Tšilafalo ea moea: ke eng, litlamorao le hore na o ka fokotseha joang

Litaba

• Mefuta ea lintho tse silafatsang
• Lintho tse ka sehloohong tse silafatsang moea le litlamorao tsa bophelo bo botle
• 1. Carbon monoxide
• 2. Sebabole dioxide
• 3. Nitrojene dioxide
• 4. Particulate lintho tse bonahalang
• 5. Etella pele
• 6. Ozone
• Mokhoa oa ho fokotsa tšilafalo ea moea

Tšilafalo ea moea, e tsejoang hape e le tšilafalo ea moea, e khetholloa ka boteng ba lintho tse silafatsang sepakapakeng ka bongata le bolelele ba nako tse kotsi ho batho, limela le liphoofolo.

Lintho tsena tse silafatsang li ka bakoa ke mehloli ea li-anthopogenic, joalo ka mesebetsi ea indasteri, ho tsoa ha makoloi le ho chesoa ha litšila sebakeng se bulehileng, mohlala, kapa ho tsoa mehloling ea tlhaho, joalo ka mollo, lifefo tsa lehlabathe kapa ho foqoha ha seretse se chesang.

Ts'ilaetso ena kaofela e kotsi bophelong 'me e ka baka mathata a ho hema, ho teneha ha letlalo, mahlo le mamina, ho mpefala ha mafu a phefumolohang, kapa hona ho eketsa menyetla ea ho ba le mofetše.

Kahoo, ho bohlokoa ho amohela mehato ea ho thibela le ho fokotsa tšilafalo ea moea, joalo ka ho eketsa ts'ebeliso ea matla a nchafatsoang, ho sebelisa lipalangoang tsa sechaba, ho thibela mollo le ho eketsa libaka tse tala, mohlala.

Mefuta ea lintho tse silafatsang

Lintho tse silafatsang moea li ka aroloa ka litšila tsa mantlha le tsa bobeli. Lintho tse ka sehloohong tse silafatsang ke tse ntšitsoeng ka kotloloho ke mehloli ea ts'ilafalo, 'me litšila tse tla latela ke tse entsoeng moeeng ka tšebetso ea lik'hemik'hale lipakeng tsa lintho tse silafatsang tse ka sehloohong le likarolo tsa tlhaho tsa sepakapaka.

Ka lehlakoreng le leng, litšila tse ka sehloohong li ka khetholloa e le tsa tlhaho kapa li-anthropogenic:

Uena lintho tse silafatsang tlhaho ka lebaka la mehloli ea tlhaho joalo ka molora le likhase tse tsoang moeeng o foqohang seretse se chesang, leholiotsoana la lehlabathe le lerōle, ho bola ha liphoofolo le limela, likaroloana le mosi o tsoang mollong oa morung, lerōle la bokahohle, mouoane oa tlhaho, likhase tse tsoang pheletsong ea lintho tse phelang le moea oa leoatle o tsoang maoatleng le mawatle.

Uena kgotlelo anthropogenic ke tse bakiloeng ke liketso tsa batho, joalo ka mehloli ea ts'ilafalo ea indasteri, likoloi tse sebelisang mafura, ho chesa lithōle pepeneneng le ho chesa litšila, ho sebelisa lihlahisoa tse sa tsitsang, mafura a indastering le thermoelectric le khase ea lits'ebetso tsa lik'hemik'hale.

Tseba likotsi tse kholo tsa ho hema mosi oa mollo.

Lintho tse ka sehloohong tse silafatsang moea le litlamorao tsa bophelo bo botle

Lintho tse ka sehloohong tse silafatsang moea o kantle le litlamorao tsa tsona bophelong bo botle le tikolohong ke:

1. Carbon monoxide

Carbon monoxide ke khase e ka chang habonolo hape e chefo haholo, e lebisang mosi o mongata oa koae le ho tuka ha mafura ho sa phethahaleng, joalo ka a lokolloang ke makoloi.

Liphello: tšilafalo ena e fokotsa matla a mali a ho tsamaisa oksijene ho lisele le lisele, tse ka fokolisang mesebetsi ea ho lemoha le ho nahana, ho liehisa maikutlo, ho baka hlooho, ho otsela, ho tsekela le ho nyekeloa ke pelo, tlhaselo ea pelo, bohloko, tšenyo ea kholo ea masea nakong ea bokhachane le baneng ba banyane. Ntle le moo, e ka mpefatsa maloetse a kang bronchitis e sa foleng, emphysema le khaello ea mali. Maemong a phahameng haholo e baka ho putlama, ho akheha, ho senyeha ha boko le lefu.

2. Sebabole dioxide

Ena ke khase e halefisang e hlahisang ho chesa ha mashala le lioli tse boima lijaneng tsa motlakase, liindastering le ho tleneng ha disele ke likoloi. Ka sepakapakeng e ka fetoloa acid e sulfuric.

Liphello: Sulphur dioxide e ka baka mathata a ho hema, haholo-holo ho batho ba nang le asthma le bronchitis. Ntle le moo, e fokotsa ponahalo mme, sepakapakeng, e ka fetohela ho sulfuric acid, mme qetellong ea beha le ho baka tšenyo ho lifate, mobu le bophelo ba metsing ka pula ea asiti.

3. Nitrojene dioxide

Nitrogen dioxide ke khase e halefisang, e chefo haholo ebile e na le matla a oxidizing, a sepakapakeng a ka fetoloang ho ba nitric acid le nitrate ea manyolo. Tšilafalo ena e bakoa haholo ke ho chesoa hoa mafura ke likoloi le mechini ea motlakase le ea indasteri.

Liphello: Nitrogen dioxide e ka baka ho teneha le tšenyo ea matšoafo, ea mpefatsa asma le bronchitis e sa foleng, mme ea eketsa ts'oaetso ea mafu a phefumolohang, joalo ka sefuba le ntaramane. Ntle le moo, e boetse e kenya letsoho ho fokotseng ponahalo le ho beoa ha asiti ea nitric, ka lebaka la phetoho ea eona moeeng, e ka senya lifate, mobu le bophelo ba metsing matšeng.

4. Particulate lintho tse bonahalang

Ntho ea bohlokoa ke sete ea likaroloana tse nyane tse bobebe le marotholi tse emisitsoeng sepakapakeng, ka lebaka la boholo ba tsona bo bonyenyane. Sebopeho sa likaroloana tsena se ipapisitse le mohloli o silafatsang, joalo ka ho tuka ha mashala litsing tsa motlakase oa motlakase le mechini ea indasteri, ho chesa mafura a dizeli likoloi, limela tsa samente, mollo, mollo, mesebetsi ea kaho le li-aerosol, mohlala.

Liphello: Likaroloana tsena ka etsa hore ho teneha ka nko le 'metso, tšenyo ea matšoafo, la bronchitis, mpefala bronchitis le asma. Haeba likaroloana tse chefo li entsoe ka loto, cadmium, biphenyls e nang le polychlorine le / kapa dioxin, li ka baka liphetoho, mathata a kemolo le mofetše. Ntle le moo, tse ling tsa likaroloana tsena li boetse li fokotsa ho bonahala 'me li ka baka tšenyo ho lifate, mobu le bophelo ba metsing.

5. Etella pele

Moeta-pele ke tšepe e chefo, e hlahisoang ke pente ea meaho ea khale, lisebelisoa tsa tšepe, tlhahiso ea lead, libeteri le peterole e nang le lead.

Liphello: Tšilafalo ena e bokellana 'meleng mme e ka baka tšenyo tsamaisong ea methapo e bohareng, joalo ka ho holofala kelellong, mathata a tšilo ea lijo kapa esita le mofetše. Ntle le moo, e na le tšusumetso e mpe ho liphoofolo tse hlaha. Tseba ho tseba matšoao a chefo ea loto.

6. Ozone

Ozone ke khase e sebetsang haholo ebile e halefisang, e hlahisoang ke moea o tsoang likoloi le mechini ea indasteri. Ozone e teng karolong e kaholimo ea sepakapaka e sireletsa mahlaseling a letsatsi a mahlaseli a kotsi, leha ho le joalo, ha e fumanoa haufi le lefatše, e itšoara joalo ka ntho e silafatsang, e kenang haholo nakong ea mocheso, mahlaseli a phahameng a letsatsi le tikoloho e ommeng.

Liphello: Joalo ka lintho tse ling tse silafatsang, ozone le eona e ka baka mathata a ho hema, ho khohlela, ho halefa ha mahlo, nko le 'metso, ea mpefatsa maloetse a sa foleng a kang asthma, bronchitis, emphysema le lefu la pelo, ea fokotsa tšoaetso ea mafu a phefumolohang le ho potlakisa lisele tsa matšoafo tse tsofalang. Ntle le moo, e boetse e kenya letsoho tšenyehong ea limela le lifate le ho fokotsa ponahalo.

Mokhoa oa ho fokotsa tšilafalo ea moea

Tšilafalo ea moea e ka fokotsoa ka ho sebelisa mehato e kang:

• Phetolo ea mafura ka matla a nchafatsoang;
• Khetha ho tsamaea ka mokhoa o sebetsang le o ts'oarellang, joalo ka baesekele, ho tsamaea ka maoto le lipalangoang tsa sechaba;
• Tlosa likoloi tsa khale ho potoloha;
• Keketseho ea libaka tse tala tikolohong ea litoropo le libakeng tse senyehileng tsa meru;
• Ho khothaletsa paballo ea libaka tsa meru;
• Fokotsa tšebeliso ea meriana e bolaeang likokonyana;
• Fokotsa mollo o bulehileng;
• Khothaletsa liindasteri ho sebelisa lisebelisoa tse kang li-catalysts le li-filter ho boloka mosi le lintho tse silafatsang.

Bona le limela tsa ntlo tse thusang ho hloekisa moea le ho ntlafatsa bophelo bo botle.

Ho bohlokoa hape ho lekola boleng ba moea khafetsa molemong oa ho nts'etsapele mananeo a ho fokotsa tšilafalo le ho lekola ho sebetsa ha ona ho laoleng boleng ba moea. Tlhahlobo ea boleng ba moea e bohlokoa bakeng sa baetsi ba melaoana ho tsebisoa ka litlamorao le likotsi tse ka bang teng, e ba lumellang ho rala liketso le maano a sechaba.