Botahoa ba opioid

Lithethefatsi tse thehiloeng ho opioid li kenyelletsa morphine, oxycodone, le synthetic (e entsoeng ke motho) opioid narcotic, joalo ka fentanyl. Ba laetsoe ho alafa bohloko kamora ho buuoa kapa kalafo ea meno. Ka linako tse ling, li sebelisetsoa ho phekola sefuba se matla kapa letshollo. Heroine e seng molaong ea lithethefatsi le eona ke opioid. Ha a hlekefetsoa, ​​li-opioid li etsa hore motho a phutholohe a be a thabe haholo (nyakallo). Ka bokhutšoanyane, lithethefatsi li sebelisetsoa ho phahama.

Botahoa ba opioid ke boemo boo ho bona u seng phahameng feela ka lebaka la ho sebelisa sethethefatsi, empa hape u na le matšoao a pharalletseng 'meleng a ka u kulisang le ho holofatsa.

Botahoa ba Opioid bo ka hlaha ha mofani oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo a fana ka opioid, empa:

• Mofani oa litšebeletso ha a tsebe hore motho o se a ntse a nka opioid e ngoe hae.
• Motho o na le bothata ba bophelo bo botle, joalo ka bothata ba sebete kapa liphio, bo ka lebisang ho tahoa ha bonolo.
• Mofani o fana ka moriana oa boroko (sedative) ntle le opioid.
• Mofani oa litšebeletso ha a tsebe hore mofani e mong o se a ntse a laetse opioid.

Ho batho ba sebelisang li-opioid ho phahama, botahoa bo ka bakoa ke:

• Ho sebelisa lithethefatsi tse ngata haholo
• Ho sebelisa opioid le lithethefatsi tse ling, joalo ka meriana ea boroko kapa joala
• Ho nka opioid ka litsela tse sa sebelisoang hangata, joalo ka ho tsuba kapa ho hema ka nko (ho koetla)

Matšoao a ipapisitse le hore na sethethefatsi se nooa bokae.

Matšoao a botahoa ba opioid a ka kenyelletsa:

• Boemo bo fetohileng ba kelello, joalo ka pherekano, delirium, kapa ho fokotsa tlhokomeliso kapa karabelo
• Mathata a ho hema (ho hema ho ka lieha mme qetellong ho emise)
• Ho robala ka ho feteletseng kapa ho felloa ke tlhokomelo
• Ho nyekeloa le ho hlatsa
• Barutoana ba banyenyane

Liteko tse laetsoeng li ipapisitse le kameho ea mofani bakeng sa mathata a mang a bongaka. Liteko li ka kenyelletsa:

• Liteko tsa mali
• Tlhatlhobo ea boko ea CT, haeba motho a oa kapa a ka tsoa kotsi hloohong
• ECG (electrocardiogram) ho lekanya ts'ebetso ea motlakase ka pelong
• X-ray sefubeng ho hlahloba pneumonia
• Tlhatlhobo ea toxicology (chefo)

Mofani oa thepa o tla lekanya le ho lekola matšoao a bohlokoa a motho eo, ho kenyelletsa mocheso, ho otla ha pelo, sekhahla sa ho hema le khatello ea mali. Matšoao a tla tšoaroa a loketse. Motho a ka amohela:

• Ts'ehetso ea ho hema, ho kenyelletsa oksijene, kapa tube e kenang molomong ka matšoafong le sehokelo sa mochini o phefumolohang
• Maro a IV
• Meriana e bitsoang naloxone (Evzio, Narcan) ho thibela phello ea opioid tsamaisong ea methapo e bohareng
• Meriana e meng ha ho hlokahala

Kaha phello ea naloxone hangata e khuts'oane, sehlopha sa tlhokomelo ea bophelo se tla hlokomela mokuli lihora tse 4 ho isa ho tse 6 lefapheng la maemo a tšohanyetso. Batho ba nang le tahi e itekanetseng ho isa ho e matla ba kanna ba amoheloa sepetlele lihora tse 24 ho isa ho tse 48.

Ho hlokahala tlhahlobo ea bophelo bo botle ba kelello haeba motho a ipolaea.

Lintho tse ngata li khetholla sephetho sa nako e khuts'oane le e telele kamora ho tahoa ha opioid. Tse ling tsa tsona ke tsena:

• Tekanyo ea chefo, mohlala, haeba motho a emisa ho hema, le nako e kae
• Lithethefatsi li sebelisoa hangata hakae
• Phello ea litšila tse kopantsoeng le lintho tse seng molaong
• Likotsi tse hlahang ka lebaka la ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi
• Maemo a bophelo bo botle ba bongaka

Mathata a bophelo bo botle a ka bang teng a kenyelletsa efe kapa efe ea tse latelang:

• Tšenyo e sa feleng ea matšoafo
• Ho oa, ho thothomela
• Ho fokotsa bokhoni ba ho nahana hantle
• Ho se tsitse le ho tsamaea ka thata
• Ts'oaetso kapa ts'enyo e sa feleng ea litho tsa 'mele ka lebaka la tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi

Ho tahoa - li-opioid; Tlhekefetso ea opioid - botahoa; Ts'ebeliso ea opioid - botahoa

Aronson JK. Li-agonists tsa li-opioid receptor. E ngotsoe ke: Aronson JK, ed. Litla-morao tsa Meyler tsa Lithethefatsi. 16th ed. Waltham, MA: Elsevier; 2016: 348-380.

Setsi sa Naha sa Tlhekefetso ea Lithethefatsi. Li-opioids. www.drugabuse.gov/drugs-abuse/opioids. E fihlile ka la 29 Mmesa, 2019.

Setsi sa Naha sa Tlhekefetso ea Lithethefatsi. Ke mathata afe a bongaka a ts'ebeliso e mpe ea heroine? www.drugabuse.gov/publications/research-reports/heroin/what-are-medical-complications-chronic-heroin-use. E ntlafalitsoe ka Phuptjane 2018. E fihlile ka la 29 Mmesa, 2019.

MONGOLI OA TSOANG PELE: Nikolaides JK, Thompson TM. Li-opioids. Ka: Marako RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, eds. Rosen's Emergency Medicine: Likhopolo le Tloaelo ea Kliniki. La 9th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: khaolo ea 156.