Mathata a ho itšireletsa mafung

Mathata a ho itšireletsa mafung a hlaha ha 'mele o fokotsa kapa o le sieo.

Sesole sa mmele se entsoe ka lisele tsa lymphoid 'meleng, tse kenyeletsang:

• Lesapo la masapo
• Lymph nodes
• Likarolo tsa spleen le pampiri ea meno
• Thymus
• Lithone

Liprotheine le lisele tse maling le tsona ke karolo ea sesole sa 'mele.

Masole a mmele a thusa ho sireletsa mmele dintho tse kotsi tse bitswang antigen. Mehlala ea li-antigen e kenyelletsa libaktheria, livaerase, chefo, lisele tsa mofetše le mali a kantle ho naha kapa lisele tse tsoang ho motho e mong kapa mofuta o mong.

Ha masole a mmele a lemoha antigen, a arabela ka ho hlahisa diprotheine tse bitswang masole a mmele tse senyang dintho tse kotsi. Karabelo ea sesole sa 'mele ea' mele e boetse e kenyelletsa ts'ebetso e bitsoang phagocytosis. Nakong ea ts'ebetso ena, lisele tse tšoeu tsa mali li koenya le ho senya libaktheria le lintho tse ling tse tsoang kantle ho naha. Liprotheine tse bitsoang tlatsetso thusa ka ts'ebetso ena.

Mathata a ho itšireletsa mafung a ka ama karolo efe kapa efe ea sesole sa 'mele. Hangata, maemo ana a etsahala ha lisele tse tšoeu tse khethehileng tsa mali tse bitsoang T kapa B lymphocyte (kapa ka bobeli) li sa sebetse ka mokhoa o tloaelehileng kapa 'mele oa hau ha o hlahise lithibela-mafu tse lekaneng.

Mathata a futsitsoeng a ho itšireletsa mafung a amang lisele tsa B a kenyelletsa:

• Hypogammaglobulinemia, eo hangata e lebisang ho tšoaetso ea phefumoloho le mala
• Agammaglobulinemia, e hlahisang tšoaetso e matla qalong ea bophelo, mme hangata e bolaea

Mathata a futsitsoeng a ho itšireletsa mafung a amang lisele tsa T a ka baka tšoaetso ea Candida (tomoso) khafetsa. Ho itšireletsa mafung ho kopantsoeng e le karolo ea lisele tsa T le lisele tsa B. E kanna ea ba e bolaeang selemong sa pele sa bophelo haeba e sa phekoloe kapele.

Batho ba boleloa hore ba itšireletsa mafung ha ba na le bothata ba ho itšireletsa mafung ka lebaka la meriana e fokolisang sesole sa 'mele (joalo ka corticosteroids). Ho imeloa kelellong hape ke litla-morao tse tloaelehileng tsa chemotherapy e fuoang ho alafa mofetše.

Ho itšireletsa mafung ho ka ba bothata ba mafu a kang HIV / AIDS le khaello ea phepo e nepahetseng (haholo haeba motho a sa je liprotheine tse lekaneng). Mefuta e mengata ea mofetše e ka baka khaello ea 'mele.

Batho ba tlositsoeng spleen ba na le khaello ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung,' me ba kotsing e kholo ea ho tšoaetsoa ke libaktheria tse ling tseo spleen e ka thusang ho li loantša. Batho ba nang le lefu la tsoekere le bona ba kotsing e kholo ea tšoaetso e itseng.

Ha u ntse u tsofala, sesole sa 'mele ha se sebetse hantle. Lisele tsa immune system (haholo-holo lisele tsa lymphoid tse kang thymus) lia fokotseha, 'me palo le ts'ebetso ea lisele tse tšoeu tsa mali lia theoha.

Maemo le maloetse a latelang a ka baka bothata ba ho itšireletsa mafung:

• Ataxia-telangiectasia
• Tlatsa khaello
• Lefu la DiGeorge
• Hypogammaglobulinemia
• Lefu la Jobo
• Liphoso tsa khokahano ea leukocyte
• Agammaglobulinemia
• Lefu la Wiskott-Aldrich

Mofani oa hao oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo a ka nahana hore u na le bothata ba ho itšireletsa mafung haeba u na le:

• Tšoaetso e lulang e khutla kapa e sa fele
• Tšoaetso e matla ea baktheria kapa likokoana-hloko tse ling tse sa atiseng ho baka tšoaetso e matla

Lipontšo tse ling li kenyelletsa:

• Karabelo e fosahetseng kalafong ea mafu
• Ho hlaphoheloa ka nako e khutšoanyane kapa ho sa fella
• Mefuta e meng ea mofetše (joalo ka Kaposi sarcoma kapa non-Hodgkin lymphoma)
• Matšoao a mang (ho kenyelletsa mefuta e meng ea pneumonia kapa tšoaetso ea tomoso e phetoang)

Matšoao a ipapisitse le bothata bona. Mohlala, ba nang le maemo a fokotsehileng a IgA a kopaneng le maemo a tlase a li-subclass tsa IgG ba kanna ba ba le mathata a amanang le matšoafo, libe, litsebe, 'metso le tšilo ea lijo.

Liteko tse sebelisitsoeng ho thusa ho fumana bothata ba ho itšireletsa mafung li ka kenyelletsa:

• Tlatsa maemo maling, kapa liteko tse ling ho metha lintho tse lokolloang ke sesole sa 'mele
• Teko ea HIV
• Tekanyo ea Immunoglobulin maling
• Protheine electrophoresis (mali kapa moroto)
• T (thymus e fumanoeng) palo ea lymphocyte
• Palo ea lisele tse tšoeu tsa mali

Morero oa kalafo ke ho thibela tšoaetso le ho phekola mafu le tšoaetso efe kapa efe e hlahang.

Haeba o na le sesole sa 'mele se fokolang, o lokela ho qoba ho kopana le batho ba nang le ts'oaetso kapa mafu a tšoaetsanoang. U kanna ua tlameha ho qoba batho ba entetsoeng liente tsa vaerase e phelang nakong ea libeke tse 2 tse fetileng.

Haeba u ba le tšoaetso, mofani oa hau o tla u tšoara hampe. Sena se ka kenyelletsa tšebeliso ea nako e telele ea lithibela-mafu kapa lithethefatsi tse thibelang mafu ho thibela tšoaetso ho khutla.

Interferon e sebelisetsoa ho alafa tšoaetso ea vaerase le mefuta e meng ea mofets'e. Ke moriana o etsang hore sesole sa 'mele se sebetse hantle.

Batho ba nang le HIV / AIDS ba ka sebelisa litlhare tse kopaneng ho fokotsa bongata ba HIV masoleng a bona a 'mele le ho ntlafatsa boits'ireletso ba mmele.

Batho ba tla ba le morero oa ho tlosa spleen ba lokela ho entoa libeke tse 2 pele ho ts'ebetso ea ho buoa khahlanong le libaktheria tse kang Pneumonia ea Streptococcus le Haemophilus influenzae. Batho ba e-s'o enteloe pejana kapa ba se nang boits'ireletso ba mmele ba lokelang ho fumana MMR, le liente tsa pox pox. Ntle le moo, ho boetse ho khothaletsoa hore batho ba fumane letoto la ente ea DTaP kapa thunya ea booster ha ho hlokahala.

Ho fetisoa ha moko oa masapo ho ka sebelisoa ho phekola maemo a itseng a ho itšireletsa mafung.

Ho itšireletsa mafung (ho amohela li-antibodies tse hlahisoang ke motho e mong kapa phoofolo) ka linako tse ling ho ka khothaletsoa ho thibela bokuli kamora hore u pepesehe libaktheria kapa livaerase tse itseng.

Batho ba nang le maemo a tlase kapa a le sieo a li-immunoglobulin tse itseng ba ka thusoa ka intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), e fanoang ka mothapo.

Mathata a mang a immunodeficiency a bobebe mme a baka ho kula nako le nako. Tse ling li matla 'me li ka bolaea. Ho imeloa kelellong ho bakoang ke meriana hangata hoa fela hang ha moriana o emisoa.

Mathata a mathata a ho itšireletsa mafung a kenyeletsa:

• Ho kula khafetsa kapa ho tsoelang pele
• Kotsi e eketsehileng ea mofets'e kapa lihlahala
• Kotsi e eketsehileng ea tšoaetso

Bitsa mofani oa hau hang-hang haeba u le chemotherapy kapa corticosteroids 'me u hlahisa:

• Feberu ea 100.5 ° F (38 ° C) kapa ho feta
• Ho kgohlela ka phefumoloho e kgutshwane
• Bohloko ba mala
• Matšoao a mang a macha

E-ea kamoreng ea maemo a tšohanyetso kapa u letsetse nomoro ea hau ea tšohanyetso ea lehae (joalo ka 911) haeba u le molala o thata le hlooho e bohloko ka feberu.

Ikopanye le mofani oa hau haeba u pheta tšoaetso ea tomoso kapa thrush ea molomo.

Ha ho na mokhoa o tsebahalang oa ho thibela mathata a futsitsoeng a ho itšireletsa mafung. Haeba u na le nalane ea lelapa ea mathata a ho itšireletsa mafung, u kanna ua batla ho fumana tlhabollo ea lefutso.

Ho etsa thobalano e sireletsehileng le ho qoba ho arolelana maro a 'mele ho ka thusa ho thibela HIV / AIDS. Botsa mofani oa hau hore na moriana o bitsoang Truvada o nepahetse bakeng sa hau ho thibela tšoaetso ea HIV.

Phepo e nepahetseng e ka thibela khaello ea 'mele e bakoang ke khaello ea phepo e nepahetseng.

Khatello ea 'mele; Khatello ea boits'oaro - ho itšireletsa mafung; Khatello ea boits'oaro - ho itšireletsa mafung; Hypogammaglobulinemia - ho itšireletsa mafung; Agammaglobulinemia - ho itšireletsa mafung

• Masole a mmele

Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai S. Congenital mme ba fumana matla a ho itšireletsa mafung. Ka: Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai S, bahlophisi. Immunology ea lisele le limolek'hule. La 9th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: khaolo ea 21.

Bonanni P, Grazzini M, Niccolai G, le al. Liente tse khothalletsoang bakeng sa bakuli ba baholo ba asplenic le hyposplenic. Hum Vaccin Haufi. 2017; 13 (2): 359-368. PMID: 27929751 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27929751/.

Cunningham-Rundles C. Maloetse a mantlha a ho itšireletsa mafung. Ka: Goldman L, Schafer AI, li-eds. Phekolo ea Goldman-Cecil. La 26th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: khaolo ea 236.