Ho hlahlojoa ha liphatsa tsa lefutso le kotsi ea hau ea mofetše

Liphatsa tsa lefutso tse liseleng tsa rona li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa. Li ama moriri le 'mala oa mahlo le litšobotsi tse ling tse fetisitsoeng ho tloha ho motsoali ho ea ho ngoana. Liphatsa tsa lefutso li boetse li bolella lisele ho etsa liprotheine tse thusang 'mele ho sebetsa.

Kankere e etsahala ha lisele li qala ho sebetsa ka mokhoa o sa tloaelehang. 'Mele ea rona e na le liphatsa tsa lefutso tse thibelang kholo ea lisele ka potlako le lihlahala hore li se ke tsa hlaha. Liphetoho liphatseng tsa lefutso (liphetoho) li lumella lisele ho ikarola ka potlako le ho lula li le mafolofolo. Sena se lebisa ho kholo ea mofetše le lihlahala. Liphetoho tsa lefutso li ka bakoa ke tšenyo ea 'mele kapa ho hong ho fetisitsoeng liphatseng tsa lelapa la hau.

Ho etsa liteko tsa lefutso ho ka u thusa ho fumana hore na u na le phetoho ea lefutso e ka lebisang ho mofets'e kapa e ka amang litho tse ling tsa lelapa la hau. Ithute hore na ke mefuta efe ea kankere e nang le liteko tse fumanehang, hore na liphetho li bolelang, le lintho tse ling tseo u lokelang ho nahana ka tsona pele u hlahlojoa.

Kajeno, re tseba liphetoho tse khethehileng tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso tse ka bakang mofetše o fetang 50, mme tsebo e ntse e hola.

Phetoho e le 'ngoe ea liphatsa tsa lefutso e ka tlamelloa mefuteng e fapaneng ea mofetše, eseng e le' ngoe feela.

• Mohlala, liphetoho liphatseng tsa lefutso tsa BRCA1 le BRCA2 li hokahane le mofetše oa matsoele, mofetše oa mae a bomme le mefuta e meng e 'maloa ea mofetše, ho banna le basali. Hoo e ka bang halofo ea basali ba futsitseng liphetoho tsa lefutso tsa BRCA1 kapa BRCA2 ba tla ba le mofetše oa matsoele a le lilemo li 70.
• Li-polyps kapa kholo ea lesela la colon kapa rectum li ka amahanngoa le mofetše mme ka linako tse ling e ka ba karolo ea lefu le futsitsoeng.

Liphetoho tsa lefutso li hokahane le mofetše o latelang:

• Letswele (monna le mosadi)
• Ovarian
• Tšoelesa ea senya
• Pancreatic
• Lesapo
• Lefuemia
• Tšoelesa ea adrenal
• Thyroid
• Endometrial
• E nepahetse
• Mala a manyane
• Noka ea renal
• Sebete kapa pampitšana ea biliary
• Mala
• Boko
• Leihlo
• Melanoma
• Parathyroid
• Tšoelesa ea pituitary
• Liphio

Matšoao a hore mofetše o ka ba le sesosa sa lefutso a kenyelletsa:

• Kankere e fumanoang e le monyane ho feta lilemo tse tloaelehileng
• Mefuta e mengata ea mofetše ho motho a le mong
• Kankere e hlahang makaleng ka bobeli a kopaneng, joalo ka matsoele ka bobeli kapa liphio
• Beng ka motho ba 'maloa ba nang le mofuta o tšoanang oa mofets'e
• Maemo a sa tloaelehang a mofuta o itseng oa mofets'e, joalo ka mofets'e oa matsoele ho monna
• Bokooa ba pelehi bo amanang le mofetše o itseng o futsitsoeng
• Ho ba karolo ea morabe kapa morabe o nang le kotsi e kholo ea mofetše o itseng hammoho le e le 'ngoe kapa tse' maloa tse kaholimo

O ka qala ka ho ba le tekolo ho bona hore na o kotsing e kae. Moeletsi oa lefutso o tla odara tlhahlobo ka mor'a ho bua le uena ka bophelo bo botle le litlhoko tsa hau. Baeletsi ba lefutso ba koetliselitsoe ho u tsebisa ntle le ho leka ho tataisa qeto ea hau. Ka tsela eo o ka nka qeto ea hore na tlhahlobo e nepahetse ho uena.

Ho etsa liteko ho sebetsa joang:

• Mali, mathe, lisele tsa letlalo, kapa amniotic fluid (ho pota lesea le ntseng le hola) li ka sebelisoa ho etsa liteko.
• Mehlala e romelloa laborateng e sebetsanang le liteko tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso. Ho ka nka libeke tse 'maloa ho fumana liphetho.
• Hang ha u se u fumane litholoana, u tla bua le moeletsi oa liphatsa tsa lefutso ka hore na li ka bolela eng ho uena.

Ha o ntse o ka khona ho odara liteko u le mong, ke mohopolo o motle ho sebetsa le moeletsi oa liphatsa tsa lefutso. Li ka u thusa ho utloisisa melemo le meeli ea sephetho sa hau, le liketso tse ka bang teng. Hape, ba ka u thusa ho utloisisa hore na ho ka bolelang ho litho tsa lelapa, le ho ba eletsa.

O tla hloka ho saena foromo ea tumello e nang le tsebo pele o etsoa tlhahlobo.

Ho lekoa ho ka tseba ho u joetsa hore na u na le phetoho ea lefutso e hokahaneng le sehlopha sa mofets'e. Sephetho se setle se bolela hore o na le kotsi e kholo ea ho fumana mofetše.

Leha ho le joalo, sephetho se setle ha se bolele hore o tla ba le mofetše. Liphatsa tsa lefutso li rarahane. Liphatsa tsa lefutso tse tšoanang li ka ama motho e mong ka tsela e fapaneng le ea e mong.

Ehlile, sephetho se fosahetseng ha se bolele hore u ke ke ua hlola u tšoaroa ke mofetše. O kanna oa se be kotsing ka lebaka la liphatsa tsa hau tsa lefutso, empa o ntse o ka ba le mofets'e ka lebaka le leng.

Liphetho tsa hau li kanna tsa se be bonolo joaloka tse ntle le tse mpe. Teko e kanna ea fumana phetoho liphatseng tsa lefutso tseo litsebi li sa li tsebang e le kotsi ea mofets'e hona joale. U kanna oa ba le nalane e matla ea lelapa ea mofets'e o itseng le litlamorao tse mpe tsa phetoho ea lefutso. Moeletsi oa hau oa lefutso o tla hlalosa mefuta ena ea liphetho.

Hape ho kanna ha ba le liphetoho tse ling tsa lefutso tse so tsejoeng. O ka lekoa feela bakeng sa liphetoho tsa lefutso tseo re li tsebang kajeno. Mosebetsi o ntse o tsoela pele ho etsa hore liteko tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso li rutehe le ho nepahala haholoanyane.

Ho etsa qeto ea hore na o tla etsa liteko tsa lefutso ke qeto ea motho ka mong. U kanna ua batla ho nahana ka liteko tsa lefutso haeba:

• U na le beng ka uena ba haufi (mme, ntate, likhaitseli, banab'eno, bana) ba bileng le mofuta o tšoanang oa mofets'e.
• Batho ba lelapa la hau ba bile le mofetše o amanang le phetoho ea lefutso, joalo ka mofets'e oa matsoele kapa oa mae a bomme.
• Litho tsa hau tsa lelapa li na le mofetše o le monyane ho feta se tloaelehileng bakeng sa mofuta oo oa mofets'e.
• U bile le liphetho tsa tlhahlobo ea mofets'e tse ka supang lisosa tsa lefutso.
• Litho tsa lelapa li bile le liteko tsa lefutso mme li bile le litholoana tse ntle.

Ho etsa liteko ho ka etsoa ho batho ba baholo, bana, esita le leseeng le emmeng le ntseng le hola.

Tlhahisoleseling eo u e fumanang tlhahlobong ea liphatsa tsa lefutso e ka u thusa ho tataisa liqeto tsa hau tsa bophelo bo botle le khetho ea bophelo. Ho na le melemo e meng ea ho tseba haeba u na le phetoho ea lefutso. U ka khona ho theola menyetla ea hau ea mofetše kapa oa e thibela ka:

• Ho etsoa opereishene.
• Ho fetola tsela eo u phelang ka eona.
• Ho qala tlhahlobo ea mofets'e. Sena se ka u thusa ho tšoaroa ke mofetše kapele, ha o ka phekoloa habonolo.

Haeba u se u ntse u na le mofetše, liteko li ka thusa ho tataisa kalafo e lebisitsoeng.

Haeba u ntse u nahana ka liteko, tsena ke lipotso tseo u ka batlang ho li botsa mofani oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo kapa moeletsi oa liphatsa tsa lefutso:

• Na ho hlahlojoa ha liphatsa tsa lefutso ho ntoketse?
• Ke liteko life tse tla etsoa? Teko e nepahetse hakae?
• Na liphetho li tla nthusa?
• Likarabo li ka nkama joang maikutlong?
• Kotsi ea ho fetisetsa phetoho baneng ba ka ke efe?
• Tsebiso eo e tla ama beng ka nna le likamano joang?
• Na tlhahisoleseling ke ea lekunutu?
• Ke mang ea tla fumana leseli?
• Ke mang ea tla lefella liteko (tse ka jang lidolara tse likete)?

Pele o etsa tlhahlobo, etsa bonnete ba hore o utloisisa ts'ebetso le hore na litholoana li ka bolela eng ho uena le ba lelapa la hau.

U lokela ho letsetsa mofani oa hau haeba u:

• Ba ntse ba nahana ka liteko tsa lefutso
• Ke kopa ho bua ka liphetho tsa liteko tsa lefutso

Liphetoho tsa lefutso; Liphetoho tse futsitsoeng; Tlhahlobo ea liphatsa tsa lefutso - mofetše

Webosaete ea American Cancer Society. Ho utloisisa liteko tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa mofetše. www.cancer.org/cancer/cancer-causes/genetics/understanding-genetic-testing-for-cancer.html. E ntlafalitsoe ka la 10 Mmesa, 2017. E fihlile ka la 6 Mphalane, 2020.

Webosaete ea National Cancer Institute. Liphetoho tsa BRCA: kotsi ea mofets'e le liteko tsa lefutso. www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/genetics/brca-fact-sheet. E ntlafalitsoe ka la 30 Pherekhong 2018. E fihlile ka la 6 Mphalane, 2020.

Webosaete ea National Cancer Institute. Ho etsa liteko tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa li-syndromes tsa mofetše oa lefutso. www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/genetics/genetic-testing-fact-sheet. E ntlafalitsoe ka la 15 Hlakubele 2019. E fihlile ka la 6 Mphalane, 2020.

Walsh MF, Cadoo K, Salo-Mullen EE, Dubard-GaultM, Stadler ZK, Offit K. Lintho tsa lefutso: kankere ea lefutso e tlatsetsang syndromes. Ka: Niederhuber JE, Armitage JO, Kastan MB, Doroshow JH, Tepper JE, bahlophisi. Abeloff's Clinical Oncology. La 6th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: khaolo ea 13.

• Kankere
• Teko ea liphatsa tsa lefutso