia)
- lipono
- pherekano
- hlooho e opang
MAO B inhibitors e ka sebelisana le tse ling:
- lijo
- litlhare tse rekisoang
- meriana ea ngaka
- litlatsetso
Etsa bonnete ba hore u bua le ngaka ea hau ka meriana eohle le li-supplement tseo u li ratang.
Lisebelisoa tsa COMT
Lithethefatsi entacopine (Comtan) le tolcapone (Tasmar) le tsona li thibela enzyme e pshatlang dopamine bokong. Stalevo ke setlhare se kopaneng se kenyeletsang carbidopa-levodopa le inhibitor ea COMT.
Li-inhibitors tsa COMT li baka litla-morao tse ngata tse tšoanang le carbidopa-levodopa. Li ka boela tsa senya sebete.
Lithethefatsi tse ling tsa Parkinson
Le ha lithethefatsi tse eketsang maemo a dopamine e le lijo tsa mantlha tsa kalafo ea Parkinson, meriana e 'maloa e boetse e thusa ho laola matšoao.
Li-anticholinergics
Trihexyphenidyl (Artane) le benztropine (Cogentin) li fokotsa ho thothomela ho tsoang lefung la Parkinson. Litla-morao tsa bona li kenyelletsa:
- mahlo a omileng le molomo
- pipitlelano
- bothata ba ho ntsha moroto
- mathata a ho hopola
- ho tepella maikutlo
- lipono
Amantadine
Meriana ena e ka thusa batho ba nang le lefu la Parkinson la nako ea pele ba nang le matšoao a bobebe feela. E ka boela ea kopanngoa le kalafo ea carbidopa-levodopa maemong a morao-rao a lefu lena.
Litla-morao li kenyelletsa:
- ho ruruha leoto
- ho tsekela
- matheba letlalong
- pherekano
- mahlo a omileng le molomo
- pipitlelano
- boroko
Ho khomarela kemiso ea kalafo
Kalafo ea pele ea lefu la Parkinson e latela tloaelo e bonolo haholo. Moratuoa oa hau o tla nka carbidopa- levodopa makhetlo a 'maloa ka letsatsi ka kemiso e behiloeng.
Kamora lilemo tse 'maloa kalafo, lisele tsa boko li lahleheloa ke matla a ho boloka dopamine le ho ba bonolo haholoanyane ho sethethefatsi. Sena se ka etsa hore tekanyetso ea pele ea meriana e emise ho sebetsa pele ho nako ea tekanyetso e latelang, e bitsoang "ho felloa ke matla."
Ha sena se etsahala, ngaka ea moratuoa oa hau o tla sebetsa le bona ho fetola lethal dose kapa ho eketsa moriana o mong ho thibela linako tsa "ho tima". Ho ka nka nako le mamello ho fumana mofuta oa sethethefatsi le tekanyetso hantle.
Batho ba nang le lefu la Parkinson ba nkileng levodopa ka lilemo tse 'maloa le bona ba ka ba le "dyskinesia", e bakang metsamao e sa ithaopeng. Lingaka li ka fetola meriana ho fokotsa dyskinesia.
Nako e bohlokoa ha ho tluoa litabeng tsa ho noa meriana ea Parkinson. Ho laola matšoao, moratuoa oa hau o lokela ho noa meriana ea hae ka lethal dose le ka nako e nepahetseng letsatsi ka leng. U ka thusa nakong ea liphetoho tsa meriana ka ho ba hopotsa ho noa lipilisi lenaneong le lecha, kapa ka ho ba rekela monehelo oa lipilisi ho etsa hore li-dosing li be bonolo.
Ho etsahalang ha meriana ea Parkinson e emisa ho sebetsa
Kajeno, lingaka li na le meriana e mengata e fapaneng ho laola matšoao a Parkinson. Ho ka etsahala hore moratuoa oa hau a fumane sethethefatsi se le seng - kapa motswako oa lithethefatsi - se sebetsang.
Mefuta e meng ea kalafo le eona ea fumaneha, ho kenyeletsoa le ts'isinyeho e tebileng ea boko (DBS). Kalafong ena, ho buuoa ka terata e bitsoang loto karolong e itseng ea boko e laolang motsamao. Terata e hokahantsoe le sesebelisoa se kang pacemaker se bitsoang jenereithara ea tšusumetso e kentsoeng tlasa molala. Sesebelisoa sena se romela methapo ea motlakase ho hlasimolla boko le ho emisa tšusumetso e sa tloaelehang ea boko e bakang matšoao a Parkinson.
Tsa Tsau-tsau
Kalafo ea Parkinson e ntle haholo ho laola matšoao. Mefuta ea lithethefatsi le litekanyetso tseo moratuoa oa hau a li nkang li ka hloka ho fetoloa ho theosa le lilemo. U ka thusa ka ts'ebetso ena ka ho ithuta ka meriana e fumanehang, le ka ho fana ka ts'ehetso ho thusa moratuoa oa hau ho khomarela mokhoa oa hae oa kalafo.