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Khatello ea mali ke tekanyo ea matla a sebelisoang maboteng a methapo ea hau ha pelo ea hau e pompa mali 'meleng oa hau. Khatello ea mali e phahameng (hypertension) ke keketseho ea matla ana. Sengoliloeng sena se shebile khatello e phahameng ea mali ho bana, eo hangata e bakoang ke ho ba motenya haholo.

Ho baloa khatello ea mali ho fanoa ka linomoro tse peli. Litekanyo tsa khatello ea mali li ngotsoe ka tsela ena: 120/80. E le 'ngoe kapa tse peli tsa lipalo tsena li ka ba holimo haholo.

  • Nomoro ea pele (holimo) ke khatello ea mali ea systolic.
  • Nomoro ea bobeli (tlase) ke khatello ea diastolic.

Khatello ea mali e phahameng ho bana ho fihlela lilemo tse 13 e lekantsoe ka tsela e fapaneng le ea batho ba baholo. Lebaka ke hore se nkoang e le khatello e tloaelehileng ea mali sea fetoha ha ngoana a ntse a hola. Linomoro tsa khatello ea mali ea ngoana li bapisoa le litekanyo tsa khatello ea mali tsa bana ba bang ba lilemo tse lekanang, bophahamo le bong.

Matšoao a khatello ea mali ho bana ba lilemo li 1 ho isa ho tse 13 a phatlalatsoa ke lefapha la mmuso. U ka botsa mofani oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo ba hau. Ho bala khatello e sa tloaelehang ea khatello ea mali ho hlalosoa ka tsela e latelang:


  • Khatello e phahameng ea mali
  • Mothati oa 1 oa khatello e phahameng ea mali
  • Mothati oa 2 khatello e phahameng ea mali

Bana ba baholo ho feta lilemo tse 13 ba latela tataiso e tšoanang bakeng sa khatello e phahameng ea mali le batho ba baholo.

Lintho tse ngata li ka ama khatello ea mali, ho kenyelletsa:

  • Maemo a hormone
  • Bophelo bo botle ba tsamaiso ea methapo, pelo le methapo ea mali
  • Bophelo bo botle ba liphio

Boholo ba nako, ha ho na lebaka la khatello e phahameng ea mali le fumanoang. Sena se bitsoa khatello ea kelello ea mantlha (ea bohlokoa).

Leha ho le joalo, lintlha tse ling li ka eketsa kotsi ea khatello e phahameng ea mali ho bana:

  • Ho ba motenya haholo kapa ho ba motenya
  • Nalane ea lelapa ea khatello e phahameng ea mali
  • Peiso - Maafrika a Amerika a kotsing e kholo ea khatello e phahameng ea mali
  • Ho ba le lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 2 kapa tsoekere e phahameng maling
  • Ho ba le k'holeseterole e phahameng
  • Mathata a ho hema nakong ea boroko, joalo ka ho tsubella kapa ho koaleha moea ka nakoana borokong
  • Lefu la liphio
  • Nalane ea pelehi kapa boima bo tlase ba 'mele

Ho bana ba bangata, khatello e phahameng ea mali e amana le ho ba motenya haholo.


Khatello ea mali e phahameng e ka bakoa ke bothata bo bong ba bophelo bo botle. E ka boela ea bakoa ke moriana o nooang ke ngoana oa hau. Lisosa tsa bobeli li atile haholo ho masea le bana ba banyenyane. Lisosa tse tloaelehileng li kenyelletsa:

  • Mathata a qoqotho
  • Mathata a pelo
  • Mathata a liphio
  • Lihlahala tse ling
  • Ho koaleha moea ka nakoana borokong
  • Meriana e kang li-steroid, lipilisi tsa thibelo ea bokhachane, li-NSAID, le meriana e meng e batang e batang

Khatello ea mali e phahameng e tla khutlela setloaeling hang ha moriana o emisoa kapa boemo bo phekotsoe.

Khatello ea mali e phetseng hantle ka ho fetisisa bakeng sa bana e ipapisitse le bong ba ngoana, bophahamo le lilemo tsa hae. Mofani oa hao oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo a ka u joetsa hore na khatello ea mali ea ngoana oa hau e lokela ho ba eng.

Boholo ba bana ha ba na matšoao a khatello e phahameng ea mali. Khatello ea mali e phahameng hangata e fumanoa nakong ea tlhahlobo ha mofani a hlahloba khatello ea mali ea ngoana oa hau.

Maemong a mangata, lets'oao feela la khatello e phahameng ea mali ke ho lekanya khatello ea mali ka boyona. Bakeng sa bana ba boima bo phetseng hantle, khatello ea mali e lokela ho nkuoa selemo se seng le se seng ho qala ka lilemo tsa 3. Ho fumana palo e nepahetseng, mofani oa ngoana oa hau o tla sebelisa sekhapha sa khatello ea mali se lekanang ngoana oa hau hantle.


Haeba khatello ea mali ea ngoana oa hau e phahame, mofani oa thepa o lokela ho lekanya khatello ea mali habeli mme a nke litekanyo tse peli tsa litekanyo.

Khatello ea mali e lokela ho nkuoa ketelong e ngoe le e ngoe bakeng sa bana ba:

  • Ba batenya
  • Noa moriana o phahamisang khatello ea mali
  • E-ba le lefu la liphio
  • Ho ba le mathata ka methapo ea mali e lebisang pelong
  • E-ba le lefu la tsoekere

Mofani oa thepa o tla lekanya khatello ea mali ea ngoana oa hau makhetlo a mangata pele a ka hlahloba ngoana oa hau ka khatello e phahameng ea mali.

Mofani o tla botsa ka nalane ea lelapa, nalane ea boroko ea ngoana oa hau, lisosa tsa kotsi, le lijo tseo a li jang.

Mofani oa thepa o tla etsa tlhahlobo ea 'mele ho sheba matšoao a lefu la pelo, tšenyo ea mahlo le liphetoho tse ling' meleng oa ngoana oa hau.

Liteko tse ling tseo mofani oa ngoana oa hau a ka batlang ho li etsa li kenyelletsa:

  • Liteko tsa mali le moroto
  • Teko ea tsoekere ea mali
  • Echocardiogram
  • Ultrasound ea liphio
  • Ho ithuta boroko ho fumana ho koaleha moea ka nakoana borokong

Morero oa kalafo ke ho fokotsa khatello e phahameng ea mali e le hore ngoana oa hau a be le kotsi e tlase ea mathata. Mofani oa ngoana oa hau a ka u joetsa hore na sepheo sa khatello ea mali ea ngoana oa hau se lokela ho ba eng.

Haeba ngoana oa hau a phahamisitse khatello e phahameng ea mali, mofani oa hau o tla khothaletsa liphetoho tsa bophelo ho thusa ho theola khatello ea mali ea ngoana oa hau.

Mekhoa e metle ea bophelo bo botle e ka thusa ngoana oa hau hore a se hlole a theola boima ba 'mele, a theole boima ba' mele le khatello e tlase ea mali. Ho sebetsa hammoho le le lelapa ke tsela e molemohali ea ho thusa ngoana oa hau ho theola boima ba 'mele. Sebetsang 'moho ho thusa ngoana oa hau:

  • Latela lijo tsa DASH, tse nang le letsoai le nang le litholoana le meroho e mengata, nama e se nang mafura, lijo-thollo kaofela le lebese le se nang mafura a mangata kapa le se nang mafura
  • Fokotsa lino tse nang le tsoekere le lijo tse nang le tsoekere e eketsehileng
  • Fumana boikoetliso ba metsotso e 30 ho isa ho e 60 ka letsatsi
  • Fokotsa nako ea skrine le mesebetsi e meng ea ho lula fatše ho isa tlase ho lihora tse 2 ka letsatsi
  • Fumana boroko bo bongata

Khatello ea mali ea ngoana oa hau e tla hlahlojoa hape ka likhoeli tse 6. Haeba e lula e le holimo, khatello ea mali e tla hlahlojoa maotong a ngoana oa hau. Joale khatello ea mali e tla hlahlojoa hape ka likhoeli tse 12. Haeba khatello ea mali e lula e phahame, mofani oa thepa a ka khothaletsa ho lekola khatello ea mali khafetsa ho feta lihora tse 24 ho isa ho tse 48. Sena se bitsoa tlhahlobo ea khatello ea mali ea ambulense. Ngoana oa hau le eena a ka hloka ho bona pelo kapa ngaka ea liphio.

Liteko tse ling le tsona li ka etsoa ho batla:

  • Lebelo le phahameng la k'holeseterole
  • Lefu la tsoekere (Teko ea A1C)
  • Lefu la pelo, ho sebelisa liteko tse kang echocardiogram kapa electrocardiogram
  • Lefu la liphio, ho sebelisoa liteko tse kang karolo ea mantlha ea metabolic le urinalysis kapa ultrasound ea liphio

Ts'ebetso e ts'oanang e tla etsahala bakeng sa bana ba nang le sethala sa 1 kapa sethala 2 khatello e phahameng ea mali. Leha ho le joalo, liteko tsa tlhahlobo le phetisetso ea litsebi li tla etsahala libekeng tse 1 ho isa ho tse 2 mohatong oa 1 oa khatello ea mali, 'me kamora beke e le' ngoe bakeng sa khatello ea mali e phahameng ea mohato oa bobeli.

Haeba liphetoho tsa bophelo ka botsona li sa sebetse, kapa ngoana oa hau a na le mabaka a mang a kotsi, ngoana oa hau a ka hloka meriana ea khatello e phahameng ea mali. Meriana ea khatello ea mali e sebelisoang khafetsa bakeng sa bana e kenyelletsa:

  • Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
  • Angiotensin receptor blockers
  • Beta-blockers
  • Lisebelisoa tsa calcium channel
  • Li-diuretics

Mofani oa ngoana oa hau a ka khothaletsa hore o behe khatello ea mali ea ngoana hae hae. Tlhokomelo ea lapeng e ka thusa ho bonts'a hore na liphetoho tsa bophelo kapa meriana ea sebetsa.

Boholo ba nako, khatello e phahameng ea mali ho bana e ka laoloa ka liphetoho tsa bophelo le meriana, ha ho hlokahala.

Khatello ea mali e sa laoloang ho bana e ka baka mathata ha e se e le batho ba baholo, a ka kenyeletsang:

  • Leqeba
  • Lefu la pelo
  • Ho hloleha ha pelo
  • Lefu la liphio

Bitsa mofani oa ngoana oa hau haeba tlhahlobo ea lapeng e bontša hore khatello ea mali ea ngoana oa hau e ntse e le holimo.

Mofani oa ngoana oa hau o tla lekanya khatello ea mali ea ngoana oa hau bonyane hang ka selemo, ho qala a le lilemo li 3.

U ka thusa ho thibela khatello e phahameng ea mali ho ngoana oa hau ka ho latela liphetoho tsa bophelo tse reretsoeng ho tlisa khatello ea mali tlase.

Ho fetisetsoa ho ngaka ea bana ea nephrologist ho ka buelloa ho bana le bacha ba nang le khatello ea meriana.

Hypertension - bana; HBP - bana; Khatello ea mali ea bana

Baker-Smith CM, Flinn SK, Flynn JT, le al; BOIKOKOBETSO KA HO SENOLA LE BOPHELO BA BP E HOLO BANA. Ho lemoha, ho lekola le ho laola khatello e phahameng ea mali ho bana le bacha. Lingaka tsa bana. 2018; 142 (3) e20182096. PMID: 30126937 www.pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30126937.

Coleman DM, Eliason JL, Stanley JC. Mathata a ntlafatso ea ntlafatso ea methapo ea pelo le aortic. Ka: Sidawy AN, Perler BA, bahlophisi. Rutherford's Vasculry and Endovascular Therapy. La 9th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: khaolo ea 130.

CD ea Hanevold, Flynn JT. Matšoenyeho a phahameng ho bana: tlhahlobo le kalafo. Ka: Bakris GL, Sorrentino MJ, bahlophisi. Hypertension: Motsoalle ho Mafu a Pelo a Braunwald. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: khaolo ea 17.

Macumber IR, Flynn JT. Sesebelisoa sa khatello ea mali. Ka: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, bahlophisi. Buka ea Nelson ea Pediatrics. La 21 Ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: khaolo ea 472.

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