Mantsoe a 45 Seo U Lokelang ho se Tseba: HIV / AIDS

Litaba

• HIV-1
• Ho ata
• AIDS
• PrEP
• Concordant
• Ho se ikobele melao
• Seronegative
• Lebenkele la AIDS
• Litla-morao
• ART
• Sekhobo
• Palo ea CD4
• Etsa tlhahlobo
• Tseba boemo ba hau
• Bohata bo nepahetse
• Serosorting
• Seropositive
• Tlōlo ea molao ea HIV
• Ts'oaetso
• Thobalano e bolokehileng
• Elisa
• Mesebetsi
• Khanyetso e fetisitsoeng
• Ketsahalo e Mpe
• Bosoha
• Teko ea blot ea Bophirimela
• Ha e na letho
• Ho phela le HIV
• Mojaro oa vaerase
• LI-ARV
• Ha e bonahale
• Phoso ea bohata
• MSM
• Serodiscordant
• Boemo bo tsoakiloeng
• Ho fokotsa kotsi
• HIV-2
• Ho se jele paate ha HIV
• Ketso
• Ho khomarela
• Melao
• T-sele
• Nako e telele
• Matlafatso
• Mophonyohi oa nako e telele

Intro

Haeba uena kapa motho eo u mo ratang a sa tsoa fumanoa a e-na le HIV, ha ho pelaelo hore u na le lipotso tse ngata mabapi le hore na boemo boo bo bolelang ho uena le bokamoso ba hau.

E 'ngoe ea liqholotso tsa ho hlahlojoa ha HIV ke ho haola le sehlopha se secha sa lipolelo, lipolelo le mantsoe. Se ke oa tšoenyeha: re mona ho tla thusa. Hover holim'a mantsoe a 45 a sebelisoang haholo ho bona hore na a bolelang, 'me u utloisise boemo bona hantle.

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HIV-1

Retrovirus e bakang mafu a mangata a AIDS lefatšeng ka bophara.

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Ho ata

Peresente ea baahi ba nang le ts'oaetso e itseng-tabeng ena, HIV.

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AIDS

E emisa "syndrome ea lefu la ho itšireletsa mafung," boemo bo bakang tšenyo e kholo sesole sa 'mele. E bakoa ke tšoaetso ea HIV.

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PrEP

"PrEP" e emetse "pre-exposure prophylaxis," leano la ho sebelisa meriana ea li-ARV (ho kenyeletsoa masale, gel kapa pilisi) ho thibela tšoaetso ea HIV.

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Concordant

E bua ka banyalani bao ho bona balekane ka bobeli ba nang le HIV.

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Ho se ikobele melao

Ho se khomarele mokhoa o laetsoeng oa meriana. Ntho e fapaneng le "ho khomarela". Ho se ikobele melao ho ka etsa hore kalafo e se sebetse haholo.

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Seronegative

Ho etsa liteko tse seng ntle bakeng sa boteng ba masole a 'mele a HIV.

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Lebenkele la AIDS

Motsoako oa kalafo ea HIV o tsejoang e le kalafo e sebetsang haholo ea li-antiretroviral (HAART).

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Litla-morao

Liphello tseo meriana ea kalafo e nang le tsona 'meleng, ho tloha nakong e khuts'oane ebile e sa bonahale ho isa nako e telele, tse sa reretsoeng kalafo ea lefu lena mme ka kakaretso ha li thabise.

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ART

E emetse "kalafo ea li-antiretroviral," e leng ts'ebeliso ea litlhare tsa li-antiretroviral ho thibela HIV ho tsoela pele.

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Sekhobo

Khethollo le khethollo li reretsoe batho ba nang le HIV kapa AIDS.

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Palo ea CD4

Lisele tsa CD4 (tse tsejoang hape e le T-cell) li kenya tšebetsong sesole sa 'mele, se lumella' mele ho loants'a mafu. Ho boloka palo ea lisele tsa CD4 (palo ea hao ea CD4) maemong ao u a batlang ke karolo ea bohlokoahali ea kalafo ea HIV.

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Etsa tlhahlobo

Khothaletso ho batho ba etsang thobalano hore ba etse tlhahlobo ea HIV le mafu a mang a likobo.

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Tseba boemo ba hau

Polelo e utluoang khafetsa e khothalletsang batho ho etsa liteko tsa mafu a tšoaetsanoang ka thobalano, ho kenyeletsoa HIV, e le hore ba tsebe ho etsa liqeto tse nang le tsebo, tse nang le boikarabello (le ho fumana kalafo ha ho hlokahala).

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Bohata bo nepahetse

Ha tlhahlobo ea mali e fana ka tšoaetso bakeng sa boteng ba masole a 'mele a HIV, empa tšoaetso ha e eo hantle. Ka linako tse ling tlhahlobo ea ELISA e tla fana ka sephetho se nepahetseng ha tlhahlobo ea blot ea Bophirimela e fana ka sephetho se fosahetseng.

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Serosorting

Ho etsa liqeto ka thobalano ho latela maemo a molekane. Menahano e mabapi le maemo e ka ba kotsi, leha ho le joalo, joalo ka ha ho boletsoe setšoantšong sena sa li-slides.

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Seropositive

Ho etsa liteko tse nepahetseng bakeng sa boteng ba masole a 'mele a HIV.

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Tlōlo ea molao ea HIV

Ha phetiso ea HIV e nkuoa e le botlokotsebe. Ena ke taba e rarahaneng ea molao le boitšoaro, mme melao e amanang le eona e fapana ho ea ka linaha.

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Ts'oaetso

Ts'ebetso eo sistimi e ikemetseng e hlahisang masole a mmele ho hlasela vaerase e hlaselang. Mohlomong ha o na li-antibodies tsa HIV tse fumanehang nakong ena. Bala ho eketsehileng ka nako ea seroconversion.

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Thobalano e bolokehileng

Ho itšireletsa khahlanong le phetiso ea tšoaetso ea thobalano ka mekhoa ea thibelo. Fumana lintlha tse ling ka thobalano e sireletsehileng le e phetseng hantle.

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Elisa

E emisa "tlhahlobo e amanang le li-enzyme ea immunosorbent." Ke teko ea mali e lekolang boteng ba masole a 'mele a HIV. Sephetho se setle tekong ena se bolela tlhahlobo e latelang ea blot Western, e nepahetseng ho feta (empa e theko e phahameng).

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Mesebetsi

Slang bakeng sa "meriana", e leng lithethefatsi tse sebelisetsoang ho phekola HIV. Ho na le lithuto tse ngata tse fapaneng tsa meriana ea HIV.

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Khanyetso e fetisitsoeng

Ts'oaetso ea mofuta oa HIV o seng o ntse o le khahlanong le meriana e itseng ea li-antiretroviral (ARV) e neng e tla sebelisoa ho e alafa.

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Ketsahalo e Mpe

Kotsi e sa thabiseng ea moriana o sebelisetsoang kalafo. Liketsahalo tse mpe li ka fapana ho tloha litla-morao tse bobebe empa e le tse sa thabiseng, joalo ka mokhathala le ho nyekeloa ke pelo, ho ea maemong a tebileng joalo ka ho fokola ha pelo le khatello ea maikutlo.

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Bosoha

Ho ila thobalano. Ka linako tse ling batho ba khetha ho se nyale kamora ho hlahlojoa ke HIV e le ho thibela tšoaetso hore e se ke ea ata.

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Teko ea blot ea Bophirimela

Teko ea mali bakeng sa ho hlahloba boteng ba lisireletsi tsa HIV. Sekhahla sa eona sa ho nepahala se batla se le liperesente tsa 100 hammoho le tlhahlobo ea ELISA. Bala haholwanyane ka diteko tsa HIV.

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Ha e na letho

Karolo ea tšoaetso ea HIV eo ho eona ho seng matšoao a kantle kapa matšoao a boemo bo ka bonoang. Maemong a mang, karolo ena e ka nka nako e telele.

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Ho phela le HIV

Ho ea ka CDC, ho na le hoo e ka bang 1.1. batho ba limilione ba U.S. ba phelang le tšoaetso ea HIV. Bala tataiso ea mokuli ea ho phela le HIV.

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Mojaro oa vaerase

Boemo ba HIV maling a hao. Haeba bongata ba vaerase ya hao bo phahame, palo ya hao ya CD4 e tlase. Fumana kutloisiso e betere ea hore na bongata ba vaerase bo bolelang.

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LI-ARV

E emetse "antiretroviral," e leng mofuta oa setlhare se sebelisoang kalafong ea li-antiretroviral (ART) ho hatella vaerase ea HIV.

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Ha e bonahale

Sena se bolela mojaro oa vaerase o tlase haholo hoo liteko li ke keng tsa o fumana. Ha ho bolele hore mokuli ha a sa na tšoaetso ea HIV. Ithute haholoanyane mona.

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Phoso ea bohata

Ha tlhahlobo ea mali e fana ka sephetho se fosahetseng bakeng sa boteng ba masole a 'mele a HIV, empa tšoaetso e hlile e teng. Sena se ka etsahala haeba motho e mong a sa tsoa tšoaetsoa 'me a e-s'o qale ho hlahisa masole a' mele a HIV. Batho ba nahanang hore ba kile ba ba le tšoaetso ea HIV ba kanna ba hloka ho hlahlojoa makhetlo a mangata.

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MSM

O emetse "banna ba robalang le banna." Hangata lentsoe lena le ratoa ho fapana le "bosodoma" lipuisanong tsa HIV le AIDS, ho latela sechaba kapa maemo.

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Serodiscordant

Lereo le leng la kamano e fapaneng ea maemo, eo ho eona molekane e mong a nang le tšoaetso ea HIV ha e mong a sena eona. Mantswe a tshwanang a ka bang teng a kenyeletsa: sero-status e kopakopaneng, sero-divergent, inter-virus, positive-negative.

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Boemo bo tsoakiloeng

Ha molekane e mong ho banyalani a le tšoaetso ea HIV empa e mong a se na eona. Mantsoe a mang bakeng sa sena a kenyelletsa "serodiscordant" le "magnetic." Bala haholoanyane ka ho ratana le HIV.

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Ho fokotsa kotsi

Ho nka boitšoaro bo theolelang menyetla ea ho pepesetsoa kapa ho hasana ha HIV. Mehlala e kenyelletsa ts'ebeliso e ts'oanang le e nepahetseng ea likhohlopo, ho etsa liteko tsa mafu a tšoaetsanoang ka thobalano, ho se arolelane linale, le tse ling. Bala haholoanyane ka lisosa tsa kotsi tsa HIV.

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HIV-2

E amana haholo le HIV-1, retrovirus ena e baka AIDS empa e fumaneha haholo Afrika Bophirima. Ithute haholoanyane ka mefuta e 'meli ea HIV mona.

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Ho se jele paate ha HIV

Morero oa Sekhobo o hlalosa "ho se nke lehlakore ha HIV" e le 'muelli ea nang le tsebo ho loants'eng HIV le AIDS.

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Ketso

Ho khothaletsa phetoho ea mofuta o itseng: ea sechaba, ea lipolotiki, kapa ho seng joalo. Ho na le bonono ba ts'ebeliso ea tlhokomeliso ea HIV, lipatlisiso, le tse ling ke batho ka bomong le lihlopha lefatšeng ka bophara.

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Ho khomarela

Ho noa meriana ea HIV hantle feela joalokaha ho laetsoe. Ho khomarela ho thusa ho theola bongata ba vaerase ea hau le ho thibela ho hanyetsa lithethefatsi. Mareo a mang a sena a kenyelletsa "ho latela" le "ho latela melao."

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Melao

Tsela e laetsoeng ea kalafo bakeng sa boemo bo itseng. Ithute ka kholo ea kalafo ea HIV mona.

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T-sele

E tsejoa hape e le CD4 cell. Lisele tsa T li etsa hore sesole sa 'mele se loantše tšoaetso.

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Nako e telele

E bua ka bolelele ba nako eo motho ea nang le tšoaetso ea HIV a ka phelang ka eona. Nako e telele e eketsehile ka kalafo ea li-antiretroviral.

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Matlafatso

Ho tseteloa ka matla: moeeng, lipolotiking, sechabeng, kapa ho seng joalo. Batho ba phelang le tšoaetso ea HIV ba ka ikutloa ba matlafalitsoe ka tsela e bolokang maemo a bona hore a se ke a hlalosa maphelo a bona.

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Mophonyohi oa nako e telele

Motho ya phetseng le HIV dilemo tse mmalwa. Batho ba bang ba phela le tšoaetso ea HIV ka mashome a lilemo.

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