Tlhabollo ea bakhachane

Liphatsa tsa lefutso ke thuto ea lefutso, mohato oa hore motsoali a fetisetse liphatsa tsa lefutso baneng ba bona.

• Ponahalo ea motho, joalo ka bophahamo, 'mala oa moriri,' mala oa letlalo le 'mala oa mahlo, e khethoa ke liphatsa tsa lefutso.
• Liphoso tsa bokhachane le mafu a mang le tsona hangata li khethoa ke liphatsa tsa lefutso.

Tlhabollo ea liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa bakhachane ke mohato moo batsoali ba ka ithutang ho eketsehileng ka:

• Ho ka etsahala hore ngoana oa bona a be le bothata ba lefutso
• Ke liteko life tse ka hlahlobang bofokoli kapa mathata a lefutso
• Ho etsa qeto ea hore na u ka rata ho ba le liteko tsena kapa che

Banyalani ba batlang ho ba le ngoana ba ka etsa liteko pele ba ima. Bafani ba tlhokomelo ea bophelo le bona ba ka leka lesea le ka pōpelong (lesea le e-s'o hlahe) ho bona hore na lesea le tla ba le lefu la lefutso, joalo ka cystic fibrosis kapa Down syndrome.

Ho ho uena hore na u tla fuoa tlhabollo le tlhahlobo ea liphatsa tsa lefutso pele u pepa. U tla batla ho nahana ka litakatso tsa hau, litumelo tsa hau tsa bolumeli, le maemo a lelapa.

Batho ba bang ba na le kotsi e kholo ho feta ba bang ka ho fetisetsa mathata a liphatsa tsa lefutso ho bana ba bona. Ke:

• Batho ba nang le litho tsa malapa kapa bana ba nang le bofokoli ba liphatsa tsa lefutso kapa tsoalo.
• Bajode ba leloko la Europe Bochabela. Ba kanna ba ba le kotsi e kholo ea ho ba le masea a nang le Tay-Sachs kapa lefu la Canavan.
• Maafrika a Amerika, a ka ipehang kotsing ea ho fetisetsa sekele-anemia (lefu la mali) ho bana ba bona.
• Batho ba tsoang Asia Boroa-bochabela kapa ba Mediterranean, ba kotsing e kholo ea ho ba le bana ba nang le thalassemia, lefu la mali.
• Basali ba neng ba pepesehetse chefo (chefo) e ka bakang likoli.
• Basali ba nang le bothata ba bophelo bo botle, bo kang lefu la tsoekere, bo ka amang lesea la bona le sa tsoa hlaha.
• Banyalani ba bileng le limpa tse ling tse tharo ho feta (lesea le shoa pele ho libeke tse 20 tsa bokhachane).

Teko e boetse e khothalletsoa bakeng sa:

• Basali ba kaholimo ho lilemo tse 35, leha ho hlahlojoa ha liphatsa tsa lefutso hona joale ho khothaletsoa ho basali ba lilemo tsohle.
• Basali ba bileng le liphetho tse sa tloaelehang tlhahlobisong ea bokhachane, joalo ka alpha-fetoprotein (AFP).
• Basali bao lesea la bona le hlahisang liphetho tse sa tloaelehang ho ultrasound ea bokhachane

Bua ka tlhabollo ea lefutso le mofani oa hau le ba lelapa la hau. Botsa lipotso tseo u ka bang le tsona mabapi le tlhahlobo le hore na liphetho li tla bolelang ho uena.

Hopola hore liteko tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso tse etsoang pele u ima (moimana) hangata li ka u joetsa feela mathata a ho ba le ngoana ea nang le bothata bo itseng ba tsoalo. Mohlala, u ka ithuta hore uena le molekane oa hau le na le monyetla o le mong ho a mane oa ho ba le ngoana ea nang le lefu le itseng kapa sekoli.

Haeba u nka qeto ea ho emola, u tla hloka liteko tse ling ho bona hore na ngoana oa hau o tla ba le sekoli kapa che.

Bakeng sa ba ka bang kotsing, liphetho tsa liteko li ka thusa ho araba lipotso tse kang:

• Na menyetla ea ho ba le ngoana ea nang le sekoli sa lefutso e phahame hoo re lokelang ho sheba litsela tse ling tsa ho qala lelapa?
• Haeba u e-na le ngoana ea nang le lefu la liphatsa tsa lefutso, na ho na le liphekolo kapa ho buuoa tse ka thusang ngoana?
• Re itokisetsa joang monyetla oo re ka bang le ona le ngoana ea nang le bothata ba lefutso? Na ho na le lihlopha kapa lihlopha tsa tšehetso bakeng sa lefu lena? Na ho na le bafani ba haufi ba phekolang bana ba nang le bothata bona?
• Na re lokela ho tsoelapele ka bokhachane? Na mathata a ngoana a boima hoo re ka khethang ho emisa ho ima?

U ka itokisetsa ka ho fumana hore na mathata a bongaka a kang ana a teng ka lapeng la hau:

• Mathata a kholo ea bana
• Lits'oants'o tse fosahetseng
• Tsoalo ea ngoana
• Maloetse a matla a bongoaneng

Mehato ea tlhabollo ea lefutso la bakhachane e kenyelletsa:

• U tla tlatsa foromo e tebileng ea nalane ea lelapa mme u bue le moeletsi ka mathata a bophelo bo botle a hlahang lelapeng la hau.
• U ka fumana liteko tsa mali ho sheba li-chromosome kapa liphatsa tsa lefutso tse ling.
• Nalane ea hau ea lelapa le sephetho sa liteko li tla thusa moeletsi ho sheba liphoso tsa lefutso tseo o ka li fetisetsang ho bana ba hau.

Haeba u khetha ho etsa liteko kamora ho ima, liteko tse ka etsoang nakong ea bokhachane (ekaba ho mme kapa leseanyana) li kenyeletsa:

• Amniocentesis, moo mokelikeli o ntšitsoeng mokokotlong oa amniotic (mokelikeli o potileng lesea).
• Mohlala oa Chorionic villus (CVS), o nkang sampole ea lisele tse tsoang placenta.
• Sampling ea mali ea umbilical (PUBS), e lekang mali ho tsoa mokokotlong (thapo e hokahanyang mme le lesea).
• Ho hlahloba pele ho pelehi nakong ea pelehi, e shebang maling a 'm'a eona bakeng sa DNA e tsoang ho lesea e ka bang le chromosome e eketsehileng kapa e sieo.

Liteko tsena li na le likotsi. Li ka baka tšoaetso, tsa lematsa lesea kapa tsa senyeheloa ke mpa. Haeba u tšoenyehile ka likotsi tsena, buisana le mofani oa thepa ea hau.

Morero oa tlhabollo ea bakhachane ke ho thusa batsoali ho etsa liqeto tse nang le tsebo. Moeletsi oa lefutso o tla u thusa ho tseba hore na u ka sebelisa tlhaiso-leseling eo u e fumanang litekong tsa hau joang. Haeba u le kotsing, kapa haeba u fumana hore ngoana oa hau o na le bothata, moeletsi oa hau le mofani oa hau ba tla bua le uena ka likhetho le lisebelisoa. Empa ke uena ea lokelang ho etsa liqeto.

• Tlhabollo ea lefutso le tlhahlobo ea bakhachane

Hobel CJ, Williams J. Tlhokomelo ea Antepartum: tlhokomelo ea pele ho nako le tlhokomelo ea bakhachane, tlhahlobo ea lefutso le teratology, le tlhahlobo ea pelehi ea pelehi. Ka: Hacker NF, Gambone JC, Hobel CJ, eds. Hacker & Moore's Essentials of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. La 6th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: khaolo ea 7.

Nussbaum RL, McInnes RR, Willard HF. Ho hlahlojoa le ho hlahlojoa pele ho bokhachane. Ka: Nussbaum RL, McInnes RR, Willard HF, bahlophisi. Thompson & Thompson liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa bongaka. La 8th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: khaolo ea 17.

Wapner RJ, Duggoff L. Tlhahlobo ea bakhachane le mathata a tlhaho. Ka: Resnik R, Lockwood CJ, Moore TR, Greene MF, Copel JA, Silver RM, li-eds. Creasy le Resnik's Maternal-Fetal Medicine: Melao-motheo le Tloaelo. La 8th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: khaolo ea 32.

• Tlhabollo ea lefutso