Bothata ba tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi

Bothata ba tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi bo etsahala ha ts'ebeliso ea motho ea joala kapa ntho e 'ngoe (sethethefatsi) e lebisa ho mathata a bophelo bo botle kapa mathata mosebetsing, sekolong kapa lapeng.

Lefu lena le boetse le bitsoa tšebeliso e mpe ea lithethefatsi.

Ha ho tsejoe sesosa sa 'nete sa ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi. Liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa motho, ketso ea moriana, khatello ea lithaka, khatello ea maikutlo, khatello ea maikutlo, khatello ea maikutlo le khatello ea tikoloho kaofela e ka ba lisosa.

Batho ba bangata ba nang le bothata ba tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi ba na le khatello ea maikutlo, ho haelloa ke tlhokomelo, ho ba le khatello ea maikutlo kamora ho sithabela, kapa bothata bo bong ba kelello. Mokhoa oa bophelo o nang le khatello ea maikutlo kapa o moferefere le boitlhompho le tsona li atile.

Bana ba holang ba bona batsoali ba bona ba sebelisa lithethefatsi ba ka ba le kotsi e kholo ea ho ba le bothata ba ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi hamorao bophelong ka mabaka a tikoloho le a lefutso.

Lintho tse sebelisoang hangata li kenyelletsa:

• Li-opiate le lithethefatsi tse ling ke lipilisi tse matla tse ka bakang ho otsela, 'me ka linako tse ling maikutlo a matla a boiketlo, thabo, thabo, thabo le thabo. Tsena li kenyelletsa heroin, opium, codeine, le meriana ea bohloko ea lithethefatsi e ka laeloang ke ngaka kapa ea rekoa ka mokhoa o seng molaong.
• Lits'usumetso ke lithethefatsi tse hlasimollang boko le sistimi ea methapo. Li kenyelletsa k'hok'heine le amphetamine, joalo ka lithethefatsi tse sebelisetsoang ho alafa ADHD (methylphenidate, kapa Ritalin). Motho a ka qala ho hloka bongata bo phahameng ba lithethefatsi tsena ka nako ho utloa litlamorao tse tšoanang.
• Ho sithabela maikutlo ho baka ho otsela le ho fokotsa ho tšoenyeha. Li kenyelletsa joala, li-barbiturate, benzodiazepines (Valium, Ativan, Xanax), chloral hydrate le paraldehyde. Ho sebelisa lintho tsena ho ka lebisa bokhobeng.
• LSD, mescaline, psilocybin ("li-mushroom"), le phencyclidine (PCP, kapa "lerōle la mangeloi") li ka etsa hore motho a bone lintho tse seng teng (lipono) mme li ka lebisa ho lemaleng kelellong.
• Matekoane (hanf, kapa hashish).

Hona le methati e mengata ea ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi e ka lebisang ho lemaleng. Ho bonahala bacha ba tsamaea kapele ho feta methating eo ho feta batho ba baholo. Mekhahlelo ke:

• Ts'ebeliso ea liteko - Ka tloaelo e kenyelletsa lithaka, tse etselitsoeng boithabiso; mosebedisi a ka natefelwa ke ho nyedisa batswadi kapa batho ba bang ba boholong.
• Ts'ebeliso ea ka mehla - Mosebelisi o hloloheloa sekolo le mosebetsi ho feta; ho tšoenyeha ka ho lahleheloa ke mohloli oa lithethefatsi; sebelisa lithethefatsi ho "lokisa" maikutlo a mabe; o qala ho lula hole le metsoalle le ba lelapa; e ka fetola metsoalle ho ba sebelisang kamehla; e bontša mamello e eketsehileng le bokhoni ba ho "sebetsana" le moriana.
• Bothata kapa ts'ebeliso e kotsi - Mosebelisi o lahleheloa ke tšusumetso; ha a tsotelle sekolo le mosebetsi; o na le liphetoho tse totobetseng tsa boits'oaro; ho nahana ka ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi ho bohlokoa ho feta lithahasello tsohle, ho kenyeletsoa likamano; mosebedisi o ba lekunutu; e ka qala ho rekisa lithethefatsi ho thusa ho tšehetsa tloaelo; tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi tse ling tse thata li ka eketseha; mathata a molao a ka eketseha.
• Ho lemalla - Ha o khone ho tobana le bophelo ba letsatsi le letsatsi ntle le lithethefatsi; latola bothata; boemo ba 'mele bo mpefala; tahlehelo ea "taolo" mabapi le ts'ebeliso; e ka ipolaea; mathata a lichelete le a molao a mpefala; e kanna eaba o robehile maqhama le litho tsa lelapa kapa metsoalle.

Matšoao le boits'oaro ba ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi li ka kenyelletsa:

• Pherekano
• Ho tsoela pele ho sebelisa lithethefatsi, leha bophelo bo botle, mosebetsi kapa lelapa le ntse le senyeha
• Likarolo tsa pefo
• Lehloeo ha le thulana le ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi
• Ho hloka taolo ea ts'ebeliso e mpe ea lithethefatsi, ho sitoa ho emisa kapa ho fokotsa ho noa joala
• Ho etsa mabaka a ho sebelisa lithethefatsi
• Mosebetsi o sieo kapa sekolo, kapa phokotso ea tšebetso
• Ho hlokahala hore ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi ea letsatsi le letsatsi kapa e tloaelehileng e sebetse
• Ho hlokomoloha ho ja
• Ho se tsotelle ponahalo ea 'mele
• Ha a sa nka karolo mesebetsing ka lebaka la ts'ebeliso e mpe ea lithethefatsi
• Boitšoaro ba lekunutu ba ho pata tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi
• Ho sebelisa lithethefatsi leha o le mong

Liteko tsa lithethefatsi (toxicology screens) disampoleng tsa mali le moroto li ka bonts'a lik'hemik'hale tse ngata le lithethefatsi 'meleng. Teko e boima hakae ho latela setlhare ka bosona, hore na moriana o noiloe neng le laboratoring ea liteko. Liteko tsa mali li na le monyetla oa ho fumana sethethefatsi ho feta liteko tsa moroto, leha li-skrini tsa moroto li etsoa khafetsa.

Bothata ba tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi ke boemo bo tebileng 'me ha bo bonolo ho bo phekola. Tlhokomelo le kalafo tse ntlehali li kenyelletsa litsebi tse koetlisitsoeng.

Kalafo e qala ka ho lemoha bothata. Leha ho hana e le letšoao le tloaelehileng la bokhoba, batho ba lemalloang ha ba hane hakaalo haeba ba tšoaroa ka kutloelo-bohloko le tlhompho, ho fapana le ho bolelloa hore na ba etseng kapa ho tobana le bona.

Motsoako o kanna oa huloa butle kapa oa emisoa ka tšohanyetso. Ts'ehetso ea matšoao a 'mele le maikutlo, hammoho le ho lula u se na lithethefatsi (ho ithiba) le tsona ke senotlolo sa kalafo.

• Batho ba nang le tšebeliso e feteletseng ea lithethefatsi ba ka hloka kalafo ea tšohanyetso sepetlele. Kalafo e nepahetseng e ipapisitse le sethethefatsi se sebelisitsoeng.
• Detoxification (detox) ke ho tlosa ntho ka tšohanyetso tikolohong eo ho nang le ts'ehetso e ntle. Ho tlosa 'mele ho ka etsoa molemong oa bakuli ba kulang kapa ba kantle ho bakuli.
• Ka linako tse ling, sethethefatsi se seng se nang le ketso kapa phello e ts'oanang 'meleng sea nkuoa, kaha lethal dose le fokotseha butle ho fokotsa litlamorao le likotsi tsa ho khaotsa. Mohlala, bakeng sa tahi ea lithethefatsi, methadone kapa lithethefatsi tse tšoanang li ka sebelisoa ho thibela ho tlohela le ho tsoela pele ho e sebelisa.

Mananeo a kalafo ea bolulo a lekola le ho sebetsana le matšoao le boits'oaro bo ka bang teng. Mananeo ana a sebelisa mekhoa ea ho etsa hore basebelisi ba lemohe boits'oaro ba bona mme ba ithute ho se khutlele ts'ebelisong.

Haeba motho a na le khatello ea maikutlo kapa bokuli bo bong ba kelello, bo lokela ho phekoloa. Maemong a mangata, motho o qala ho sebelisa lithethefatsi ho leka ho iphekola mafu a kelello.

Lihlopha tse ngata tsa tšehetso lia fumaneha sechabeng. Li kenyeletsa:

• Narcotics Anonymous (NA) - www.na.org/
• Alateen - al-anon.org/for-members/group-resource/alateen/
• Al-Anon - al-anon.org/

Bongata ba lihlopha tsena li latela lenaneo la Mehato e 12 le sebelisitsoeng ho Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) www.aa.org/.

Pholoso ea SMART www.smartrecovery.org/ le Life Ring Secular Recovery www.lifering.org/ ke mananeo a sa sebeliseng mokhoa oa mehato e 12. U ka fumana lihlopha tse ling tsa tšehetso inthaneteng.

Tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi e ka lebisa ho feteletseng ho bolaeang. Batho ba bang ba qala ho nka lintho tseo hape (ho khutlela morao) kamora hore ba emise.

Mathata a ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi a kenyelletsa:

• Ho tepella maikutlo
• Kankere, mohlala, kankere ea molomo le ea mpa e hokahane le tšebeliso e mpe ea joala le ho itšepa
• Ho tšoaetsoa ke HIV, kapa hepatitis B kapa C ka linalete tse arolelanoeng
• Ho felloa ke mosebetsi
• Mathata a ho hopola le ho tsepamisa mohopolo, mohlala, ts'ebeliso ea hallucinogen, ho kenyelletsa matekoane (THC)
• Mathata le molao
• Ho qhalana ha likamano
• Mekhoa e sa bolokehang ea thobalano, e ka lebisang ho ima ho sa batleheng, mafu a tšoaetsanoang ka thobalano, HIV, kapa lefu la sebete la vaerase

Bitsa tumellano ea kopano le mofani oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo haeba uena kapa setho sa lelapa le sebelisa ntho mme le batla ho emisa. Hape letsetsa haeba u khaotsoe phepelong ea hau ea lithethefatsi 'me u kotsing ea ho khaotsa. Boholo ba bahiri ba fana ka litšebeletso tsa phetisetso bakeng sa bahiruoa ba bona ba nang le mathata a ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi.

Mananeo a thuto ea lithethefatsi a ka thusa. Batsoali ba ka ba le tšusumetso e matla baneng ba bona ka ho ba ruta ka kotsi ea ho sebelisa lintho.

Tlhekefetso ea lithethefatsi Ts'ebeliso ea lik'hemik'hale; Tlhekefetso ea lik'hemik'hale; Ho lemalla lithethefatsi; Ho lemalla - sethethefatsi; Ho itšetleha ka lithethefatsi; Tšebeliso e seng molaong ea lithethefatsi; Tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi; Tšebeliso ea hallucinogen

• Ho tepella maikutlo le banna

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Mokhatlo oa Breuner CC. Tšebeliso e mpe ea lithethefatsi. Ka: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, bahlophisi. Buka ea Nelson ea Pediatrics. La 21 Ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: khaolo ea 140.

Kowalchuk A, Reed BC. Mathata a ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi. Ka: Rakel RE, Rakel DP, bahlophisi. Buka ea bongaka ea Meriana ea Lelapa. La 9th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: khaolo ea 50.

Setsi sa Naha sa Tlhekefetso ea Lithethefatsi. Lithethefatsi, boko le boits'oaro: mahlale a tahi. Saense e ntlafalitse kutloisiso ea bokhoba ba lithethefatsi joang. www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugs-brains-behavior-science-addiction/preface. E ntlafalitsoe ka Phupu 2020. E fihlile ka la 13 Mphalane 2020.

Mokhatlo oa Weiss RD. Lithethefatsi tsa tlhekefetso. Ka: Goldman L, Schafer AI, li-eds. Phekolo ea Goldman-Cecil. La 26th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: khaolo ea 31.