Microcephaly

Microcephaly ke boemo boo boholo ba hlooho ea motho bo leng nyane haholo ho feta ba ba bang ba lilemo tse tšoanang le bong. Boholo ba hlooho bo lekantsoe joalo ka bohole bo potileng hlooho ea hlooho. Ntho e nyane ho feta boholo bo tloaelehileng e khethoa ho sebelisoa lichate tse emeng.

Microcephaly hangata e hlaha hobane boko ha bo hōle ka sekhahla se tloaelehileng. Khōlo ea lehata e khethoa ke kholo ea boko. Khōlo ea boko e etsahala ha lesea le le ka popelong le nakong ea bongoana.

Maemo a amang kholo ea boko a ka baka tse nyane ho feta boholo bo tloaelehileng ba hlooho. Tsena li kenyelletsa tšoaetso, mathata a liphatsa tsa lefutso le khaello ea phepo e nepahetseng.

Maemo a lefutso a bakang microcephaly a kenyelletsa:

• Lefu la Cornelia de Lange
• Cri du chat lefu
• Down syndrome
• Lefu la Rubinstein-Taybi
• Lefu la Seckel
• Lefu la Smith-Lemli-Opitz
• Trisomy 18
• Trisomy 21

Mathata a mang a ka lebisang ho microcephaly a kenyelletsa:

• Phenylketonuria (PKU) e sa laoleheng ho mme
• Chefo ea Methylmercury
• Tsoalo ea rubella
• Toxoplasmosis ea tlhaho
• Congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV)
• Ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi tse itseng nakong ea bokhachane, haholo joala le phenytoin

Ho tšoaetsoa ke vaerase ea Zika ha o le moimana le hona ho ka baka microcephaly. Kokoana-hloko ea Zika e fumanoe Afrika, Pacific Boroa, libaka tsa tropike tsa Asia, le Brazil le likarolo tse ling tsa Amerika Boroa, hammoho le Mexico, Central America le Caribbean.

Hangata, microcephaly e fumanoa ha e hlaha kapa nakong ea litlhahlobo tse tloaelehileng tsa masea. Bua le mofani oa hao oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo haeba u nahana hore boholo ba hlooho ea lesea la hau bo nyane haholo kapa ha bo hōle ka mokhoa o tloaelehileng.

Bitsa mofani oa hau haeba uena kapa molekane oa hau le kile sebakeng seo Zika a leng ho sona mme o imme kapa o nahana ho ima.

Boholo ba nako, microcephaly e fumanoa nakong ea tlhahlobo e tloaelehileng. Litekanyo tsa hlooho ke karolo ea liteko tsohle tsa masea hantle bakeng sa likhoeli tsa pele tsa 18. Liteko li nka metsotsoana e seng mekae feela ha theipi ea ho lekanya e behiloe ho potoloha hlooho ea lesea.

Mofani oa thepa o tla boloka rekoto ka nako ho tseba:

• Sekhahla sa hlooho ke eng?
• Na hlooho e hola butle ho feta mmele?
• Ke matšoao afe a mang a teng moo?

Hape ho ka ba molemo ho boloka litlaleho tsa hau tsa kholo ea ngoana oa hau. Bua le mofani oa hau haeba u hlokomela hore kholo ea hlooho ea ngoana e bonahala e fokotseha.

Haeba mofani oa hau a hlahloba ngoana oa hau ka microcephaly, o lokela ho e hlokomela litlalehong tsa bongaka tsa ngoana oa hau.

• Lehata la lesea le sa tsoa tsoaloa
• Microcephaly
• Ultrasound, lesea le tloaelehileng - li-ventricle tsa boko

Litsi tsa Taolo le Thibelo ea Maloetse. Zika kokoana-hloko. www.cdc.gov/zika/index.html. E ntlafalitsoe ka la 4 Phuptjane 2019. E fihlile ka la 15 Pulungoana.

Johansson MA, Mier-Y-Teran-Romero L, Reefhuis J, Gilboa SM, Lithaba tsa SL. Zika le kotsi ea microcephaly. N Engl J Med. 2016; 375 (1): 1-4. PMID: 27222919 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27222919/.

Motsoalle oa SL, Johnston MV. Likotsi tsa tlhaho ea methapo ea kutlo. Ka: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, bahlophisi. Buka ea Nelson ea Pediatrics. La 21 Ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: khaolo ea 609.

Mizaa GM, Dobyns WB. Mathata a boholo ba boko. Ka: Swaiman KF, Ashwal S, Ferriero DM, et al, eds. Swaiman's Pediatric Neurology: Melao-motheo le Tloaelo. La 6th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017: khaolo ea 28.