Sengoli: Virginia Floyd
Letsatsi La Creation: 11 Phato 2021
Ntlafatsa Letsatsi: 1 November 2024
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Electrolyte Imbalances | Hyponatremia (Low Sodium)
Video: Electrolyte Imbalances | Hyponatremia (Low Sodium)

Sodium ea mali e tlase ke boemo boo palo ea sodium e maling e leng tlase ho feta e tloaelehileng. Lebitso la bongaka la boemo bona ke hyponatremia.

Sodium e fumanoa haholo maro a 'mele kantle ho lisele. Sodium ke electrolyte (diminerale). Ho bohlokoa haholo ho boloka khatello ea mali.Sodium e boetse e hlokahala hore methapo, mesifa le lisele tse ling tsa 'mele li sebetse hantle.

Ha palo ea sodium e tsoang meleng e ka ntle ho lisele e theohela ka tlase ho e tloaelehileng, metsi a kenella liseleng ho lekanya maemo. Sena se etsa hore lisele li ruruhe ka metsi a mangata haholo. Lisele tsa boko li ameha haholo ke ho ruruha, 'me sena se baka matšoao a mangata a sodium e tlase.

Ka sodium e tlase ea mali (hyponatremia), ho se leka-lekane ha metsi le sodium ho bakoa ke e 'ngoe ea maemo a mararo:

  • Euvolemic hyponatremia - kakaretso ea metsi a 'mele ea eketseha, empa' mele oa sodium o lula o ts'oana
  • Hypervolemic hyponatremia - likarolo tsa sodium le metsi 'meleng lia eketseha, empa phaello ea metsi e kholo
  • Hypovolemic hyponatremia - metsi le sodium ka bobeli li lahlehile 'meleng, empa tahlehelo ea sodium e kholo

Sodium ea mali e tlase e ka bakoa ke:


  • Ho chesa ho amang sebaka se seholo sa 'mele
  • Letšollo
  • Meriana ea diuretic (lipilisi tsa metsi), tse eketsang tlhahiso ea moroto le tahlehelo ea sodium ka moroto
  • Ho hloleha ha pelo
  • Maloetse a liphio
  • Cirrhosis ea sebete
  • Syndrome ea li-antidiuretic hormone secretion e sa lokelang (SIADH)
  • Ho fufuleloa
  • Ho hlatsa

Matšoao a tloaelehileng a kenyelletsa:

  • Pherekano, ho teneha kapele, ho hloka botsitso
  • Ho tsitsinyeha
  • Mokhathala
  • Ho opeloa ke hlooho
  • Ho felloa ke takatso ea lijo
  • Bofokoli ba mesifa, spasms, kapa cramps
  • Ho nyekeloa ke pelo, ho hlatsa

Mofani oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo o tla etsa tlhahlobo e felletseng ea 'mele mme a botse ka matšoao a hau. Ho tla etsoa liteko tsa mali le moroto.

Liteko tsa Lab tse ka netefatsang le ho thusa ho fumana sodium e tlase li kenyelletsa:

  • Phanele e akaretsang ea metabolic (e kenyelletsa sodium ea mali, mefuta e tloaelehileng ke 135 ho ea ho 145 mEq / L, kapa 135 ho isa ho 145 mmol / L)
  • Teko ea mali ea Osmolality
  • Motsoako oa moroto
  • Urine sodium (boemo bo tloaelehileng ke 20 mEq / L ka sampole ea moroto o sa reroang, le 40 ho isa ho 220 mEq ka letsatsi bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea moroto oa lihora tse 24)

Sesosa sa sodium e tlase se tlameha ho fumanoa le ho phekoloa. Haeba mofets'e ke sesosa sa boemo, joale radiation, chemotherapy, kapa opereishene ho tlosa hlahala e ka lokisa ho se leka-lekane ha sodium.


Mefuta e meng ea kalafo e ipapisitse le mofuta o khethehileng oa hyponatremia.

Kalafo e ka kenyelletsa:

  • Maro a tsoang mothapong (IV)
  • Meriana ea ho kokobetsa matšoao
  • Ho fokotsa ho noa metsi

Sephetho se ipapisitse le boemo bo bakang bothata. Sodium e tlase e hlahang ka tlase ho lihora tse 48 (acute hyponatremia), e kotsi ho feta sodium e tlase e hlahang butle ha nako e ntse e tsamaea. Ha boemo ba sodium bo theoha butle ka matsatsi kapa libeke (hyponatremia e sa foleng), lisele tsa boko li na le nako ea ho ikamahanya le ho ruruha ho ka ba tlase.

Maemong a boima, sodium e tlase e ka lebisa ho:

  • Ho fokotseha ha tsebo, ho bona lipono kapa ho akheha
  • Tlhaloso ea boko
  • Lefu

Ha tekanyo ea sodium ea ’mele oa hao e theoha haholo, e ka ba boemo ba tšohanyetso bo sokelang bophelo. Bitsa mofani oa hau hang-hang haeba u e-na le matšoao a boemo bona.

Ho sebetsana le boemo bo bakang sodium e tlase ho ka thusa.

Haeba u bapala lipapali kapa u etsa mesebetsi e meng e matla, noa maro a joalo ka lino tsa lipapali tse nang le li-electrolyte ho boloka boemo ba 'mele oa hau ba sodium bo le boemong bo botle.


Hyponatremia; Dilutional hyponatremia; Hyponatremia e nang le maikutlo; Hypervolemic hyponatremia; Hyponatremia ea Hypovolemic

Dineen R, Hannon MJ, Thompson CJ. Hyponatremia le hypernatremia. Ka: Jameson JL, De Groot LJ, oa Kretser DM, et al, eds. Endocrinology: Batho ba baholo le bana. La 7th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: khaolo ea 112.

Maemo a tšohanyetso a manyane a Metabolic. Ka: Cameron P, Jelinek G, Kelly AM, Brown A, Little M, bahlophisi. Buka ea lingaka ea Bongaka ba Bongaka ba Bongaka. La 4 ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2015: karolo ea 12.

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