Lefuemia e matla ea lymphoblastic (ALL)

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (TSOHLE) ke mofetše o hola ka potlako oa mofuta oa sele e tšoeu ea mali e bitsoang lymphoblast.

TSOHLE li etsahala ha mokong oa masapo o hlahisa palo e kholo ea li-lymphoblast tse sa butsoang. Moko oa masapo ke lisele tse bonolo tse bohareng ba masapo tse thusang ho theha lisele tsohle tsa mali. Li-lymphoblast tse sa tloaelehang li hola ka potlako ebe li nkela lisele tse tloaelehileng mokong oa masapo. TSOHLE e thibela lisele tse phetseng hantle tsa mali ho etsoa. Matšoao a sokelang bophelo a ka hlaha ha lipalo tse tloaelehileng tsa mali li theoha.

Boholo ba nako, ha ho lebaka le hlakileng le ka fumanoang bakeng sa TSOHLE.

Lintlha tse latelang li ka bapala karolo ea kholo ea mefuta eohle ea kankere ea mali.

• Mathata a itseng a chromosome
• Ho hlahisa mahlaseli a kotsi, ho kenyelletsa le x-ray pele a hlaha
• Kalafo ea nakong e fetileng ka chemotherapy lithethefatsi
• Ho amohela phetoho ea moko oa masapo
• Chefo, joalo ka benzene

Lintlha tse latelang li tsejoa ho eketsa kotsi bakeng sa TSOHLE:

• Down syndrome kapa mathata a mang a lefutso
• Moena kapa khaitseli ea nang le kankere ea mali

Mofuta ona oa kankere ea mali hangata o ama bana ba lilemo li 3 ho isa ho tse 7. TSOHLE ke mofetše o atileng haholo bongoaneng, empa o ka hlaha le ho batho ba baholo.

TSOHLE li etsa hore motho a khone ho tsoa mali le ho ba le tšoaetso. Matšoao a kenyelletsa:

• Bohloko ba masapo le manonyeletso
• Ho loma le ho tsoa mali habonolo (joalo ka marenene a tsoang mali, ho tsoa mali letlalong, nosebleeds, linako tse sa tloaelehang)
• Ho ikutloa o fokola kapa o kgathetse
• Feberu
• Ho felloa ke takatso ea lijo le ho theola boima ba 'mele
• Paletso
• Bohloko kapa boikutlo ba botlalo ka tlasa likhopo tse tsoang sebeteng se atolositsoeng kapa spleen
• Tšoaea matheba a khubelu letlalong (petechiae)
• Ho ruruha li-lymph nodes molaleng, ka tlas'a matsoho le botenng
• Mofufutso oa bosiu

Matšoao ana a ka hlaha ka maemo a mang. Bua le mofani oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo ka se boleloang ke matšoao a itseng.

Mofani oa hau o tla etsa tlhahlobo ea 'mele mme a botse ka matšoao a hau.

Liteko tsa mali li ka kenyelletsa:

• Palo e felletseng ea mali (CBC), ho kenyeletsoa le palo e tšoeu ea sele ea mali (WBC)
• Palo ea liplatelete
• Tlhahiso ea moko oa masapo
• Lumbar puncture (spinal tap) ho lekola lisele tsa kankere ea mali ka mokelikeling oa mokokotlo

Liteko li boetse li etsoa ho batla liphetoho ho DNA kahare ho lisele tse tšoeu tse sa tloaelehang. Liphetoho tse ling tsa DNA li kanna tsa rera hore na motho o etsa hantle hakae (prognosis), le mofuta ofe oa kalafo o khothalelitsoeng.

Morero oa pele oa kalafo ke ho etsa hore lipalo tsa mali li khutlele setloaeling. Haeba sena se etsahala mme moko oa masapo o shebahala o phetse hantle ka tlas'a microscope, ho thoe mofetše o tla kokobela.

Chemotherapy ke kalafo ea pele e lekiloeng ka sepheo sa ho fihlela ts'oarelo.

• Motho eo a ka hloka ho lula sepetlele bakeng sa chemotherapy. Kapa e ka fuoa tleliniking ebe motho eo o ea hae kamora moo.
• Chemotherapy e fuoa methapo (ka IV) mme ka linako tse ling e kenella mokelikeli o potileng boko (mokelikeli oa mokokotlo).

Kamora hore tšoarelo e fihlelloe, ho fanoa ka kalafo e eketsehileng ho fihlela pheko. Kalafo ena e ka kenyelletsa chemotherapy kapa IV e ngata bokong. Cell cell kapa, moko oa masapo, ho kenyelletsa motho e mong le hona ho ka etsoa. Kalafo e ngoe e latela:

• Lilemo le bophelo bo botle ba motho
• Liphetoho tsa lefutso liseleng tsa kankere ea mali
• Ho nkile lithuto tse kae tsa chemotherapy ho fihlela tšoarelo
• Haeba lisele tse sa tloaelehang li ntse li fumanoa ka tlas'a microscope
• Ho fumaneha ha bafani bakeng sa phetisetso ea lisele tsa stem

Uena le mofani oa hau le kanna la hloka ho sebetsana le mathata a mang nakong ea kalafo ea kankere ea mali, ho kenyelletsa:

• Ho ba le chemotherapy lapeng
• Ho laola liphoofolo tse ruuoang lapeng nakong ea chemotherapy
• Mathata a ho tsoa mali
• Molomo o omileng
• Ho ja lik'hilojule tse lekaneng
• Ho ja ka mokhoa o bolokehileng nakong ea kalafo ea mofets'e

U ka fokotsa khatello ea maikutlo ea bokuli ka ho kenela sehlopha sa ts'ehetso ea mofets'e. Ho arolelana le ba bang ba nang le liphihlelo tse tšoanang le mathata ho ka u thusa hore u se ke ua ikutloa u le mong.

Bao ba arabelang kalafo hanghang ba tloaetse ho etsa betere. Boholo ba bana ba nang le TSOHLE ba ka phekoloa. Hangata bana ba ba le litholoana tse ntle ho feta batho ba baholo.

Leukemia ka boeona le kalafo li ka baka mathata a mangata a joalo ka ho tsoa mali, ho theola boima ba 'mele le tšoaetso.

Bitsa mofani oa hau haeba uena kapa ngoana oa hau le hlahisa matšoao a TSOHLE.

Kotsi ea ho hlahisa TSOHLE e ka fokotsoa ka ho qoba ho kopana le chefo e itseng, radiation le lik'hemik'hale.

TSOHLE; Lefuemia e nang le lymphoblastic; Lefu la kankere ea mali e nang le lymphoid; Leukemia ea bongoana; Kankere - leukemia e matla ea bongoaneng (TSOHLE); Lefuemia - bongoana bo hlobaetsang (TSOHLE); Lefu la mali le nang le lefu la lymphocytic

• Ho kenyelletsa 'mele oa masapo - ho tsoa
• Ho ja likhalori tse eketsehileng ha u kula - batho ba baholo
• Mahlaseli a molomo le molala - ho tsoa
• Molomo oa mucositis - ho itlhokomela
• Ha u na le ho nyekeloa ke pelo le ho hlatsa

• Takatso ea moko oa masapo
• Lefu la mali le nang le lefu la lymphocytic - photomicrograph
• Auer melamu
• Mongo oa masapo ho tloha lethekeng
• Meaho ea sistimi ea boits'ireletso

Carroll WL, Bhatla T. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Ka: Lanzkowsky P, Lipton JM, Fish JD, bahlophisi. Lanzkowsky's Manual of Pediatric Hematology le Oncology. La 6th. Cambridge, MA: Khatiso ea Boithuto ea Elsevier; 2016: khaolo ea 18.

Webosaete ea National Cancer Institute. Kalafo ea batho ba baholo ea lymphoblastic leukemia (PDQ) - mofuta oa litsebi tsa bophelo bo botle. www.cancer.gov/types/leukemia/hp/ultult-all-treatment-pdq. E ntlafalitsoe ka la 22 Pherekhong 2020. E fihlile ka la 13 Hlakola 2020.

Webosaete ea National Cancer Institute. Phekolo ea bongoana ea lymphoblastic leukemia treatment (PDQ) - mofuta oa litsebi tsa bophelo bo botle. www.cancer.gov/types/leukemia/hp/child-all-treatment-pdq. E ntlafalitsoe ka la 6 Hlakola 2020. E fihlile ka la 13 Hlakola 2020.

Webosaete ea National Comprehensive Cancer Network. Litaelo tsa NCCN tsa litloaelo tsa kliniki ho oncology: acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Mofuta oa 4.2017. www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/all.pdf. E ntlafalitsoe ka la 15 Pherekhong 2020. E fihlile ka la 13 Hlakola 2020.