Meriana ea Psychotropic ke eng?
Litaba
- Lintlha tse potlakileng ka lithethefatsi tsa psychotropic
- Hobaneng ha lithethefatsi tsa psychotropic li laetsoe?
- Lihlopha le mabitso a lithethefatsi tsa psychotropic
- Lihlopha tse kholo tsa lithethefatsi tsa psychotropic, ts'ebeliso ea tsona le litla-morao
- Lintho tse loantšang matšoenyeho
- Ba sebetsa joang
- Litla-morao
- Tlhokomeliso
- Li-anti-depressing tsa SSRI
- Ba sebetsa joang
- Litla-morao
- Tlhokomeliso
- SNRI ho loantšana le khatello ea maikutlo
- Ba sebetsa joang
- Litla-morao
- Tlhokomeliso
- MAOI ho imeloa kelellong
- Ba sebetsa joang
- Litla-morao
- Tlhokomeliso
- Tricyclic ho imeloa kelellong
- Ba sebetsa joang
- Litla-morao
- Tlhokomeliso
- Li-antipsychotic tse tloaelehileng
- Ba sebetsa joang
- Litla-morao
- Tlhokomeliso
- Li-antipsychotic tsa tlhaho
- Ba sebetsa joang
- Litla-morao
- Tlhokomeliso
- Ho tsitsisa maikutlo
- Ba sebetsa joang
- Litla-morao
- Tlhokomeliso
- Litšusumetso
- Ba sebetsa joang
- Litla-morao
- Tlhokomeliso
- Likotsi le litemoso tsa lebokose le letšo bakeng sa li-psychotropics
- Likamano tsa lithethefatsi
- Litaba tsa molao tse mabapi le lithethefatsi tsa psychotropic
- Nako ea ho batla tlhokomelo ea maemo a tšohanyetso
- Ntlha ea bohlokoa
Psychotropic e hlalosa sethethefatsi sefe kapa sefe se amang boitšoaro, maikutlo, menahano, kapa temoho. Ke sekhele bakeng sa litlhare tse ngata tse fapaneng, ho kenyeletsoa litlhare tsa ngaka le lithethefatsi tse sebelisoang hampe hangata.
Re tla tsepamisa maikutlo ho li-psychotropics tse tlamang le tšebeliso ea tsona mona.
Phuputso ea Naha ea Ts'ebeliso e Mpe ea Tlhekefetso le Lithethefatsi (SAMHSA) mabapi le Ts'ebeliso ea Lithethefatsi le Bophelo e fumane hore ho 2018, batho ba baholo ba limilione tse 47 ba fetang lilemo tse 18 ba tlalehile boemo ba bophelo bo botle ba kelello.
Sena ke batho ba baholo ba ka bang motho a le mong ho ba bahlano United States. Batho ba fetang limilione tse 11 ba tlalehile ho kula ho tebileng ha kelello.
Bophelo bo botle ba kelello le boiketlo li ama bophelo ba rona ba letsatsi le letsatsi. Meriana ea Psychotropic e ka ba karolo ea bohlokoa ea lisebelisoa tse fumanehang ho re thusa ho phela hantle.
Lintlha tse potlakileng ka lithethefatsi tsa psychotropic
- Psychotropics ke sehlopha se pharaletseng sa lithethefatsi tse phekolang maemo a fapaneng a fapaneng.
- Ba sebetsa ka ho fetola maemo a lik'hemik'hale tsa boko, kapa li-neurotransmitters, joalo ka dopamine, gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA), norepinephrine le serotonin.
- Ho na le lihlopha tse hlano tse kholo tsa meriana ea molao ea kelello:
- lithibela-mafu
- ho imeloa kelellong
- lithibela-mafu
- lithibelo tsa maikutlo
- tse hlasimollang
- Tse ling li ka baka litla-morao tse mpe haholo 'me li na le litlhoko tse khethehileng tsa ho lekola ke bafani ba tlhokomelo ea bophelo.
Hobaneng ha lithethefatsi tsa psychotropic li laetsoe?
Maemo a mang a phekolo ea psychotropics a kenyelletsa:
- ho tšoenyeha
- ho tepella maikutlo
- schizophrenia
- ho ferekana kelellong
- mathata a ho robala
Meriana ena e sebetsa ka ho fetola li-neurotransmitters ho ntlafatsa matšoao. Sehlopha ka seng se sebetsa ka tsela e fapaneng, empa se na le ho tšoana ho hong hape.
Mofuta kapa sehlopha sa meriana eo ngaka e fanang ka eona e ipapisitse le matšoao a motho ka mong. Meriana e meng e hloka ho sebelisoa khafetsa ka libeke tse 'maloa ho bona melemo.
Ha re shebeng haufi le lithethefatsi tsa psychotropic le ts'ebeliso ea tsona.
Lihlopha le mabitso a lithethefatsi tsa psychotropic
Sehlopha | Mehlala |
---|---|
Li-antipsychotic tse tloaelehileng | chlorpromazine (Thorazine); fluphenazine (Prolixin); haloperidol (Haldol); perphenazine (Trilafon); thioridazine (Mellaril) |
Li-antipsychotic tsa tlhaho | aripiprazole (Tlosa); clozapine (Clozaril); iloperidone (Fanapt); olanzapine (Zyprexa); paliperidone (Invega); quetiapine (Seroquel); risperidone (Risperdal); ziprasidone (Geodon) |
Lintho tse loantšang matšoenyeho | alprazolam (Xanax); clonazepam (Klonopin); diazepam (Valium); Letsoalo (Ativan) |
Litšusumetso | amphetamine (Adderall, Adderall XR); dexmethylphenidate (Focalin, Focalin XR); dextroamphetamine (Dexedrine); lisdexamfetamine (Vyvanse); methylphenidate (Ritalin, Metadate ER, Methylin, Concerta) |
Li-anti-depressing tsa serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) tse khethiloeng | citalopram (Celexa); escitalopram (Lexapro); fluvoxamine (Luvox); paroxetine (Paxil); sertraline (Zoloft) |
Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) lithibela-mafu | atomoxetine (Strattera); duloxetine (Cymbalta); venlafaxine (Effexor XR); desvenlafaxine (Pristiq) |
Monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) lithibela-mafu | isocarboxazid (Marplan); phenelzine (Nardil); tranylcypromine (Parnate); selegiline (Emsam, Atapryl, Carbex, Eldepryl, Zelapar) |
Tricyclicho imeloa kelellong | mohala; amoxapine; desipramine (Norpramin); imipramine (Tofranil); nortriptyline (Pamelor); protriptyline (Vivactil) |
Ho tsitsisa maikutlo | carbamazepine (Carbatrol, Tegretol, Tegretol XR); divalproex sodium (Depakote); lamotrigine (Lamictal); lithium (Eskalith, Eskalith CR, Lithobid) |
Lihlopha tse kholo tsa lithethefatsi tsa psychotropic, ts'ebeliso ea tsona le litla-morao
Re tla koahela ka bokhutšoanyane lihlopha le tse ling tsa matšoao a psychotropics a alafang.
Kamehla buisana le ngaka ea hau ka matšoao a itseng ao u nang le 'ona. Ba tla fumana mekhoa e metle ea kalafo e tla u thusa ho ikutloa u le betere.
Sena se kenyelletsa likhetho tse sa sebeliseng meriana, joalo ka kalafo ea boits'oaro ba boits'oaro.
Meriana e meng, joalo ka meriana e thibelang mafu, e ka nka nako ho thusa ka phomolo ea matšoao. Ho bohlokoa ho fa moriana monyetla oa ho sebetsa pele o o emisa.
Lintho tse loantšang matšoenyeho
Likokoana-hloko tse thibelang ho tšoenyeha, kapa li-anxiolytics, li ka sebetsana le mefuta e fapaneng ea lefu la ho tšoenyeha, ho kenyeletsoa le phobia ea sechaba e amanang le ho bua phatlalatsa. Li ka phekola:
- mathata a ho robala
- ho tšoha
- khatello ea maikutlo
Ba sebetsa joang
Sehlopha sena se tsejoa e le. Li khothalletsoa tšebeliso ea nako e khuts'oane. Li-BZD li sebetsa ka ho eketsa maemo a GABA bokong, a bakang phomolo kapa khutso. Ba na le litla-morao tse tebileng, ho kenyelletsa ho ts'epa le ho tlohela.
Litla-morao
Litla-morao tsa li-BZD li kenyelletsa:
- ho tsekela
- Ho otsela
- pherekano
- tahlehelo ea tekano
- mathata a ho hopola
- khatello e tlase ea mali
- ho hema butle
Tlhokomeliso
Meriana ena e ka ba mokhoa oa ho itloaetsa haeba e sebelisoa nako e telele. Ha li khothalletsoe ho feta libeke tse 'maloa.
Li-anti-depressing tsa SSRI
Li-SSRI li sebelisoa haholo ho phekola mefuta e fapaneng ea khatello ea maikutlo. Tse ling tsa tsona ke lefu le tebileng la ho tepella maikutlo le lefu la ho ferekana kelellong.
Ho sithabela maikutlo ho feta ho hlonama matsatsi a 'maloa. Ke matšoao a phehellang a tšoarellang libeke ka nako. U kanna ua ba le matšoao a mmele, joalo ka mathata a boroko, ho hloka takatso ea lijo, le mahlaba a mmele.
Ba sebetsa joang
SSRIs e sebetsa ka ho eketsa palo ea serotonin e fumanehang bokong. SSRIs ke khetho ea pele ea kalafo bakeng sa mefuta e mengata ea khatello ea maikutlo.
Litla-morao
Litla-morao tsa li-SSRI li kenyelletsa:
- molomo o omileng
- ho nyekeloa ke pelo
- ho hlatsa
- letšollo
- ho robala hampe
- boima ba 'mele
- mathata a thobalano
Tlhokomeliso
Li-SSRI tse ling li ka baka lebelo le phahameng la pelo. Ba bang ba ka eketsa menyetla ea ho tsoa mali haeba le uena u sebelisa meriana e fokotsang mali, joalo ka litlhare tse seng khahlanong le ho ruruha tse kang aspirin kapa warfarin (Coumadin, Jantoven).
SNRI ho loantšana le khatello ea maikutlo
Ba sebetsa joang
SNRIs e thusa ho sebetsana le khatello ea maikutlo empa e sebetsa ka tsela e fapaneng hanyane ho feta li-SSRI. Li eketsa dopamine le norepinephrine bokong ho ntlafatsa matšoao. SNRI e ka sebetsa hantle ho batho ba bang haeba li-SSRI li sa tlisa ntlafatso.
Litla-morao
Litla-morao tsa SNRI li kenyelletsa:
- hlooho e opang
- ho tsekela
- molomo o omileng
- ho nyekeloa ke pelo
- ho tsitsinyeha
- mathata a ho robala
- Litaba tsa takatso ea lijo
Tlhokomeliso
Lithethefatsi tsena li ka eketsa khatello ea mali le lebelo la pelo. Ts'ebetso ea hau ea sebete e tlameha ho beoa leihlo ha u ntse u sebelisa meriana ena.
MAOI ho imeloa kelellong
Meriana ena e tsofetse 'me ha e sebelisoe hangata kajeno.
Ba sebetsa joang
MAOIs a ntlafatsa matšoao a khatello ea maikutlo ka ho eketsa dopamine, norepinephrine, le maemo a serotonin bokong.
Litla-morao
Litla-morao tsa MAOI li kenyelletsa:
- ho nyekeloa ke pelo
- ho hlatsa
- ho tsekela
- letšollo
- molomo o omileng
- boima ba 'mele
Tlhokomeliso
MAOI a nkiloeng ka lijo tse itseng tse nang le lik'hemik'hale tsa tyramine a ka eketsa khatello ea mali maemong a kotsi. Tyramine e fumanoa mefuteng e mengata ea chisi, likhekhe le veine tse ling.
Tricyclic ho imeloa kelellong
Ena ke e 'ngoe ea lihlopha tsa khale ka ho fetisisa tsa ho imeloa kelellong tse ntseng li le teng' marakeng. Li boloketsoe ho sebelisoa ha meriana e mecha e sa sebetse.
Ba sebetsa joang
Li-tricyclic li eketsa palo ea serotonin le norepinephrine bokong ho ntlafatsa maikutlo.
Lingaka li boetse li sebelisa li-tricyclics off-label ho alafa maemo a mang. Ts'ebeliso ea li-off-label e bolela hore sethethefatsi se sebelisetsoa boemo bo se nang tumello ea Tsamaiso ea Lijo le Lithethefatsi (FDA) bakeng sa boemo boo.
Ts'ebeliso ea li-off-label bakeng sa li-tricyclic li kenyelletsa:
- ho tšoha
- migraine
- bohloko bo sa foleng
- ho hloka taolo ho feteletseng
Litla-morao
Litla-morao li kenyelletsa:
- molomo o omileng
- ho tsekela
- Ho otsela
- ho nyekeloa ke pelo
- boima ba 'mele
Tlhokomeliso
Lihlopha tse ling li lokela ho qoba li-tricyclic. Sena se kenyelletsa batho ba nang le:
- glaucoma
- prostate e atolositsoeng
- mathata a qoqotho
- mathata a pelo
Meriana ena e ka phahamisa tsoekere maling. Haeba u na le lefu la tsoekere, u ka tlameha ho lekola maemo a tsoekere ka hloko.
Li-antipsychotic tse tloaelehileng
Meriana ena e phekola matšoao a amanang le schizophrenia. Li kanna tsa sebelisetsoa maemo a mang.
Ba sebetsa joang
Li-antipsychotic tse tloaelehileng li thibela dopamine bokong. Moriana oa pele oa li-antipsychotic sehlopheng sena, chlorpromazine, o hlahisitsoe ho feta. E ntse e sebelisoa le kajeno.
Litla-morao
Litla-morao tsa lithethefatsi tse thibelang mafu li kenyeletsa:
- pono e lerootho
- ho nyekeloa ke pelo
- ho hlatsa
- bothata ba ho robala
- ho tšoenyeha
- Ho otsela
- boima ba 'mele
- mathata a thobalano
Tlhokomeliso
Sehlopha sena sa lithethefatsi se baka mathata a amanang le motsamao a bitsoang litlamorao tsa extrapyramidal. Tsena li ka ba mpe 'me tsa tšoarella nako e telele. Li kenyeletsa:
- ho thothomela
- metsamao ya sefahleho e sa laoleheng
- ho thatafala hoa mesifa
- mathata a ho tsamaea kapa ho tsamaea
Li-antipsychotic tsa tlhaho
Tsena ke meriana e sebelisetsoang ho phekola schizophrenia.
Ba sebetsa joang
Lithethefatsi tsena li sebetsa ka ho thibela lik'hemik'hale tsa boko dopamine D2 le ts'ebetso ea serotonin 5-HT2A receptor.
Lingaka li boetse li sebelisa li-antipsychotic tsa tlhaho ho phekola matšoao a:
- ho ferekana kelellong
- ho tepella maikutlo
- Tourette lefu
Litla-morao
Li-antipsychotic tsa tlhaho li na le tse ling. Tsena li kenyelletsa kotsi e eketsehileng ea:
- lefu la tsoekere
- maemo a phahameng a k'holeseterole
- mathata a amanang le mesifa ea pelo
- metsamao e sa ithaopeng, ho kenyelletsa le ho phatloha hoa mesifa, ho thothomela
- stroke
Litla-morao tsa li-antipsychotic tsa atypical li kenyelletsa:
- ho tsekela
- pipitlelano
- molomo o omileng
- pono e lerootho
- boima ba 'mele
- boroko
Tlhokomeliso
Aripiprazole (Abilify), clozapine (Clozaril) le quetiapine (Seroquel) li na le temoso ea lebokose le letšo bakeng sa mathata a itseng a polokeho. Ho na le kotsi ea ho ipolaea le boitšoaro ho batho ba ka tlase ho lilemo tse 18 ba noang e 'ngoe ea meriana ena.
Ho tsitsisa maikutlo
Lingaka li sebelisa lithethefatsi tsena ho phekola khatello ea maikutlo le mathata a mang a maikutlo, joalo ka lefu la ho ferekana kelellong.
Ba sebetsa joang
Mokhoa o nepahetseng oa ho tsitsisa maikutlo ha o sebetse hantle ha o so utloisisoe hantle. Bafuputsi ba bang ba lumela hore litlhare tsena li khutsisa likarolo tse ikhethileng tsa boko tse tlatsetsang liphetohong tsa maikutlo tsa lefu la ho ferekana kelellong le maemo a amanang.
Litla-morao
Litla-morao tsa li-stabilizers tsa maikutlo li kenyelletsa:
- ho tsekela
- ho nyekeloa ke pelo
- ho hlatsa
- mokgathala
- mathata a mala
Tlhokomeliso
Liphio li tlosa lithium 'meleng, ka hona tšebetso ea liphio le litekanyetso tsa lithium li tlameha ho hlahlojoa khafetsa. Haeba u na le tšebetso e mpe ea liphio, ngaka ea hau e kanna ea hloka ho lokisa lethal dose.
Litšusumetso
Meriana ena e sebetsana haholo le bothata ba khatello ea maikutlo (ADHD).
Ba sebetsa joang
Lits'usumetso li eketsa dopamine le norepinephrine bokong. 'Mele o ka ba le ts'ehetso haeba o sebelisoa nako e telele.
Litla-morao
Litla-morao tsa li-stimulants li kenyelletsa:
- mathata a ho robala
- ho hloka takatso ya dijo
- boima ba 'mele
Tlhokomeliso
Lits'usumetso li ka eketsa lebelo la pelo le khatello ea mali. E kanna ea se be khetho e ntle ha o na le mathata a pelo kapa khatello ea mali.
Likotsi le litemoso tsa lebokose le letšo bakeng sa li-psychotropics
FDA e hloka meriana e itseng kapa lihlopha tsa meriana. Tsena e ka ba ka mabaka a mararo a mantlha:
- Kotsi ea karabelo e kotsi e tlameha ho lekanyetsoa ka melemo ea eona pele e sebelisoa.
- Phetoho ea tekanyetso e ka hlokahala bakeng sa ho fana ka litaelo tse bolokehileng.
- Sehlopha se itseng sa batho, joalo ka bana kapa bakhachane, se kanna sa hloka tlhokomelo e khethehileng bakeng sa ts'ebeliso e bolokehileng.
Lithethefatsi le litlelase tse 'maloa ke tsena ka litemoso tsa mabokose. Lena ha se lenane le felletseng la litemoso. Kamehla botsa ngaka kapa setsebi sa metsoako ka litla-morao le likotsi tse itseng tsa lithethefatsi:
- Aripiprazole (Abilify) le quetiapine (Seroquel) ha e lumelloe ke FDA hore e ka sebelisoa ho mang kapa mang ea ka tlase ho lilemo tse 18 ka lebaka la kotsi ea menahano le boits'oaro ba ho ipolaea.
- Tšebeliso ea meriana ea meriana e loantšang kelello ho batho ba baholo ba nang le ts'oaetso e amanang le 'dementia' e ka eketsa kotsi ea lefu.
- Ho imeloa kelellong ho ka mpefatsa menahano le boits'oaro ba bana le bacha.
- Lithethefatsi tse susumetsang li ka baka ho itšetleha le ho lemalla.
- Li-Benzodiazepines tse nkuoeng ka meriana ea opioid li ka eketsa kotsi ea ho fetela holimo.
- Clozapine (Clozaril) e ka baka agranulocytosis, lefu le tebileng la mali. U hloka ho etsoa mosebetsi oa mali ho lekola palo ea lisele tse tšoeu tsa mali. E ka baka le ts'ohlo le mathata a pelo le a ho hema, a ka bang kotsi bophelong.
Qoba ho kopanya lithethefatsi tsa psychotropic le joala. Lihlopha tse ling, joalo ka li-BZD, li-anti-depressing le meriana e thibelang mafu, li na le litlamorao tse kholo tsa joala. Sena se ka baka mathata ka teka-tekano, tlhokomeliso le khokahano. E ka boela ea liehisa kapa ea emisa ho hema, e ka bang kotsi bophelong.
Likamano tsa lithethefatsi
Lithethefatsi tsa psychotropic li na le litšebelisano tse ngata le lithethefatsi tse ling, lijo, joala le lihlahisoa tsa morekisi (OTC). Kamehla bolella ngaka le setsebi sa metsoako meriana eohle le litlatsetso tseo u li nkang ho qoba liphetoho tse mpe.
Lithethefatsi tse susumetsang joaloka amphetamine li sebelisana le:
- SSRIs
- SNRIs
- MAOI
- li-tricyclics
- lithium
Ho kopanya lithethefatsi tsena ho ka baka karabelo e tebileng e bitsoang lefu la serotonin. Haeba o hloka ho noa mefuta e 'meli ea meriana, ngaka ea hau e tla fetola litekanyetso ho qoba litšebelisano tse mpe.
Litemoso tse khethehileng bakeng sa bana, bakhachane le batho ba baholo- Bana. Meriana e meng ea psychotropic e na le kotsi e kholo ea litla-morao ho bana mme ha e lumelloe ke FDA hore e ka sebelisoa ho bana. Ngaka ea hau e tla tšohla likotsi le melemo ea meriana e itseng.
- Boimana. Ho na le tlhaiso-leseling e fokolang mabapi le ts'ebeliso ea li-psychotropics nakong ea bokhachane. Melemo le likotsi li tlameha ho tsotelloa ka hloko bakeng sa motho ka mong le sethethefatsi se seng le se seng. Lithethefatsi tse ling, joalo ka li-BZD le lithium, li kotsi nakong ea bokhachane. Li-SSRI tse ling li ka eketsa menyetla ea ho holofala. Ts'ebeliso ea SNRI ho trimester ea bobeli e ka baka matšoao a ho khaotsa masea. Ngaka ea hau e tlameha ho u hlahloba ka hloko le lesea la hau haeba u sebelisa li-psychotropics.
- Batho ba baholo. Lithethefatsi tse ling li ka nka nako e teletsana hore 'mele oa hau o hlake haeba sebete sa hao kapa liphio li sa sebetse hantle. U kanna oa noa meriana e mengata, e ka sebelisanang kapa ea eketsa kotsi ea litla-morao kapa litlamorao tse mpe. Tekanyo ea hau e ka hloka phetoho. Pele o qala meriana efe kapa efe e mecha, etsa bonnete ba hore o buisana le ngaka ea hau ka meriana eohle ea hau, ho kenyeletsoa lithethefatsi tsa OTC.
Litaba tsa molao tse mabapi le lithethefatsi tsa psychotropic
Li-BZD le li-stimulants ke lintho tse laoloang hobane li ka baka ts'epahalo mme li na le monyetla oa ts'ebeliso e mpe.
Le ka mohla u se ke ua arolelana kapa ua rekisa meriana ea hau ea ngaka. Ho na le likotlo tsa mmuso tsa ho rekisa kapa ho reka meriana ena ka molao.
Meriana ena e ka baka ts'epahalo mme ea lebisa ho mathata a ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi.
Haeba uena kapa moratuoa oa hau le kotsing ea ho intša kotsi, nanabela National Suicide Prevention Lifeline ho 800-273-TALK bakeng sa thuso.
Bakeng sa tšehetso le ho ithuta haholoanyane ka mathata a ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi, fihlella mekhatlo ena:
- Narcotics Anonymous (NA)
- Setsi sa Naha sa Tlhekefetso ea Lithethefatsi (NIDA)
- Tlhekefetso ea Lithethefatsi le Tsamaiso ea Ts'ebeletso ea Bophelo ba kelello (SAMHSA)
Nako ea ho batla tlhokomelo ea maemo a tšohanyetso
Meriana ea Psychotropic e ka ba le litla-morao tse tebileng. Ho batho ba bang, litla-morao li ka ba matla.
batla kalafo ya tshohanyetsoBitsa ngaka kapa 911 hang-hang haeba u e-na le matšoao ana:
- matšoao a hau a ntse a mpefala (khatello ea maikutlo, ho tšoenyeha, ho hlonama)
- menahano ea ho ipolaea
- ho tšoha
- ho tsitsinyeha
- ho hloka botsitso
- ho hlobaela
- ho eketseha ha lebelo la pelo le khatello ea mali
- ho teneha kapele, ho halefa, ho ba mabifi
- ho etsa ka lepotlapotla le liphetoho tse ling tse makatsang boitšoarong
- sethoathoa
Ntlha ea bohlokoa
Psychotropics e koahela sehlopha se seholo haholo sa lithethefatsi tse sebelisetsoang ho alafa mefuta e fapaneng ea matšoao.
Kaofela ba sebetsa ka ho fetola maemo a methapo ea kutlo ho u thusa hore u ikutloe u le betere.
Meriana eo ngaka e u laelang eona e ipapisitse le lintlha tse ngata, joalo ka lilemo tsa hau, maemo a mang a bophelo bo botle ao u ka bang le ona, meriana e meng eo u e sebelisang, le nalane ea hau ea meriana e fetileng.
Hase meriana eohle e sebetsang hang-hang. Tse ling li nka nako. E-ba le mamello, 'me u buisane le ngaka ea hau haeba matšoao a hao a ntse a mpefala.
Buisanang ka mekhoa eohle ea kalafo, ho kenyeletsoa kalafo ea boits'oaro, le mofani oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo ho etsa moralo oa tlhokomelo e molemohali bakeng sa hau.