Litsebi tsa kelello

Neurosciences (kapa neurosciences ea bongaka) e bua ka lekala la bongaka le shebaneng le sistimi ea methapo. Sistimi ea methapo e entsoe ka likarolo tse peli:

• Sistimi e bohareng ea methapo (CNS) e na le boko le mokokotlo oa mokokotlo.
• Sisteme ea methapo ea methapo e na le methapo eohle ea hau, ho kenyeletsoa le tsamaiso ea methapo e ikemetseng, kantle ho boko le mokokotlo oa mokokotlo, ho kenyeletsoa le matsohong, maotong le kutung ea 'mele.

Hammoho, boko ba hao le lesapo la mokokotlo li sebetsa joalo ka "setsi sa ts'ebetso" sa tsamaiso eohle ea methapo, le ho laola mesebetsi eohle ea 'mele oa hau.

Maemo a fapaneng a bongaka a ka ama tsamaiso ea methapo, ho kenyelletsa:

• Mathata a methapo ea mali bokong, ho kenyelletsa le ho senyeha ha methapo le li-aneurysms tsa bokong
• Lihlahala, tse kotsi le tse kotsi (mofetše)
• Maloetse a fokolang, ho kenyelletsa lefu la Alzheimer le lefu la Parkinson
• Mathata a tšoelesa ea pituitary
• Sethoathoa
• Ho opeloa ke hlooho, ho kenyelletsa le migraine
• Likotsi tsa hlooho tse kang likhohlano le khatello ea kelello
• Mathata a tsamaiso, joalo ka ho thothomela le lefu la Parkinson
• Ho tlosa mafu joalo ka multiple sclerosis
• Maloetse a Neuro-ophthalmologic, e leng mathata a pono a bakoang ke tšenyo ea methapo ea mahlo kapa khokahano ea eona le boko.
• Maloetse a methapo ea pelo (neuropathy), a amang methapo e tsamaisang tlhahisoleseling ho tsoa le bokong le mokokotlong
• Mathata a kelello, a kang schizophrenia
• Mathata a mokokotlo
• Ts'oaetso, joalo ka meningitis
• Leqeba

LITEKO LE TEKO

Lingaka tsa methapo le litsebi tse ling tsa methapo ea kutlo li sebelisa liteko tse ikhethang le mekhoa ea ho nka litšoantšo ho bona hore na methapo le boko li sebetsa joang.

Ntle le liteko tsa mali le moroto, liteko tse entsoeng ho fumana mafu a methapo li ka kenyelletsa:

• Khomphutha ea tomography (CT scan)
• Lumbar puncture (pompong ea mokokotlo) ho hlahloba tšoaetso ea mokokotlo le boko, kapa ho lekanya khatello ea mokelikeli oa mokokotlo oa mokokotlo (CSF)
• Litšoantšo tsa Magnetic resonance (MRI) kapa magnetic resonance angiography (MRA)
• Electroencephalography (EEG) ho sheba tšebetso ea boko
• Electromyography (EMG) ho leka ts'ebetso ea methapo le mesifa
• Electronystagmography (ENG) ho lekola metsamao e sa tloaelehang ea mahlo, e ka bang sesupo sa lefu la boko
• Bokhoni bo tlositsoeng (kapa karabelo e hlahisitsoeng), e shebileng kamoo boko bo arabelang melumo, pono, le ho ama
• Magnetoencephalography (MEG)
• Myelogram ea mokokotlo ho fumana kotsi ea methapo
• Teko ea conduction velocity velocity (NCV)
• Teko ea methapo ea kutlo (tlhahlobo ea methapo ea kutlo)
• Polysomnogram ho bona hore na boko bo sebetsa joang nakong ea boroko
• Sesebelisoa se le seng sa photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) le positron emission tomography (PET) e shebang tšebetso ea ts'ebetso ea methapo ea boko.
• Biopsy ea boko, methapo, letlalo, kapa mesifa ho fumana hore na ho na le bothata ka tsamaiso ea methapo

LITLHARE

Neuroradiology ke lekala la moriana oa methapo ea kutlo o shebaneng le ho fumana le ho phekola mathata a tsamaiso ea methapo.

Phekolo ea methapo ea kutlo e kenyelletsa ho kenya li-tubes tse nyane tse tenyetsehang tse bitsoang li-catheters methapong ea mali e lebisang bokong. Sena se lumella ngaka ho alafa mathata a methapo ea mali a ka amang tsamaiso ea methapo, joalo ka stroke.

Mefuta e meng ea kalafo ea neuroradiology e kenyelletsa:

• Balloon angioplasty le stenting ea carotid kapa vertebral artery
• Ho koahela methapo ea methapo le ho kopanya ho phekola li-aneurysms tsa boko
• Phekolo ea kahare ea methapo bakeng sa setorouku
• Ocology ea mahlaseli a boko le mokokotlo
• Li-biopsies tsa nale, mokokotlo le lisele tse bonolo
• Kyphoplasty le vertebroplasty ho phekola ho robeha ha lesapo la mokokotlo

Ho sebetsa ka methapo e bulehileng kapa ea setso ho ka hlokahala maemong a mang ho sebetsana le mathata bokong le mehahong e haufi. Ena ke ts'ebetso e hlaselang haholo e hlokang hore ngaka e buoang e bule, e bitsoang craniotomy, ka lehata.

Microsurgery e lumella ngaka e buoang ho sebetsa mehahong e menyenyane haholo bokong e sebelisa microscope le lisebelisoa tse nyane haholo, tse nepahetseng.

Ho ka hlokahala li-radiosurgery tsa stereotactic bakeng sa mefuta e meng ea mathata a tsamaiso ea methapo. Ona ke mofuta oa kalafo ea radiation e shebileng x-ray e nang le matla a mangata sebakeng se senyane sa 'mele, ka tsela eo e qoba tšenyo ea lisele tsa boko tse haufi.

Kalafo ea mafu kapa mathata a amanang le methapo e ka kenyelletsa:

• Meriana, mohlomong e fanoang ke lipompo tsa lithethefatsi (joalo ka tse sebelisetsoang batho ba nang le mesifa e matla)
• Tšusumetso e tebileng ea boko
• Tšusumetso ea mokokotlo oa mokokotlo
• Phekolo ea 'mele / kalafo ea mmele kamora ho lemala ha boko kapa stroke
• Ho buuoa ka mokokotlo

KE MANG EA KENANG

Sehlopha sa bongaka sa methapo ea kutlo hangata se entsoe ka bafani ba tlhokomelo ea bophelo bo tsoang litsing tse fapaneng tse ikhethang. Sena se ka kenyelletsa:

• Ngaka ea methapo ea mafu - ngaka e fumaneng koetliso e eketsehileng ho phekoleng mathata a tsamaiso ea boko le methapo
• Ngaka e buoang ea Vascular - ngaka e fumaneng koetliso e eketsehileng kalafong ea ho buoa mafu a methapo ea mali
• Neurosurgeon - ngaka e fumaneng koetliso e eketsehileng bokong le mokokotlong oa ho buuoa
• Neuropsychologist - ngaka e koetliselitsoeng ho tsamaisa le ho toloka liteko tsa ts'ebetso ea kelello
• Ngaka ea bohloko - ngaka e fumaneng koetliso ea ho phekola bohloko bo rarahaneng ka lits'ebetso le meriana
• Psychiatrist - ngaka e phekolang lefu la boko le boits'oaro ka lithethefatsi
• Setsebi sa kelello - ngaka e sebetsanang le maemo a boits'oaro ba kelello ka kalafo ea lipuo
• Radiologist - ngaka e fumaneng koetliso e eketsehileng ea ho toloka litšoantšo tsa bongaka le ho etsa lits'ebetso tse fapaneng ka ho sebelisa theknoloji ea ho nka litšoantšo ka kotloloho bakeng sa ho phekola mathata a boko le methapo.
• Neuroscientist - motho ea etsang lipatlisiso ka tsamaiso ea methapo
• Baoki ba baoki (NPs)
• Bathusi ba Ngaka (PAs)
• Litsebi tsa phepo e nepahetseng kapa litsebi tsa phepo
• Lingaka tsa tlhokomelo ea mantlha
• Lingaka tsa 'mele, tse thusang ka ho tsamaea, matla, teka-tekano le ho tenyetseha
• Lingaka tsa mosebetsi, tse thusang ho boloka batho ba sebetsa hantle lapeng le mosebetsing
• Lingaka tsa puo ea puo, tse thusang ka puo, puo le kutloisiso

Lethathamo lena ha le kenyelelitsoe kaofela.

Daroff RB, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL. Tlhahlobo ea lefu la methapo. Ka: Daroff RB, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL, bahlophisi. Neurology ea Bradley ho Tloaelo ea Bongaka. La 7th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: khaolo ea 1.

Daroff RB, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL. Patlisiso ea laboratori e fumanoeng le taolo ea mafu a methapo Ka: Daroff RB, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL, bahlophisi. Neurology ea Bradley ho Tloaelo ea Bongaka. La 7th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: khaolo ea 33.

Daroff RB, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL. Tsamaiso ea lefu la methapo. Ka: Daroff RB, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SK, bahlophisi. Neurology ea Bradley ho Tloaelo ea Bongaka. La 7th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: khaolo ea 53.

Ho hloekisa D, Augustine GJ, Fitzpatrick D, et al. Ho ithuta tsamaiso ea methapo. Ka: Purves D, Augustine GJ, Fitzpatrick D, et al, eds. Boithuto ba kelello. La 6th. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 2017; khaolo ea 1.