Lefu la Alzheimer

Dementia ke tahlehelo ea ts'ebetso ea boko e hlahang ka mafu a itseng. Lefu la Alzheimer (AD) ke mofuta o atileng haholo oa 'dementia'. E ama mohopolo, monahano le boitšoaro.

Ha ho tsejoe hore na hantle-ntle sesosa sa lefu la Alzheimer ke eng. Phuputso e bonts'a hore liphetoho tse ling bokong li lebisa ho lefu la Alzheimer.

U na le monyetla oa ho ba le lefu la Alzheimer haeba u:

• Ba tsofetse - Ho ba le lefu la Alzheimer ha se karolo ea botsofali bo tloaelehileng.
• Ho ba le mong ka uena ea haufi, joalo ka abuti, khaitseli, kapa motsoali ea nang le lefu la Alzheimer.
• E-na le liphatsa tsa lefutso tse amanang le lefu la Alzheimer.

Tse latelang li ka eketsa kotsi:

• Ho ba motho e motshehadi
• Ho ba le mathata a pelo le methapo ea mali ka lebaka la k'holeseterole e phahameng
• Nalane ea ts'itiso ea hlooho

Ho na le mefuta e 'meli ea lefu la Alzheimer:

• Lefu la Alzheimer le qala -- Matšoao a hlaha pele ho lilemo tse 60. Mofuta ona ha o atisehe haholo ho feta qalong ea nako. E atisa ho mpefala kapele. Boloetse bo qalang bo ka hlaha malapeng. Ho fumanoe liphatsa tsa lefutso tse 'maloa.
• Boloetse ba Alzheimer bo morao -- Ena ke mofuta o tloaelehileng haholo. E etsahala ho batho ba lilemo li 60 le ho feta. E ka sebetsa malapeng a mang, empa karolo ea liphatsa tsa lefutso ha e hlake hantle.

Matšoao a lefu la Alzheimer a kenyelletsa ho thatafalloa ke likarolo tse ngata tsa ts'ebetso ea kelello, ho kenyelletsa:

• Boitšoaro ba maikutlo kapa botho
• Puo
• Khopotso
• Temoho
• Ho nahana le kahlolo (tsebo ea kutloisiso)

Lefu la Alzheimer hangata le hlaha e le ho lebala.

Bofokoli bo bonolo ba kutloisiso (MCI) ke mohato o pakeng tsa ho lebala ho tloaelehileng ka lebaka la botsofali, le nts'etsopele ea lefu la Alzheimer. Batho ba nang le MCI ba na le mathata a bobebe ka menahano le mohopolo tse sa sitiseng mesebetsi ea letsatsi le letsatsi. Hangata ba tseba ho lebala. Ha se motho e mong le e mong ea nang le MCI ea nang le lefu la Alzheimer.

Matšoao a MCI a kenyelletsa:

• Ho ba thata ho etsa mesebetsi e fetang e le 'ngoe ka nako
• Ho thata ho rarolla mathata
• Ho lebala liketsahalo tsa morao-rao kapa meqoqo
• Ho nka nako e telele ho etsa mesebetsi e thata haholo

Matšoao a pele a lefu la Alzheimer a kenyeletsa:

• Ho thatafalloa ho etsa mesebetsi e nahanang, empa e tloaetse ho tla ha bonolo, joalo ka ho lekanya buka ea ho hlahloba, ho bapala lipapali tse rarahaneng (borokho), le ho ithuta tlhaiso-leseling e ncha kapa tloaelo
• Ho lahleha litseleng tse tloaelehileng
• Mathata a puo, joalo ka bothata ba ho hopola mabitso a lintho tse tloaelehileng
• Ho felloa ke thahasello linthong tse neng li natefeloa pele le ho ba le maikutlo a bataletseng
• Ho beha lintho tse fosahetseng
• Liphetoho tsa botho le tahlehelo ea tsebo ea sechaba

Ha lefu la Alzheimer le ntse le mpefala, matšoao a totobetse mme a kena-kenana le bokhoni ba ho itlhokomela. Matšoao a ka kenyelletsa:

• Fetola mekhoa ea boroko, hangata a tsoha bosiu
• Ho tsieleha, khatello ea maikutlo le ho ferekana
• Ho ba thata ho etsa mesebetsi ea mantlha, e kang ho pheha lijo, ho khetha liaparo tse nepahetseng le ho khanna
• Ho thata ho bala kapa ho ngola
• Ho lebala lintlha ka liketsahalo tsa morao-rao
• Ho lebala liketsahalo tsa nalane ea bophelo ba motho le ho lahleheloa ke boitsebelo
• Litoro, likhang, le boitšoaro bo mabifi
• Kahlolo e fosahetseng le tahlehelo ea bokhoni ba ho lemoha kotsi
• Ho sebelisa lentsoe le fosahetseng, ho bitsa mantsoe hampe, kapa ho bua lipolelo tse ferekanyang
• Ho tlohela ho kopana le sechaba

Batho ba nang le lefu le matla la Alzheimer ha ba sa khona ho:

• Lemoha litho tsa lelapa
• Etsa mesebetsi ea mantlha ea bophelo ba letsatsi le letsatsi, joalo ka ho ja, ho apara le ho hlapa
• Utloisisa puo

Matšoao a mang a ka bang teng ka lefu la Alzheimer:

• Mathata a ho laola mantle kapa moroto
• Ho metsa mathata

Mofani ea nang le boiphihlelo oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo hangata a ka hlahloba lefu la Alzheimer ka mehato e latelang:

• Ho etsa tlhahlobo e felletseng ea 'mele, ho kenyeletsoa le tlhahlobo ea sistimi ea methapo
• Ho botsa ka nalane ea motho ea bongaka le matšoao a hae
• Liteko tsa ts'ebetso ea kelello (tlhahlobo ea boemo ba kelello)

Ho fumanoa lefu la Alzheimer ho etsoa ha matšoao a mang a le teng, le ka ho netefatsa hore lisosa tse ling tsa 'dementia' ha li eo.

Liteko li ka etsoa ho hlakola lisosa tse ling tsa 'dementia' ho kenyeletsoa:

• Khaello ea mali
• Hlahala ea boko
• Tšoaetso ea nako e telele (e sa foleng)
• Ho tahoa ke meriana
• Ho tepella maikutlo ho matla
• Ho eketsa mokelikeli bokong (khatello e tloaelehileng ea hydrocephalus)
• Leqeba
• Boloetse ba qoqotho
• Khaello ea vithamine

CT kapa MRI ea boko e ka etsoa ho batla lisosa tse ling tsa 'dementia', joalo ka hlahala bokong kapa stroke. Ka linako tse ling, PET scan e ka sebelisoa ho felisa lefu la Alzheimer.

Mokhoa o le mong feela oa ho tseba hore motho o na le lefu la Alzheimer ke ho lekola sampole ea lisele tsa bona tsa boko kamora lefu.

Ha ho na pheko bakeng sa lefu la Alzheimer. Morero oa kalafo ke:

• Butle-butle tsoelo-pele ea lefu lena (leha ho le thata ho etsa sena)
• Laola matšoao, joalo ka mathata a boits'oaro, pherekano le mathata a boroko
• Fetola maemo a lapeng ho etsa hore mesebetsi ea letsatsi le letsatsi e be bonolo
• Ts'ehetsa litho tsa lelapa le bahlokomeli ba bang

Meriana e sebelisetsoa ho:

• Butle butle moo matšoao a mpefalang, leha melemo ea ho sebelisa lithethefatsi tsena e ka ba nyane
• Laola mathata ka boits'oaro, joalo ka tahlehelo ea kahlolo kapa pherekano

Pele o sebelisa meriana ena, botsa mofani oa litšebeletso:

• Litla-morao ke life? Na moriana o lokela ho ipeha kotsing?
• Nako e ntle ea ho sebelisa meriana ee ke efe, haeba e teng?
• Na meriana ea mathata a mang a bophelo e hloka ho fetoloa kapa ho emisoa?

Motho ea nang le lefu la Alzheimer o tla hloka ts'ehetso lapeng ha lefu lena le ntse le mpefala. Litho tsa lelapa kapa bahlokomeli ba bang ba ka thusa ka ho thusa motho ho sebetsana ka katleho le ho lahleheloa ke mohopolo le boitšoaro le mathata a boroko. Ho bohlokoa ho netefatsa hore lehae la motho ea nang le lefu la Alzheimer le bolokehile bakeng sa bona.

Ho ba le lefu la Alzheimer kapa ho hlokomela motho ea nang le boemo boo e ka ba phephetso. U ka fokotsa khatello ea maikutlo ea bokuli ka ho batla ts'ehetso ka lisebelisoa tsa lefu la Alzheimer.Ho arolelana le ba bang ba nang le liphihlelo tse tšoanang le mathata ho ka u thusa hore u se ke ua ikutloa u le mong.

Hore na lefu la Alzheimer le mpefala kapele hakae ho fapane ho motho e mong le e mong. Haeba lefu la Alzheimer le hlaha kapele, ho ka etsahala hore le mpefale kapele.

Batho ba nang le lefu la Alzheimer hangata ba shoa pele ho nako e tloaelehileng, leha motho a ka phela lilemo tse 3 ho isa ho tse 20 kamora ho fumanoa.

Malapa a kanna a hloka ho rera moralo oa tlhokomelo ea moratuoa oa bona nakong e tlang.

Karolo ea ho qetela ea lefu lena e ka nka likhoeli tse 'maloa ho isa ho lilemo tse' maloa. Nakong eo, motho o holofala ka botlalo. Lefu hangata le hlaha ho tsoa tšoaetsong kapa ho hloleha ha setho.

Letsetsa mofani haeba:

• Matšoao a lefu la Alzheimer a hlaha kapa motho o fetoha ka tšohanyetso maemong a kelello
• Boemo ba motho ea nang le lefu la Alzheimer bo mpefala
• U sitoa ho hlokomela motho ea nang le lefu la Alzheimer hae

Leha ho se na mokhoa o netefalitsoeng oa ho thibela lefu la Alzheimer, ho na le mehato e meng e ka thusang ho thibela kapa ho liehisa ho qala ha lefu la Alzheimer:

• Lula lijong tse nang le mafura a fokolang 'me u je lijo tse nang le omega-3 fatty acids.
• Fumana boikoetliso bo bongata.
• Lula u le mafolofolo kelellong le sechabeng.
• Roala helmete nakong ea likotsi ho thibela likotsi tsa boko.

'Dementia' ea senile - mofuta oa Alzheimer (SDAT); SDAT; Dementia - Alzheimer

• Ho buisana le motho ea nang le aphasia
• Ho buisana le motho ea nang le dysarthria
• Dementia le ho khanna
• Dementia - boitšoaro le mathata a boroko
• Dementia - tlhokomelo ea letsatsi le letsatsi
• Dementia - ho ipoloka o bolokehile ka lapeng
• Dementia - seo u lokelang ho se botsa ngaka ea hau
• Ho ja likhalori tse eketsehileng ha u kula - batho ba baholo
• Ho thibela ho oa

• Lefu la Alzheimer

Webosaete ea Alzheimer's Association. Phatlalatso ea boralitaba: Litaelo tsa pele tsa boits'oaro bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea bongaka ea lefu la Alzheimer le 'dementia' tse ling bakeng sa tlhokomelo ea mantlha le e khethehileng. www.alz.org/aaic/releases_2018/AAIC18-Sun-clinical-practice-guidelines.asp. E ntlafalitsoe ka la 22 Phupu 2018. E fihlile ka la 16 Mmesa, 2020.

Knopman DS. Bofokoli ba kelello le 'dementia'. Ka: Goldman L, Schafer AI, li-eds. Phekolo ea Goldman-Cecil. La 26th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: khaolo ea 374.

Martínez G, Vernooij RW, Fuentes Padilla P, Zamora J, Bonfill Cosp X, Flicker L. 18F PET e nang le florbetapir bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea pele ea lefu la 'dementia' ea lefu la Alzheimer le 'dementia' tse ling ho batho ba nang le ts'oaetso e bonolo ea kutloisiso (MCI). Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017; 11 (11): CD012216. PMID: 29164603 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29164603/.

Peterson R, Graff-Radford J. Alzheimer le mafu a mang a 'dementia'. Ka: Daroff RB, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL, bahlophisi. Neurology ea Bradley ho Tloaelo ea Bongaka. La 7th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: khaolo ea 95.

PD ea Sloane, Kaufer DI. Lefu la Alzheimer. Ka: Kellerman RD, Rakel DP, eds. Phekolo ea Hajoale ea Conn ea 2020. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier 2020: 681-686.