Kholo e liehang

Khōlo e liehang e fokola kapa e ba le bolelele bo fokolang kapa boima ba 'mele ho ngoana ea ka tlase ho lilemo tse 5. Sena se ka ba se tloaelehileng feela,' me ngoana a ka se feta.

Ngoana o lokela ho hlahlojoa khafetsa le masea hantle le mofani oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo. Hangata litlhahlobo tsena li hlophisitsoe ka linako tse latelang:

• Libeke tse 2 ho isa ho tse 4
• Lilemo tse 2½
• Selemo le selemo ka mor'a moo

Lihlooho tse amanang li kenyelletsa:

• Rekoto ea liketsahalo tsa nts'etsopele - likhoeli tse 2
• Rekoto ea liketsahalo tsa nts'etsopele - likhoeli tse 4
• Rekoto ea liketsahalo tsa nts'etsopele - likhoeli tse 6
• Rekoto ea liketsahalo tsa nts'etsopele - likhoeli tse 9
• Rekoto ea liketsahalo tsa nts'etsopele - likhoeli tse 12
• Rekoto ea liketsahalo tsa nts'etsopele - likhoeli tse 18
• Rekoto ea liketsahalo tsa nts'etsopele - lilemo tse 2
• Rekoto ea liketsahalo tsa nts'etsopele - lilemo tse 3
• Rekoto ea liketsahalo tsa nts'etsopele - lilemo tse 4
• Rekoto ea liketsahalo tsa nts'etsopele - lilemo tse 5

Ho lieha ha kholo ea molao oa motheo ho bolela bana ba banyenyane lilemong tsa bona empa ba hola ka sekhahla se tloaelehileng. Ho kena bohlankaneng kapa boroetsaneng hangata ho fihla morao ho bana bana.

Bana bana ba tsoela pele ho hola kamora hore lithaka tsa bona tse ngata li emise. Boholo ba nako, ba tla fihla bophahamong ba batho ba baholo bo tšoanang le bophahamo ba batsoali ba bona. Leha ho le joalo, lisosa tse ling tsa tieho ea kholo li tlameha ho qheleloa ka thoko.

Liphatsa tsa lefutso le tsona li ka bapala karolo. E mong oa batsoali kapa bobeli ba bona e kanna ea ba ba khuts'oane. Batsoali ba khutšoane empa ba phetse hantle ba ka ba le ngoana ea phetseng hantle ea leng ho 5% e khuts'oane ho feta ea bona. Bana bana ba makhuts'oane, empa ba lokela ho fihla bophahamong ba motsoali a le mong kapa bobeli ba bona.

Kholo e liehang kapa e liehang ho feta e lebelletsoeng e ka bakoa ke lintho tse ngata tse fapaneng, ho kenyelletsa:

• Boloetse bo sa foleng
• Mathata a Endocrine
• Bophelo bo botle ba maikutlo
• Tšoaetso
• Phepo e fosahetseng

Bana ba bangata ba nang le kholo e liehang ho ba teng le bona ba lieha ho hola.

Haeba boima ba 'mele bo lieha ho bakoa ke khaello ea lik'hilojule, leka ho fepa ngoana ka tlhokeho. Eketsa palo ea lijo tse fuoang ngoana. Fana ka lijo tse matlafatsang, tse nang le likhalori tse ngata.

Ho bohlokoa haholo ho lokisa lebese ka kotloloho ho latela litaelo. U SE KE ua nosetsa (hlapolla) lebese le phofo le loketseng.

Ikopanye le mofani oa hau haeba u tšoenyehile ka kholo ea ngoana oa hau. Litlhahlobo tsa bongaka li bohlokoa le haeba u nahana hore ho lieha ho hola kapa litaba tsa maikutlo li ka tlatsetsa kholong e liehang ea ngoana.

Haeba ngoana oa hau a sa hōle ka lebaka la khaello ea likhalori, mofani oa hau a ka u fetisetsa ho setsebi sa phepo e nepahetseng se ka u thusang ho khetha lijo tse nepahetseng tseo u ka li fang ngoana oa hau.

Mofani oa thepa o tla hlahloba ngoana mme a lekanyetse bolelele, boima le bophara ba hlooho. Motsoali kapa mohlokomeli o tla botsoa lipotso mabapi le nalane ea bongaka ea ngoana, ho kenyeletsoa:

• Na ngoana o lula a le qetellong ea lichate tsa kholo?
• Na kholo ea ngoana e qalile ka tsela e tloaelehileng ebe oa fokotseha?
• Na ngoana o ntse a ntlafatsa tsebo ea hae ea ho phela le batho ba bang le ho ikoetlisa?
• Na ngoana o ja hantle? Ngoana o ja lijo tsa mofuta ofe?
• Ke mofuta ofe oa kemiso ea phepo e sebelisoang?
• Na lesea le fepuoa ka letsoele kapa botlolo?
• Haeba lesea le anyesoa, 'm'e o noa meriana e feng?
• Haeba ho feptjoa ka botlolo, ho sebelisoa mofuta ofe oa lebese? Morero o tsoakane joang?
• Ke meriana efe kapa litlatsetso tseo ngoana a li nkang?
• Batsoali ba ngoana ba molelele hakae? Li boima hakae?
• Ke matšoao afe a mang a teng?

Mofani oa thepa a ka boela a botsa lipotso mabapi le litloaelo tsa botsoali le likamano tsa ngoana le ngoana.

Liteko li ka kenyelletsa:

• Liteko tsa mali (joalo ka CBC kapa phapang ea mali)
• Lithuto tsa setuloana (ho lekola ho monya limatlafatsi tse fokolang)
• Liteko tsa moroto
• X-ray ho tseba hore na masapo a lilemo li kae le ho batla ho robeha ha masapo

Kholo - butle (ngoana 0 ho lilemo tse 5); Boima ba 'mele - butle (ngoana 0 ho lilemo tse 5); Sekhahla se liehang sa kholo; Kholo le nts'etsopele tse senyehileng; Ho lieha ho hola

• Nts'etsopele ea ngoana

Cooke DW, Divall SA, Radovick S. Khōlo e tloaelehileng le e sa tloaelehang ea bana. Ka: Melmed S, Polonsky KS, Larsen PR, Kronenberg HM, bahlophisi. Buka ea Williams ea Endocrinology. 13th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: khaolo ea 24.

Kimmel SR, Ratliff-Schaub K. Kholo le nts'etsopele. Ka: Rakel RE, Rakel DP, bahlophisi. Buka ea bongaka ea Meriana ea Lelapa. La 9th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: khaolo ea 22.

Lo L, Ballantine A. Khaello ea phepo e nepahetseng. Ka: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, bahlophisi. Buka ea Nelson ea Pediatrics. La 21 Ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: khaolo ea 59.