Ho hlahlojoa kankere ea Colon

Ho hlahloba kankere ea Colon ho ka lemoha li-polyps le mofetše oa pele ka maleng a maholo. Mofuta ona oa ho hlahloba o ka fumana mathata a ka alafshoang pele mofetše o hlaha kapa o hasana.Ho itlhahloba khafetsa ho ka fokotsa kotsi ea lefu le mathata a bakoang ke mofetše oa 'mala.

LITEKO LITLHAKISO

Ho na le mekhoa e mengata ea ho hlahloba mofetše oa mala.

Teko ea setuloana:

• Li-polyps ka har'a kolone le mofetše o monyane li ka baka phallo e nyane ea mali e ke keng ea bonoa ka mahlo. Empa hangata mali a ka fumanoa setulong.
• Mokhoa ona o hlahloba setuloana sa hau bakeng sa mali.
• Teko e tloaelehileng haholo e sebelisitsoeng ke fecal occult test (FOBT). Liteko tse ling tse peli li bitsoa fecal immunochemical test (FIT) le stool DNA test (sDNA).

Sigmoidoscopy:

• Teko ena e sebelisa sebaka se senyane se tenyetsehang ho bona karolo e ka tlase ea kolone ea hau. Hobane tlhahlobo e sheba feela karolo ea boraro ea ho qetela ea mala a maholo (colon), e kanna ea lahleheloa ke mofetše o mong o phahameng maling a maholo.
• Sigmoidoscopy le teko ea setuloana li ka sebelisoa hammoho.

Colonoscopy:

• Colonoscopy e ts'oana le sigmoidoscopy, empa kolone eohle e ka bonoa.
• Mofani oa hao oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo o tla u fa mehato ea ho hloekisa mala. Sena se bitsoa ho lokisetsa mala.
• Nakong ea colonoscopy, o fumana moriana oa ho etsa hore u phutholohe le ho otsela.
• Ka linako tse ling, litlhahlobo tsa CT li sebelisoa e le mokhoa o mong ho feta colonoscopy e tloaelehileng. Sena se bitsoa colonoscopy ea sebele.

Teko e 'ngoe:

• Capsule endoscopy e kenyelletsa ho metsa kh'amera e nyane ea boholo ba pilisi e nkang video ea kahare ea mala. Mokhoa ona o ntse o ithutoa, ka hona ha o khothaletsoe bakeng sa tlhahlobo e tloaelehileng ka nako ena.

HO HLAHALA BATHO BA KOTSI

Ha ho na bopaki bo lekaneng ba ho bolela hore na ke mokhoa ofe oa ho hlahloba o molemo ka ho fetisisa. Empa, colonoscopy e phethahetse haholo. Bua le mofani oa hau ka hore na ke teko efe eu loketseng.

Banna le basali ba lokela ho ba le tlhahlobo ea tlhahlobo ea mofetše oa colon ho qala ba le lilemo li 50. Bafani ba bang ba khothaletsa hore Maafrika a Amerika a qale ho hlahlobisisa a le lilemo li 45.

Ka keketseho ea morao-rao ea mofetše oa mala ho batho ba lilemo tse 40, American Cancer Society e khothaletsa hore banna le basali ba phetseng hantle ba qale ho hlahlobisisa ba le lilemo li 45. Bua le mofani oa hau haeba u amehile.

Khetho ea ho hlahloba batho ba nang le kotsi e tloaelehileng ea mofetše oa colon:

• Colonoscopy lilemo tse ling le tse ling tse 10 ho qala ha a le lilemo li 45 kapa 50
• FOBT kapa FIT selemo se seng le se seng (colonoscopy ea hlokahala haeba liphetho li le ntle)
• sDNA lilemo tse 1 kapa tse 3 kaofela (colonoscopy ea hlokahala haeba liphetho li le ntle)
• Sigmoidoscopy e tenyetsehang lilemo tse ling le tse ling tse 5 ho isa ho tse 10, hangata ka liteko tsa setulo FOBT e etsa lilemo tse 1 ho isa ho tse 3
• Colonoscopy ea Virtual lilemo tse ling le tse ling tse 5

HO HLAHALA BATHO BA KOTSI

Batho ba nang le lisosa tse itseng tsa kotsi ea mofetše oa colon ba ka hloka pejana (pele ho lilemo tse 50) kapa ho etsa liteko khafetsa.

Lisosa tse ling tse tloaelehileng tsa kotsi ke:

• Nalane ea lelapa ea li-syndromes tsa mofetše oa 'mala o futsitsoeng, joalo ka lelapa adenomatous polyposis (FAP) kapa kankere ea lefutso ea nonpolyposis colorectal (HNPCC).
• Nalane e matla ea lelapa ea mofets'e o khanyang kapa li-polyps. Hangata hona ho bolela beng ka uena ba haufi (motsoali, ngoan'eno, kapa ngoana) ba hlahisitseng maemo ana ba le tlase ho lilemo tse 60.
• Nalane ea motho ea nang le mofetše o motala kapa li-polyps.
• Pale ea motho ka nako e telele (e sa foleng) maloetse a ruruhang (mohlala, ulcerative colitis kapa lefu la Crohn).

Ho hlahloba lihlopha tsena ho ka etsahala ho sebelisoa colonoscopy.

Ho hlahloba kankere ea mala; Colonoscopy - ho hlahloba; Sigmoidoscopy - ho hlahloba; Virtual colonoscopy - ho hlahloba; Fecal immunochemical teko; Teko ea DNA ea mantle; Teko ea sDNA; Kankere e hlakileng - ho hlahloba; Kankere ea matsoele - ho hlahloba

• Ulcerative colitis - ho tsoa

• Colonoscopy
• Mala a maholo a mala
• Kankere ea Sigmoid colon - x-ray
• Teko ea mali a boloi ba boloi

Garber JJ, Chung DC. Colonic polyps le polyposis syndromes. Ka: Feldman M, Friedman LS, Brandt LJ, bahlophisi. Sleisenger le Fordtran's Mpeng le Mafu a Sebete. 11th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021: khaolo ea 126.

Webosaete ea National Cancer Institute. Ho hlahlojoa ha kankere e hlakileng (PDQ) - mofuta oa litsebi tsa bophelo bo botle. www.cancer.gov/types/colorectal/hp/colorectal-screening-pdq. E ntlafalitsoe ka la 17 Hlakubele 2020. E fihlile ka la 13 Pulungoana.

Rex DK, Boland CR, Dominitz JA, le al. Ho hlahloba kankere e hlakileng: litlhahiso bakeng sa lingaka le bakuli ba tsoang ho US Multi-Society Task Force on Colorectal Cancer. Ke J Gastroenterol. 2017; 112 (7): 1016-1030. PMID: 28555630 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28555630/.

Webosaete ea Sesole sa Ts'ireletso ea US. Polelo ea khothaletso ea hoqetela. Ho hlahlojoa kankere e hlakileng. www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/colorectal-cancer-screening. E phatlalalitsoe ka la 15 Phuptjane, 2016. E fihlile ka la 18 Mmesa, 2020.

Wolf AMD, Fontham ETH, Kereke ea TR, et al. Ho hlahlojoa kankere e hlakileng ea batho ba baholo ba kotsing e ncha: Tlhatlhobo ea tataiso ea 2018 e tsoang ho American Cancer Society. CA Kankere J Clin. 2018; 68 (4): 250-281. PMID: 29846947 e fetotsoe.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29846947/.