Pap Smear

Litaba

• Pap smear ke eng?
• E sebelisetsoa eng?
• Hobaneng ha ke hloka tlhatlhobo ea Pap?
• Ho etsahalang nakong ea Pap smear?
• Na ke tla hloka ho etsa eng kapa eng ho itokisetsa tlhahlobo?
• Na ho na le likotsi tsa tlhahlobo?
• Liphetho li bolelang?
• Na ho na le eng kapa eng eo ke hlokang ho e tseba ka Pap smear?
• Litšupiso

Pap smear ke eng?

Pap smear ke teko bakeng sa basali e ka thusang ho fumana kapa ho thibela mofetše oa popelo. Nakong ea ts'ebetso, lisele li bokelloa molomong oa pōpelo, e leng karolo e ka tlase, e moqotetsane ea popelo e bulehang ka hara botshehadi. Lisele li hlahlojoa kankere kapa matšoao a hore e ka ba mofetše. Tsena li bitsoa lisele tsa pele ho nako. Ho fumana le ho phekola lisele tse ka pele ho nako ho ka thusa ho thibela mofetše oa popelo. Pap smear ke tsela e tšepahalang ea ho fumana mofets'e kapele, ha e phekoleha haholo.

Mabitso a mang bakeng sa tlhatlhobo ea Pap: Tlhatlhobo ea Pap, cytology ea mokokotlo, Teko ea Papanicolaou, Teko ea Pap smear, mokhoa oa ho tlotsa botšehali

E sebelisetsoa eng?

Pap smear ke mokhoa oa ho lemoha lisele tse sa tloaelehang tsa popelo pele li fetoha mofetše. Ka linako tse ling lisele tse bokelitsoeng ho tsoa ho Pap smear le tsona li hlahlojoa bakeng sa HPV, vaerase e ka bakang liphetoho tsa sele tse ka lebisang ho mofets'e. Pap smears, hammoho le tlhahlobo ea HPV, li nkuoa e le liteko tsa tlhahlobo ea mofetše oa popelo. Ho hlahlojoa ha mofetše oa popelo ho bontšitse ho fokotsa haholo palo ea batho ba nang le mofetše le ho bolaoa ke lefu lena.

Hobaneng ha ke hloka tlhatlhobo ea Pap?

Boholo ba basali ba pakeng tsa lilemo tse 21 le 65 ba lokela ho ba le li-pap smear khafetsa.

• Basali ba pakeng tsa lilemo tse 21 le 29 ba lokela ho hlahlojoa lilemo tse ling le tse ling tse tharo.
• Basali ba lilemo li 30-65 ba ka hlahlojoa lilemo tse ling le tse ling tse hlano haeba tlhahlobo e kopantsoe le tlhahlobo ea HPV. Haeba ho se na tlhahlobo ea HPV, Pap e lokela ho etsoa lilemo tse ling le tse ling tse tharo.

Ho hlahloba ke che e khothalletsoang ho basali kapa banana ba ka tlase ho lilemo tse 21. Sehlopheng sena sa lilemo, kotsi ea mofetše oa popelo e tlase haholo. Hape, liphetoho life kapa life liseleng tsa mokokotlo li kanna tsa iphela ka botsona.

Ho hlahlojoa ho ka khothaletsoa haeba u na le mabaka a itseng a kotsi. U kanna oa ba kotsing e kholo haeba u:

• Ke bile le Pap smear e sa tloaelehang nakong e fetileng
• E-ba le HIV
• E-ba le sesole sa 'mele se fokolang
• Ba ile ba pepesetsoa moriana o bitsoang DES (Diethylstilbestrol) pele a hlaha. Pakeng tsa lilemo tsa 1940-1971, DES e ile ea fuoa basali ba baimana e le mokhoa oa ho thibela ho senyeheloa ke mpa. Hamorao e ile ea hokahanngoa le kotsi e eketsehileng ea mofetše o itseng ho bana ba basali ba pepesehileng nakong ea bokhachane.

Basali ba baholo ho feta lilemo tse 65 ba bileng le li-smear tse tloaelehileng tsa Pap bakeng sa lilemo tse 'maloa kapa ba entsoe opereishene ea ho ntša popelo le molomo oa popelo ba kanna ba se hloke ho ba le li-smear tsa Pap. Haeba o sa tiisehe hore na o hloka Pap smear, buisana le mofani wa tlhokomelo ya bophelo.

Ho etsahalang nakong ea Pap smear?

Pap smear hangata e nkoa nakong ea tlhahlobo ea pelvic. Nakong ea tlhahlobo ea pelvic, o tla robala tafoleng ea tlhatlhobo ha mofani oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo a ntse a lekola bosaling, botshehadi, molomo oa popelo, rectum le noka ho hlahloba lintho tse sa tloaelehang. Bakeng sa Pap smear, mofani oa hau o tla sebelisa sesebelisoa sa polasetiki kapa sa tšepe se bitsoang speculum ho bula botshehadi, hore molomo oa popelo o bonahale. Mofani oa hau o tla sebelisa borashe bo bonolo kapa polasetiki ea spatula ho bokella lisele tse tsoang molomong oa molomo.

Na ke tla hloka ho etsa eng kapa eng ho itokisetsa tlhahlobo?

Ha ua tšoanela ho ba le Pap smear ha u ntse u ilela khoeli. Nako e ntle ea ho etsa tlhahlobo e ka ba matsatsi a mahlano kamora letsatsi la ho qetela la nako ea hau. Litlhahiso tse ling ke ho qoba mesebetsi e itseng matsatsi a 'maloa pele ho Pap smear ea hau. Matsatsi a mabeli ho isa ho a mararo pele ho tlhahlobo ea hau ha ua lokela ho:

• Sebelisa lithampone
• Sebelisa makhopho a thibelo ea bokhachane kapa litlolo tse ling tsa botšehali
• Douche
• Kopanela liphate

Na ho na le likotsi tsa tlhahlobo?

U kanna oa utloa bohloko nakong ea ts'ebetso, empa ha ho na likotsi tse tsebahalang ho Pap smear.

Liphetho li bolelang?

Liphetho tsa hau tsa Pap smear li tla bonts'a hore na lisele tsa hau tsa popelo li tloaelehile kapa ha lia tloaeleha. U ka fumana sephetho se sa hlaka.

• Smear e tloaelehileng ea Pap. Lisele tse molomong oa molomo oa hao li ne li tloaelehile. Mofani oa hao oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo o tla khothaletsa hore u khutlele tlhahlobo e 'ngoe hape ka lilemo tse tharo ho isa ho tse hlano ho latela lilemo tsa hau le nalane ea bongaka.
• Liphetho tse sa hlaka kapa tse sa khotsofatseng. Mohlomong ho ne ho se na lisele tse lekaneng sampoleng ea hau kapa ho kanna ha ba le bothata bo bong bo entseng hore ho be thata ho laborata ho bala hantle. Mofani oa hao oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo a ka u kopa hore u kene bakeng sa tlhahlobo e 'ngoe.
• Smear e sa tloaelehang ea Pap. Ho fumanoe liphetoho tse sa tloaelehang liseleng tsa hau tsa popelo. Boholo ba basali ba nang le liphetho tse sa tloaelehang ha ba na mofetše oa popelo. Empa, mofani oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo ba hau a ka khothaletsa tlhahlobo ea tlhaiso-leseling ho lekola lisele tsa hau. Lisele tse ngata li tla khutlela setloaeling ka botsona. Lisele tse ling li ka fetoha lisele tsa mofetše haeba li sa phekoloe. Ho fumana lisele tsena le ho li phekola kapele ho ka thusa ho thibela mofetše ho hola.

Bua le mofani oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo ho ithuta hore na liphetho tsa hau tsa Pap smear li bolelang.

Ithute haholoanyane ka liteko tsa laboratori, libaka tsa litšupiso, le liphetho tsa kutloisiso.

Na ho na le eng kapa eng eo ke hlokang ho e tseba ka Pap smear?

Basali ba likete ba Amerika ba bolaoa ke mofetše oa popelo selemo se seng le se seng. Pap smear, hammoho le tlhahlobo ea HPV, ke e 'ngoe ea litsela tse sebetsang ka ho fetisisa tsa ho thibela mofetše ho hlaha.

Litšupiso

1. Mokhatlo oa American Cancer [Inthanete]. Atlanta: Mokhatlo oa Amerika oa Kankere Inc .; c2017. Na Kankere ea Mokhachane e ka Thibeloa ?; [e ntlafalitsoeng 2016 Dec 5; e qotsitsoeng ka 2017 Feb 3]; [li-skrini tse ka bang 3]. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: https://www.cancer.org/cancer/cervical-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/prevention.html
2. Mokhatlo oa American Cancer [Inthanete]. Atlanta: Mokhatlo oa Amerika oa Kankere Inc .; c2017. Tataiso ea Mokhatlo oa Kankere ea Amerika bakeng sa Thibelo le Temo ea Pele ea Kankere ea Mokhachane; [e ntlafalitsoeng 2016 Dec 9; e qotsitsoeng ka 2017 Mar 10]; [hoo e ka bang li-skrini tse 4]. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: https://www.cancer.org/cancer/cervical-cancer/prevention-and-early-detection/cervical-cancer-screening-guidelines.html
3. Mokhatlo oa American Cancer [Inthanete]. Atlanta: Mokhatlo oa Amerika oa Kankere Inc .; c2017. Teko ea Pap (Papanicolaou); [e ntlafalitsoeng 2016 Dec 9; e qotsitsoeng ka 2017 Feb 3]; [li-skrini tse ka bang 6]. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: https://www.cancer.org/cancer/cervical-cancer/prevention-and-early-detection/pap-test.html
4. Litsi tsa Tlhokomelo le Thibelo ea Maloetse [Internet]. Atlanta: Lefapha la Bophelo le Litšebeletso tsa Botho la U.S. Tlhahisoleseling ea mantlha mabapi le mofetše oa popelo; [e ntlafalitsoeng ka la 2014 Mphalane 14; e qotsitsoeng ka 2017 Feb 3]; [li-skrini tse ka bang 3]. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/cervical/basic_info/index.htm
5. Litsi tsa Tlhokomelo le Thibelo ea Maloetse [Internet]. Atlanta: Lefapha la Bophelo le Litšebeletso tsa Botho la U.S. Ke Eng Seo ke Lokelang ho se Tseba ka ho Itlhahloba ?; [e ntlafalitsoeng 2016 Mar 29; e qotsitsoeng ka 2017 Feb 3]; [hoo e ka bang li-skrini tse 4]. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/cervical/basic_info/screening.htm
6. Mokhatlo oa Naha oa Kankere [Inthanete]. Bethesda (MD): Lefapha la Bophelo le Litšebeletso tsa Botho la U.S. Bukantswe ya NCI ya Dipehelo tsa Kankere: molomo wa popelo; [e qotsitsoeng 2017 Feb 3]; [li-skrini tse ka bang 3]. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms?cdrid=46133
7. Mokhatlo oa Naha oa Kankere [Inthanete]. Bethesda (MD): Lefapha la Bophelo le Litšebeletso tsa Botho la U.S. Diethylstilbestrol (DES) le Kankere; [e ntlafalitsoeng ka la 2011 Mphalane 5; e qotsitsoeng ka 2017 Feb 3]; [hoo e ka bang li-skrini tse 4]. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/hormones/des-fact-sheet
8. Mokhatlo oa Naha oa Kankere [Inthanete]. Bethesda (MD): Lefapha la Bophelo le Litšebeletso tsa Botho la U.S. Bukantswe ya NCI ya Dipehelo tsa Kankere: Teko ya Pap; [e qotsitsoeng 2017 Feb 3]; [li-skrini tse ka bang 3]. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms?cdrid=45978
9. Mokhatlo oa Naha oa Kankere [Inthanete]. Bethesda (MD): Lefapha la Bophelo le Litšebeletso tsa Botho la U.S. Teko ea PAP le HPV; [e qotsitsoeng 2017 Feb 3]; [li-skrini tse ka bang 2]. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: https://www.cancer.gov/types/cervical/pap-hpv-testing-fact-sheet
10. Mokhatlo oa Naha oa Kankere [Inthanete]. Bethesda (MD): Lefapha la Bophelo le Litšebeletso tsa Botho la U.S. Bukana ea Kankere ea Kankere ea Kankere ea NCI: [e qotsitsoeng 2017 Feb 3]; [li-skrini tse ka bang 3]. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms?search=precancerous
11. Mokhatlo oa Naha oa Kankere [Inthanete]. Bethesda (MD): Lefapha la Bophelo le Litšebeletso tsa Botho la U.S. Ho utloisisa liphetoho tsa mokokotlo: Tataiso ea Bophelo ho Basali; 2015 Mphalane 22; [e qotsitsoeng 2017 Feb 3]; [li-skrini tse ka bang 2]. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: https://www.cancer.gov/types/cervical/understanding-cervical-changes
12. Setsi sa Bongaka sa Rochester [Internet]. Rochester (NY): Setsi sa Bongaka sa Univesithi ea Rochester; c2017. Health Encyclopedia: Pap; [e qotsitsoeng 2017 Feb 3]; [li-skrini tse ka bang 2]. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?contenttypeid=167&contentid;=pap

Tlhahisoleseling e fumanehang sebakeng sena sa marang-rang ha ea lokela ho sebelisoa ho nka sebaka sa tlhokomelo ea bongaka le likeletso. Ikopanye le mofani oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo haeba u na le lipotso ka bophelo ba hau.