Mononeuropathy

Mononeuropathy ke tšenyo ea methapo e le 'ngoe, e fellang ka tahlehelo ea motsamao, maikutlo, kapa ts'ebetso e' ngoe ea methapo eo.

Mononeuropathy ke mofuta oa tšenyo ea methapo e kantle ho boko le lesapo la mokokotlo (peripheral neuropathy).

Mononeuropathy hangata e bakoa ke kotsi. Maloetse a amang 'mele oohle (mathata a systemic) a ka baka tšenyo ea methapo e ka thoko.

Khatello ea nako e telele mokokotlong ka lebaka la ho ruruha kapa kotsi e ka baka mononeuropathy. Sekoahelo sa methapo (myelin sheath) kapa karolo ea sele ea methapo (axon) e ka senyeha. Tšenyo ena e liehisa kapa e thibela matšoao ho tsamaea methapong e senyehileng.

Mononeuropathy e ka kenyelletsa karolo efe kapa efe ea 'mele. Mefuta e meng e tloaelehileng ea mononeuropathy e kenyelletsa:

• Ho se sebetse ha methapo ea methapo (tahlehelo ea motsamao kapa maikutlo mahetleng)
• Ho se sebetse ha methapo e tloaelehileng ea methapo ea kutlo (tahlehelo ea motsamao kapa maikutlo a leoto le leoto)
• Carpal tunnel Syndrome
• Cranial mononeuropathy III, IV, khatello kapa mofuta oa lefu la tsoekere
• Cranial mononeuropathy VI (pono e habeli)
• Cranial mononeuropathy VII (ho holofala sefahleho)
• Ho se sebetse ha methapo ea basali (tahlehelo ea motsamao kapa maikutlo a itseng karolong ea leoto)
• Ho se sebetse ha methapo ea methapo (mathata a ho sisinyeha letsohong le letsohong le ho utloa bohloko ka morao letsohong kapa letsohong)
• Ho se sebetse ha methapo ea mahlaba (bothata ba mesifa e ka morao ea lengole le leoto le ka tlase, le maikutlo ho mokokotlo oa serope, karolo ea leoto le ka tlase, le bohato ba leoto)
• Ho se sebetse ha methapo ea ulnar (lefu la methapo ea methapo - ho kenyelletsa ho ba shohlo, ho hlohlona, ​​bofokoli ba kantle le bokantle ba letsoho, palema, lesale le menoana e menyenyane)

Matšoao a ipapisitse le methapo e itseng e amehileng, mme e ka kenyelletsa:

• Ho lahleheloa ke maikutlo
• Ho shoa litho
• Ho lla, ho cha, bohloko, maikutlo a sa tloaelehang
• Bofokoli

Mofani oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo o tla etsa tlhahlobo ea 'mele mme a shebane le sebaka se amehileng. Ho hlokahala nalane e felletseng ea bongaka ho fumana hore na sesosa sa bothata ke eng.

Liteko tse ka etsoang li kenyelletsa:

• Electromyogram (EMG) ho lekola ts'ebetso ea motlakase mesifa
• Liteko tsa ho tsamaisa methapo (NCV) ho lekola lebelo la ts'ebetso ea motlakase methapong
• Mothapo oa methapo ea kutlo ho bona methapo
• X-ray, MRI kapa CT scan ho fumana pono e akaretsang ea sebaka se amehileng
• Liteko tsa mali
• Bokooa ba methapo (haeba ho ka ba le mononeuropathy ka lebaka la vasculitis)
• Tlhatlhobo ea CSF
• Letlalo biopsy

Morero oa kalafo ke ho o lumella ho sebelisa karolo ea 'mele e amehileng ka hohle kamoo ho ka khonehang.

Maemo a mang a bongaka a etsa hore methapo e atamelehe habonolo. Ka mohlala, khatello e phahameng ea mali le lefu la tsoekere li ka lematsa mothapo, o atisang ho ama methapo e le 'ngoe. Kahoo, boemo ba mantlha bo lokela ho phekoloa.

Khetho ea kalafo e ka kenyelletsa efe kapa efe ea tse latelang:

• Holim'a lipilisi tse rekisang bohloko tse kang li-anti-inflammatory bakeng sa bohloko bo bobebe
• Ho imeloa kelellong, li-anticonvulsants, le meriana e tšoanang bakeng sa bohloko bo sa foleng
• Liente tsa meriana ea steroid ho fokotsa ho ruruha le khatello ea methapo
• Ho buoa ho fokotsa khatello ea methapo
• Ho ikoetlisa ho boloka matla a mesifa
• Li-brace, maballo, kapa lisebelisoa tse ling ho thusa ka motsamao
• Ts'ebetso ea methapo ea motlakase e fetisang (TENS) ho ntlafatsa bohloko ba methapo bo amanang le lefu la tsoekere

Mononeuropathy e kanna ea holofatsa ebile ea utloisa bohloko. Haeba sesosa sa ho se sebetse ha methapo se ka fumanoa 'me sa phekoloa ka katleho, ho ka fola ka botlalo maemong a mang.

Mahlaba a methapo a ka ba a sa phutholoha mme a nka nako e telele.

Mathata a ka kenyelletsa:

• Ho holofala, ho lahleheloa ke lisele tsa 'mele
• Litla-morao tsa meriana
• Kotsi e phetoang kapa e sa tsejoeng sebakeng se anngoeng ke lebaka la ho hloka maikutlo

Ho qoba khatello kapa kotsi e bohloko ho ka thibela mefuta e mengata ea mononeuropathy. Ho phekola maemo a kang khatello e phahameng ea mali kapa lefu la tsoekere le hona ho fokotsa menyetla ea ho ba le boemo boo.

Neuropathy; Mononeuritis e arohaneng

• Sisteme ea methapo e bohareng le methapo ea methapo

Setsi sa Naha sa Mathata a Neurological le webosaete ea Stroke. Leqephe la lintlha tsa pheripheral neuropathy. www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/Patient-Caregiver-Education/Fact-Sheets/Peripheral-Neuropathy-Fact-Sheet. E ntlafalitsoe ka la 16 Hlakubele 2020. E fihlile ka Phato 20, 2020.

Smith G, ke lihlong ME. Pheripheral neuropathies. Ka: Goldman L, Schafer AI, li-eds. Phekolo ea Goldman-Cecil. La 26th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: khaolo ea 392.

Lehloa DC, Bunney EB. Mathata a methapo ea kutlo. Ka: Marako RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, eds. Rosen's Emergency Medicine: Likhopolo le Tloaelo ea Kliniki. La 9th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: khaolo ea 97.