Hlahala ea pituitary

Hlahala ea pituitary ke kholo e sa tloaelehang ea tšoelesa ea pituitary. Pituitary ke tšoelesa e nyane botlaaseng ba boko. E laola botsitso ba 'mele ba lihomone tse ngata.

Boholo ba lihlahala tsa pituitary ha li na mofets'e (benign). Ho fihlela ho 20% ea batho ba na le lihlahala tsa pituitary. Bongata ba lihlahala tsena ha li bake matšoao 'me ha ho mohla li fumanoang nakong ea bophelo ba motho eo.

Pituitary ke karolo ea sistimi ea endocrine. Pituitary e thusa ho laola ho tsoa ha lihormone ho tsoa ho litšoelesa tse ling tsa endocrine, joalo ka qoqotho, litšoelesa tsa thobalano (li-testes kapa mae a bomme) le litšoelesa tsa adrenal. Pituitary e boetse e ntša lihormone tse amang ka kotloloho lisele tsa 'mele, joalo ka masapo le litšoelesa tsa lebese la matsoele. Lihomone tsa pituitary li kenyelletsa:

• Hormone ea Adrenocorticotropic (ACTH)
• Hormone ea kholo (GH)
• Prolactin
• Hormone e susumetsang qoqotho (TSH)
• Hormone ea Luteinizing (LH) le hormone e susumetsang ea follicle (FSH)

Ha hlahala ea pituitary e ntse e hola, lisele tse tloaelehileng tse hlahisang li-hormone tsa pituitary li ka senyeha. Sena se baka hore tšoelesa ea pituitary e se hlahise lihormone tsa eona tse lekaneng. Boemo bona bo bitsoa hypopituitarism.

Lisosa tsa lihlahala tsa pituitary ha li tsejoe. Lihlahala tse ling li bakoa ke mathata a lefutso a joalo ka endocrine neoplasia I (MEN I).

Tšoelesa ea pituitary e ka angoa ke lihlahala tse ling tsa bokong tse hlahang karolong e le 'ngoe ea boko (lehata la lehata), tse hlahisang matšoao a tšoanang.

Lihlahala tse ling tsa pituitary li hlahisa hormone e le 'ngoe kapa ho feta. Ka lebaka leo, matšoao a boemo bo le bong kapa a mang a a latelang a ka hlaha:

• Hyperthyroidism (tšoelesa ea qoqotho e etsa lihormone tse ngata haholo, ena ke boemo bo sa tloaelehang haholo ba lihlahala tsa pituitary)
• Cushing syndrome ('mele o na le "cortisol" e phahameng ho feta e tloaelehileng)
• Gigantism (kholo e sa tloaelehang ka lebaka la kholo e fetang e tloaelehileng ea kholo ea bongoana bongoaneng) kapa acromegaly (e phahameng ho feta boemo bo tloaelehileng ba kholo ea hormone ho batho ba baholo)
• Ho tsoa ha lesea le linako tse sa tloaelehang kapa tse sieo tsa ho ilela khoeli ho basali
• Ho fokotsa ts'ebetso ea thobalano ho banna

Matšoao a bakoang ke khatello ea hlahala e kholo ea pituitary a ka kenyelletsa:

• Liphetoho ponong e joalo ka pono e habeli, tahlehelo ea tšimo ea pono (tahlehelo ea pono ea ponahalo), likoli tse sekameng kapa liphetoho ponong ea 'mala.
• Ho opeloa ke hlooho.
• Ho hloka matla.
• Nero ea metsi ea metsi a hlakileng, a letsoai.
• Ho nyekeloa le ho hlatsa.
• Mathata le kutloisiso ea monko.
• Maemong a sa tloaelehang, matšoao ana a hlaha ka tšohanyetso mme a ka ba matla (pituitary apoplexy).

Mofani oa hao oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo o tla etsa tlhahlobo ea 'mele. Mofani o tla hlokomela mathata afe kapa afe ka pono e habeli le tšimo ea pono, joalo ka tahlehelo ea pono ea pono (pheriferale) kapa bokhoni ba ho bona libakeng tse ling.

Teko e tla lekola matšoao a cortisol e ngata haholo (Cushing syndrome), hormone e holang haholo (acromegaly), kapa prolactin e ngata haholo (prolactinoma).

Liteko tsa ho lekola ts'ebetso ea endocrine li ka laeloa, ho kenyeletsoa:

• Methati ea Cortisol - teko ea khatello ea dexamethasone, teko ea moroto oa cortisol, teko ea "cortisol" ea salivary
• Boemo ba FSH
• Boemo ba kholo ea insulin-1 (IGF-1)
• LHlevel
• Tekanyo ea prolactine
• Methati ea testosterone / estradiol
• Tekanyo ea lihormone tsa qoqotho - teko ea mahala ea T4, tlhahlobo ea TSH

Liteko tse thusang ho netefatsa ts'oaetso li kenyelletsa tse latelang:

• Masimo a pono
• MRI ea hlooho

Hangata ho hlokahala ho buuoa ho tlosa hlahala, haholo-holo haeba hlahala e ntse e hatella methapo e laolang pono (methapo ea mahlo).

Boholo ba nako, lihlahala tsa pituitary li ka buuoa ka nko le ka libe. Haeba hlahala e ke ke ea tlosoa ka tsela ena, e ntšoa ka lehata.

Phekolo ea radiation e ka sebelisoa ho fokotsa hlahala ho batho ba sitoang ho buuoa. E kanna ea sebelisoa hape ha hlahala e khutla kamora ho buuoa.

Maemong a mang, meriana e laeloa ho fokotsa mefuta e itseng ea lihlahala.

Lisebelisoa tsena li ka fana ka tlhaiso-leseling e batsi ka lihlahala tsa pituitary:

• Setsi sa Naha ea Kankere - www.cancer.gov/types/pituitary
• Mokhatlo oa Pituitary Network - pituitary.org
• Mokhatlo oa Pituitary - www.pituitarysociety.org

Haeba hlahala e ka tlosoa ka mokhoa oa ho buoa, pono e nepahetse ho ea ho botle, ho latela hore na hlahala eohle e tlositsoe.

Bothata bo boholo ka ho fetisisa ke bofofu. Sena se ka etsahala haeba methapo ea mahlo e senyehile haholo.

Hlahala kapa ho tlosoa ha eona ho ka baka ho se leka-lekane ha lihormone bophelo bohle. Li-hormone tse amehileng li kanna tsa hloka ho nkeloa sebaka, 'me u kanna ua hloka ho noa moriana bophelo bohle ba hau.

Lihlahala le opereishene ka linako tse ling li ka senya mokokotlo oa pituitary (karolo e ka morao ea tšoelesa). Sena se ka lebisa ho lefu la tsoekere insipidus, boemo bo nang le matšoao a ho ntša metsi khafetsa le lenyora le feteletseng.

Bitsa mofani oa hau haeba u ba le matšoao a hlahala ea pituitary.

Hlahala - pituitary; Pituitary adenoma

• Litšoelesa tsa endocrine
• Tšoelesa ea pituitary

Dorsey JF, Salinas RD, Dang M, le al. Kankere ea tsamaiso ea methapo e bohareng. Ka: Niederhuber JE, Armitage JO, Kastan MB, Doroshow JH, Tepper JE, bahlophisi. Abeloff's Clinical Oncology. La 6th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: khaolo ea 63.

Melmed S, Kleinberg D. Matšoafo a pituitary le lihlahala. Ka: Melmed S, Polonsky KS, Larsen PR, Kronenberg HM, bahlophisi. Buka ea Williams ea Endocrinology. 13th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: khaolo ea 9.