Li-vithamine tse 9 tsa Bohlokoa ka ho Fetisisa Bakeng sa Bophelo ba Mahlo
Litaba
- 1. Vithamine A
- 2. Vithamine E
- 3. Vithamine C
- 4. Li-vithamine B6, B9 le B12
- 5. Riboflavin
- 6. Niacin
- 7. Lutein le Zeaxanthin
- 8. Omega-3 Fatty Acids
- 9. Thiamine
- Ntlha ea Bohlokoa
Mahlo a hau ke litho tse rarahaneng tse hlokang livithamini le limatlafatsi tse fapaneng hore li sebetse hantle.
Maemo a tloaelehileng, joalo ka ts'oaetso ea lefu la tsoekere, ts'oaetso e amanang le botsofali, glaucoma le lera la mahlo, a ka ama mahlo a hau.
Leha mabaka a fapaneng a baka maemo ana, phepo e nepahetseng e bonahala e na le tšusumetso ho tsona kaofela - bonyane ka karolo e 'ngoe.
Li-vithamine tse 9 tsa bohlokoa le limatlafatsi tse thusang ho boloka bophelo bo botle ba mahlo.
1. Vithamine A
Vithamine A e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ponong ka ho boloka cornea e hlakileng, e leng sekoaelo se kantle sa leihlo la hau.
Vithamine ena hape ke karolo ea rhodopsin, protheine e mahlong a hau e u lumellang ho bona maemong a mabone a tlase (1).
Ho haella ha vithamine A ho fumaneha ka seoelo linaheng tse tsoetseng pele, empa haeba ho sa rarolloe mathata ho ka lebisa boemong bo tebileng bo bitsoang xerophthalmia.
Xerophthalmia ke lefu le tsoelang pele la mahlo le qalang ka bofofu ba bosiu. Haeba khaello ea vithamine A e ntse e tsoela pele, methapo ea hau ea meokho le mahlo a ka omella. Qetellong, cornea ea hau ea nolofala, e hlahisang bofofu bo ke keng ba etsolloa (1, 2).
Vithamine A e ka thusa ho itšireletsa khahlanong le mahlomola a mang a mahlo. Liphuputso tse ling li fana ka maikutlo a hore lijo tse nang le vithamine A e ngata li ka amahanngoa le kotsi e fokotsehileng ea lera la mahlo le ho holofala ha macular ho amanang le lilemo (AMD) (,,,).
Bakeng sa bophelo bo botle ba mahlo, ho khothalletsoa lijo tse nang le vithamine A ho feta li-supplement. Litapole ke mohloli o motle haholo, joalo ka meroho e tala e makhasi, maphutshe le pelepele (1).
Kakaretso Ho haella ha vithamine A ho matla ho ka lebisa ho xerophthalmia, boemo bo tebileng bo ka lebisang bofofu. Liphuputsong tse ling, ho noa vithamine A ho hoholo ho ne ho amahanngoa le kotsi e fokotsehileng ea lera la mahlo le ho senyeha hoa macular ho amanang le lilemo.2. Vithamine E
Maemo a mangata a mahlo ho lumeloa hore a amahanngoa le khatello ea mali, e leng ho se leka-lekane lipakeng tsa li-antioxidants le li-radical tsa mahala 'meleng oa hau (,).
Vitamin E ke antioxidant e matla e thusang ho sireletsa lisele tsa hau - ho kenyeletsoa le lisele tsa mahlo - ho tsoa tšenyo ea li-radicals tsa mahala, tse kotsi, tse sa tsitsang limolek'hule.
Phuputso e le 'ngoe ea lilemo tse supileng ho batho ba 3,640 ba nang le AMD e bonts'itse hore ho nka 400 IU ea vithamine E le limatlafatsi tse ling tse' maloa ho tlatsetso ea letsatsi le letsatsi e bitsoang AREDS ho fokotsitse menyetla ea ho tsoela pele ka mekhahlelo e tsoetseng pele ka 25% ().
Ho phaella moo, liphuputso tse ling li bontša hore lijo tse nang le vithamine E e ngata li ka thusa ho thibela lera le amanang le lilemo. Leha ho le joalo, lipatlisiso tse ling lia hlokahala kaha lithuto tse ling ha li bontše kamano lipakeng tsa vithamine E le boemo bona ().
Leha ho le joalo, lijo tse kenyelletsang vithamine E e lekaneng li khothalletsoa ho boloka bophelo bo botle ba mahlo. Likhetho tse ling tsa borui ba vithamine E li kenyelletsa linate, lipeo le oli ea ho pheha. Salmone, avocado le meroho e tala e makhasi le tsona ke mehloli e metle.
Kakaretso Vitamin E, antioxidant, e ka thusa ho sireletsa mahlo a hau khahlanong le ho senya li-radicals tsa mahala. E sebelisoa tlatsetsong ea letsatsi le letsatsi e bitsoang AREDS joalo ka kalafo e ka bang teng bakeng sa AMD, 'me chelete e ngata lijong tsa hau e kanna ea amahanngoa le kotsi e fokotsehileng ea lera la mahlo.3. Vithamine C
Joalo ka vithamine E, vithamine C ke antioxidant e matla e ka sirelletsang mahlo a hau khahlanong le ho senya li-radicals tsa mahala (11).
Vithamine C le limatlafatsi tse ling tse 'maloa li sebelisoa tlatsetsong ea AREDS, e ka thusang ba nang le AMD. Ha e nkuoa letsatsi le leng le le leng, phuputso e 'ngoe e bontša hore AREDS e ka fokotsa kotsi ea boemo bona bo tsoelang pele ka 25% ().
Ntle le moo, ho hlokahala vithamine C ho etsa collagen, protheine e fanang ka sebopeho leihlong la hau, haholo-holo ho cornea le sclera ().
Liphuputso tse 'maloa tsa ho shebella li fana ka maikutlo a hore vithamine C e ka thusa ho theola menyetla ea ho ba le lera la mahlo, boemo bo etsang hore leihlo la hau le fifale le ho sitisa pono ().
Mohlala, phuputso e 'ngoe e shebileng e bontšitse kotsi e fokotsehileng ea 75% ea ho ba le lera ha ho noa ha vithamine C ea letsatsi le letsatsi ho ne ho le kaholimo ho 490 mg, ha ho bapisoa le 125 mg kapa ka tlase ho moo ().
Phuputso e 'ngoe e fumane hore li-supplement tsa vithamine C tse tloaelehileng li ka fokotsa kotsi ea lera ka 45% ().
Li-citrus le litholoana tsa tropike, pelepele ea tšepe, broccoli le khale li na le vithamine C e ngata haholo, e li etsang khetho e ntle ea ho matlafatsa lijo tsa hau tsa letsatsi le letsatsi.
Kakaretso Vithamine C e theha collagen, protheine e fanang ka sebopeho mahlong a hau. Liphuputso tse shebiloeng li fana ka maikutlo a hore vithamine ena e ka itšireletsa khahlanong le lera la mahlo mme ea thusa ho thibela tsoelo-pele ea AMD.4. Li-vithamine B6, B9 le B12
Bafuputsi ba boetse ba ithutile livithamini tse 'maloa tsa B bakeng sa tšusumetso ea tsona ho bophelo ba mahlo, haholo livithamini B6, B9 le B12.
Motsoako ona oa livithamini o ka theola maemo a homocysteine, protheine 'meleng oa hau e ka amanang le ho ruruha le kotsi e kholo ea ho ba le AMD ().
Phuputso ea bongaka ho basali e bontšitse hore 34% e fokotsitse kotsi ea ho nts'etsapele AMD ha e ntse e nka mcg ea 1,000 ea vithamine B12 hammoho le livithamini B6 le B9 ().
Leha ho le joalo, ho hlokahala lipatlisiso tse ngata ho netefatsa melemo ea li-supplements tsena. Ntle le moo, ha ho hlake hore na ho eketsa lijo tsa hau tse nang le vithamine-B tse ngata ho ka ba le litlamorao tse tšoanang.
Kakaretso Motsoako oa livithamini B6, B9 le B12 o ka thusa ho fokotsa menyetla ea ho nts'etsapele AMD ka ho theola maemo a hau a homocysteine.5. Riboflavin
Vithamine e 'ngoe ea B e ithutoang mabapi le bophelo bo botle ba mahlo ke riboflavin (vithamine B2). Joaloka antioxidant, riboflavin e na le monyetla oa ho fokotsa khatello ea maikutlo 'meleng oa hau, ho kenyeletsoa le mahlo a hau.
Ka ho khetheha, bo-rasaense ba ntse ba ithuta ka bokhoni ba riboflavin ba ho thibela lera la mahlo, kaha khaello ea nako e telele ea riboflavin e ka lebisa boemong bona. Ho khahlisang ke hore batho ba bangata ba nang le lera la leihlo ba haelloa ke antioxidant ena (19,).
Phuputso e 'ngoe e fumane 31-51% e fokotse kotsi ea nts'etsopele ea leihlo ha lijo tsa bankakarolo li kenyelletsa 1.6-2.2 mg ea riboflavin ka letsatsi, ha e bapisoa le .08 mg ka letsatsi ().
Batsamaisi ba tsa bophelo bo botle ba khothaletsa ho ja 1.1-1.3 mg ea riboflavin ka letsatsi. Hangata ho bonolo ho fihlela palo ena, kaha lijo tse ngata li na le riboflavin e ngata. Mehlala e meng e kenyelletsa habore, lebese, yogurt, nama ea khomo le lijo-thollo tse matlafalitsoeng (19).
Kakaretso Joaloka antioxidant, riboflavin e ka itšireletsa khahlanong le likotsi tse mpe tsa mahala mahlong a hau. Lijo tse nang le riboflavin li 'nile tsa amahanngoa le kotsi e fokotsehileng ea ho ba le lera la mahlo.6. Niacin
Mosebetsi o ka sehloohong oa niacin (vithamine B3) 'meleng oa hau ke ho thusa ho fetola lijo hore e be matla. E ka sebetsa hape joalo ka antioxidant (22).
Haufinyane, liphuputso li bontšitse hore niacin e ka bapala karolo ea ho thibela glaucoma, boemo boo methapo ea mahlo ea leihlo la hao e senyehang (23).
Mohlala, phuputso e shebiloeng mabapi le ts'ebeliso ea limatlafatsi tsa batho ba baholo ba Korea le kotsi ea bona ea glaucoma e fumane kamano lipakeng tsa ho ja li-niacin tse tlase le boemo bona ().
Ntle le moo, phuputso ea liphoofolo e bontšitse hore tekanyetso e phahameng ea li-supplement ea niacin e ne e sebetsa ho thibela glaucoma ().
Ka kakaretso, lipatlisiso tse ling mabapi le kamano e ka bang teng lipakeng tsa niacin le glaucoma lia hlokahala.
Lisebelisoa tsa tlatsetso li lokela ho sebelisoa ka hloko. Ha e sebelisoa ka bongata bo boholo ba ligrama tse 1.5-5 ka letsatsi, niacin e ka hlahisa litlamorao tse mpe mahlong, ho kenyeletsoa pono e lerootho, tšenyo ea 'mele le ho ruruha ha cornea (,).
Leha ho le joalo, ha ho na bopaki ba hore ho ja lijo ka tlhaho tse nang le niacin ho na le litlamorao. Mehloli e meng ea lijo e kenyelletsa nama ea khomo, ea likhoho, ea tlhapi, ea li-mushroom, ea linate le ea linaoa.
Kakaretso Boithuto bo bontša hore niacin e ka thibela nts'etsopele ea glaucoma, empa litlatsetso li lokela ho sebelisoa ka hloko.7. Lutein le Zeaxanthin
Lutein le zeaxanthin ke karolo ea lelapa la carotenoid, sehlopha sa metsoako e metle e hlophisitsoeng ke limela.
Li-carotenoid ka bobeli li ka fumanoa ho macula le retina ea mahlo a hau, moo li thusang ho sefa khanya e ka bang kotsi e putsoa, ka hona ea sireletsa mahlo a hau ho senyeha ().
Liphuputso tse 'maloa li fana ka maikutlo a hore metsoako ena ea limela e ka thibela lera la mahlo le ho thibela kapa ho liehisa kholo ea AMD (,).
Phuputso e sa laoloang le e laoloang e fumane melemo ea lutein bakeng sa batho ba nang le lera la mahlo. Ho feta lilemo tse peli, ba nkileng litlatsetso tse nang le 15 mg ea lutein makhetlo a mararo ka beke ba bile le ntlafatso ea pono ().
Litlhahiso tsa letsatsi le letsatsi le litekanyetso tse tlatselletsang tsa tlatsetso ha li so thehoe bakeng sa metsoako ena. Leha ho le joalo, ho fihlela 20 mg ea lutein ka letsatsi bakeng sa likhoeli tsa 6 e sebelisitsoe liphuputsong ntle le litlamorao (32).
Leha ho le joalo, litlatsetso li kanna tsa se hlokahale. Ha e ka ba 6 mg ea lutein le zeaxanthin e ka hlahisa melemo, 'me phepo e nang le litholoana le meroho ka tlhaho e fana ka chelete ena. Sipinake se phehiloeng, meroho ea khale le ea collard li phahame haholo ho tsena carotenoids (32).
Kakaretso Lutein le zeaxanthin ke metsoako e metle ea limela e ka thusang ho thibela AMD le lera la mahlo. Ha ho lijo tse khothalletsoang letsatsi le leng le le leng tse seng li thehiloe, empa ho ja lijo tse nang le litholoana le meroho ho ka fana ka limatlafatsi tse ngata.8. Omega-3 Fatty Acids
Omega-3 fatty acids ke mofuta oa mafura a polyunsaturated. Lera la sele ea retina ea hau e na le methapo e phahameng ea DHA, mofuta o itseng oa omega-3 ().
Ntle le ho thusa ho theha lisele tsa leihlo la hau, mafura a omega-3 a na le thepa e khahlanong le ho ruruha e ka bang le karolo ho thibela lefu la tsoekere retinopathy (DR).
Tlhahlobo ea lithuto tse 31 e khothalelitse hore lijo tse nang le tlhapi e nang le oli e ngata - joalo ka lijo tsa setso tsa Mediterranean - li ka sireletsa khahlanong le DR. Le ha liphuputso tsena li hloka ho netefatsoa le lipatlisiso tse ling, li fana ka maikutlo a hore mafura a acid a ka ba le boikarabello ().
Mafura a Omega-3 a ka thusa batho ba nang le lefu la mahlo ka ho ba thusa ho hlahisa meokho e mengata. Ka boemo bona, ho hloka meokho ho baka ho omella, ho se phutholohe le pono e sa bonahaleng ea linako tse ling (,, 36).
Ho eketsa mafura a omega-3 lijong tsa hau, kenyelletsa mehloli e metle e kang litlhapi, linoko, peo ea chia, soya le linate. Omega-3s e ka boela ea fumanoa liofising tse phehang joalo ka canola le oli ea mohloaare.
Kakaretso Omega-3 fatty acids e na le thepa e khahlanong le ho ruruha mme e ka thusa ho thibela lefu la tsoekere retinopathy (DR) ha le kenyelelitsoe lijong tsa hau. Mafura ana a kanna a thusa ba nang le lefu la mahlo a omileng.9. Thiamine
Thiamine, kapa vithamine B1, e bapala karolo ea ts'ebetso e nepahetseng ea lisele le ho fetola lijo ho ba matla (37).
E kanna ea sebetsa hantle ho fokotsa kotsi ea lera la leihlo (,).
Phuputso e entsoeng ho batho ba 2 900 Australia e fana ka maikutlo a hore ho ja lijo tse nang le thiamine e ngata ho fokotsa menyetla ea ho ba le lera ka 40%. Phuputso ena e bonts'a hape hore protheine, vithamine A, niacin le riboflavin li ka sireletsa khahlanong le lera la mahlo ().
Ho feta moo, thiamine e hlahisitsoe e le kalafo e ka bang teng bakeng sa methati ea pele ea DR.
Phuputso ea bongaka e fumane hore 100 mg ea thiamine e nkuoang makhetlo a mararo ka letsatsi e fokotsa palo ea albin morotong - sesupo sa DR ea mofuta oa 2 lefu la tsoekere ().
Mehloli ea lijo tsa thiamine e kenyelletsa lithollo, nama le tlhapi. Ntle le moo, thiamine hangata e eketsoa lijong tse kang lijo-thollo tsa hoseng, bohobe le bijoux (37).
Kakaretso Lijo tse nang le thiamine e ngata li 'nile tsa amahanngoa le kotsi e fokotsehileng ea ho ba le lera la mahlo. Lisebelisoa li boetse li hlahisitsoe e le mokhoa oa ho alafa DR.Ntlha ea Bohlokoa
Patlisiso e fana ka maikutlo a hore livithamini le limatlafatsi tse ling li ka thusa ho thibela kapa ho liehisa kholo ea maemo a fapaneng a mahlo.
Lisebelisoa li ka ba molemo haeba u belaella hore u haelloa ke efe kapa efe ea livithamini tsena lijong tsa hau.
Leha ho le joalo, ho ja lijo tse leka-lekaneng tse nang le litholoana, meroho, lijo-thollo kaofela, liprotheine le mafura a phetseng hantle ho tla u fa limatlafatsi tsohle tseo mahlo a hao le 'mele oa hao o li hlokang bakeng sa bophelo bo botle.