Sefuba sa mokokotlo

Hlahala ea mokokotlo ke kholo ea lisele (kapa boima) kahare kapa haufi le mokokotlo oa mokokotlo.

Mofuta ofe kapa ofe oa hlahala o ka hlaha mokokotlong, ho kenyelletsa lihlahala tsa mathomo le tsa bobeli.

Lihlahala tsa mantlha: boholo ba lihlahala tsena li kotsi ebile lia hola butle.

• Astrocytoma: hlahala ea lisele tse tšehetsang kahare ho lesapo la mokokotlo
• Meningioma: hlahala ea lisele tse koahelang mokokotlo oa mokokotlo
• Schwannoma: hlahala ea lisele tse potileng likhoele tsa methapo
• Ependymoma - hlahala ea lisele e tsamaeang le likoti tsa boko
• Lipoma: hlahala ea lisele tse mafura

Lihlahala tsa bobeli kapa metastasis: lihlahala tsena ke lisele tsa mofetše tse tsoang libakeng tse ling tsa 'mele.

• Kankere ea senya, ea matšoafo le ea matsoele
• Leukemia: Kankere ea mali e qalang liseleng tse tšoeu tsa mokong
• Lymphoma: kankere ea lisele tsa lymph
• Myeloma: kankere ea mali e qalang lisele tsa plasma tsa moko oa masapo

Lebaka la lihlahala tsa mantlha tsa mokokotlo ha le tsejoe. Tse ling tsa lihlahala tsa mokokotlo li hlaha ka liphetoho tse itseng tse futsitsoeng tsa lefutso.

Lihlahala tsa mokokotlo li ka fumaneha:

• Ka hare ho lesapo la mokokotlo (intramedullary)
• Lirong (meninges) tse koahelang mokokotlo oa mokokotlo (extramedullary - intradural)
• Pakeng tsa meninges le masapo a mokokotlo (extradural)
• Metsing ea masapo

Ha e ntse e hola, hlahala e ka ama:

• Methapo ea mali
• Masapo a mokokotlo
• Meninges
• Metso ea methapo
• Lisele tsa mokokotlo

Hlahala e ka hatella mokokotlong kapa methapong ea methapo, e baka tšenyo. Ha nako e ntse e ea, tšenyo e ka ba ea ka ho sa feleng.

Matšoao a ipapisitse le sebaka, mofuta oa hlahala le bophelo ba hau ka kakaretso. Lihlahala tsa bobeli tse hasaneng mokokotlong ho tsoa sebakeng se seng (lihlahala tsa metastatic) hangata li tsoela pele kapele. Hangata lihlahala tsa mantlha li tsoela pele butle butle ho feta libeke ho isa ho lilemo.

Matšoao a ka kenyelletsa:

• Maikutlo a sa tloaelehang kapa tahlehelo ea maikutlo, haholo maotong
• Bohloko ba morao bo mpefalang ha nako e ntse e ea, hangata bo mahareng kapa tlase mokokotlong, hangata bo matla 'me ha bo kokobetsoe ke moriana oa bohloko, bo mpefala ha o paqame kapa o sosobana (joalo ka ha o khohlela kapa o thimola), mme o ka fetela lethekeng kapa maoto
• Ho lahleheloa ke taolo ea mala, ho tsoa ha senya
• Li-contraction tsa mesifa, litšitiso, kapa li-spasms (fasciculations)
• Bofokoli ba mesifa (ho fokotseha ha matla a mesifa) maotong a bakang ho oa, ho etsa hore ho tsamaea ho be thata, hape ho ka mpefala (ho tsoela pele) mme ho lebise ho shoeleng litho

Tlhahlobo ea methapo ea methapo e ka thusa ho supa moo hlahala e leng teng. Mofani oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo a ka fumana tse latelang nakong ea tlhahlobo:

• Maikutlo a sa tloaelehang
• Ho eketsa molumo oa mesifa
• Ho lahleheloa ke bohloko le maikutlo a mocheso
• Bofokoli ba mesifa
• Bonolo mokokotlong

Liteko tsena li ka netefatsa hlahala ea mokokotlo:

• Mokokotlo CT
• Mokokotlo oa MRI
• X-ray ea mokokotlo
• Tlhatlhobo ea Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
• Myelogram

Morero oa kalafo ke ho fokotsa kapa ho thibela tšenyo ea methapo e bakoang ke khatello ea mokokotlo oa mokokotlo le ho netefatsa hore o ka tsamaea.

Kalafo e lokela ho fanoa kapele. Ha matšoao a hlaha kapele, ho hlokahala kalafo kapele ho thibela kotsi e sa feleng. Bohloko leha e le bofe bo bocha ba mokokotlo kapa bo sa hlalosoang ho mokuli ea nang le mofetše bo lokela ho batlisisoa ka botlalo.

Kalafo e kenyelletsa:

• Corticosteroids (dexamethasone) e ka fuoa ho fokotsa ho ruruha le ho ruruha ho potoloha lesapo la mokokotlo.
• Ho ka etsoa opereishene ea tšohanyetso ho fokotsa khatello ea mokokotlo oa mokokotlo. Lihlahala tse ling li ka tlosoa ka botlalo. Maemong a mang, karolo ea hlahala e ka tlosoa ho fokotsa khatello ea lesapo la mokokotlo.
• Phekolo ea radiation e ka sebelisoa le, kapa ho fapana le, ho buuoa.
• Chemotherapy ha e so ka e pakoa e sebetsa khahlano le lihlahala tse ngata tsa mantlha tsa mokokotlo, empa ho ka buelloa maemong a mang, ho latela mofuta oa hlahala.
• Phekolo ea 'mele e ka hlokahala ho ntlafatsa matla a mesifa le bokhoni ba ho sebetsa ka boikemelo.

Phello e fapana ho latela hlahala. Ho hlahlojoa le kalafo ea pele ho nako hangata ho lebisa liphellong tse ntle.

Tšenyo ea methapo hangata e ntse e tsoela pele, le kamora ho buuoa. Le ha ho na le bofokoli bo sa feleng, mohlomong kalafo ea pele e ka liehisa kholofalo e kholo le lefu.

Bitsa mofani oa hau haeba o na le nalane ea mofets'e mme o ba le bohloko bo bohloko ba mokokotlo bo sa lebelloang kapa bo mpefalang.

E-ea kamoreng ea maemo a tšohanyetso kapa letsetsa 911 kapa nomoro ea ts'ohanyetso ea lehae haeba u ba le matšoao a macha, kapa matšoao a hau a mpefala nakong ea kalafo ea hlahala ea mokokotlo.

Hlahala - mokokotlo oa mokokotlo

• Vertebrae
• Sefuba sa mokokotlo

DeAngelis LM. Lihlahala tsa sistimi ea methapo e bohareng. Ka: Goldman L, Schafer AI, li-eds. Phekolo ea Goldman-Cecil. La 26th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: khaolo ea 180.

Jakubovic R, Ruschin M, Tseng CL, Pejovic-Milic A, Sahgal A, Yang VXD. Ts'ebetso ea ho buoa ka moralo oa kalafo ea radiation ea lihlahala tsa mokokotlo. Phekolo ea meriana. 2019; 84 (6): 1242-1250. PMID: 29796646 phatlalalitsoeng.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29796646/.

Moron FE, Delumpa A, Szklaruk J. Lihlahala tsa mokokotlo. Ka: Haaga JR, Boll DT, eds. CT le MRI ea 'Mele Oohle. La 6th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017: khaolo ea 30.

Niglas M, Tseng CL, Dea N, Chang E, Lo S, Sahgal A. Mokokotlo oa mokokotlo. Ka: Niederhuber JE, Armitage JO, Kastan MB, Doroshow JH, Tepper JE, bahlophisi. Abeloff's Clinical Oncology. La 6th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: khaolo ea 54.