Cytogenetics: ke eng, tlhahlobo e etsoa joang le hore na e etselitsoe eng

Litaba

• E etselitsoe eng
• E etsoa joang

Tlhatlhobo ea cytogenetics e ikemiselitse ho sekaseka li-chromosome, ka hona, ho khetholla liphetoho tsa chromosomal tse amanang le litšobotsi tsa motho tsa bongaka. Teko ena e ka etsoa ka nako efe kapa efe, leha e le nakong ea bokhachane ho lekola liphetoho tse ka bang teng liphatseng tsa ngoana.

Cytogenetics e lumella ngaka le mokuli ho ba le kakaretso ea genome, ho thusa ngaka ho etsa tlhahlobo le kalafo e tobileng, ha ho hlokahala. Tlhatlhobo ena ha e hloke boitokisetso bofe kapa bofe mme pokello ha e nke nako e telele ho etsoa, ​​leha ho le joalo sephetho se ka nka pakeng tsa matsatsi a 3 le 10 ho lokolloa ho latela laboratori.

E etselitsoe eng

Ho ka hlahlojoa cytogenetics ea motho ho ka batloa liphetoho tse ka bang teng tsa chromosomal, ho bana le ho batho ba baholo. Lebaka ke hobane e lekola chromosome, e leng sebopeho se entsoeng ka DNA le liprotheine tse ajoang ka lisele ka bobeli, e le lipara tse 23. Ho tsoa karyogram, e tsamaellanang le sekema sa mokhatlo oa chromosome ho latela litšobotsi tsa eona, tse lokolloang ka lebaka la tlhatlhobo, ho a khonahala ho tseba liphetoho tsa li-chromosome, joalo ka:

• Liphetoho tse ngata, tse khetholloang ka ho eketseha kapa ho fokotseha ha li-chromosome, joalo ka se etsahalang Down Down, moo ho netefatsoang ho ba teng ha li-chromosome tse tharo tsa 21, motho ea nang le li-chromosome tse 47 ka botlalo;
• Liphetoho tsa sebopeho, moo ho nang le phetoho, phapanyetsano kapa pheliso ea sebaka se itseng sa chromosome, joalo ka Cri-du-Chat syndrome, e khetholloang ka ho hlakoloa ha karolo ea chromosome 5.

Kahoo, ho ka kopuoa ho thusa ho sibolla mefuta e meng ea mofets'e, haholo-holo leukemias, le mafu a liphatsa tsa lefutso a khetholloang ke liphetoho tsa sebopeho kapa ka keketseho kapa ho fokotseha ha palo ea li-chromosome, joalo ka Down syndrome, Patau syndrome le Cri-du -Chat, e tsejoang ka hore ke meow syndrome kapa ho lla ha katse.

E etsoa joang

Teko hangata e etsoa motheong oa sampole ea mali. Tabeng ea tlhatlhobo ho basali ba bakhachane bao sepheo sa bona e leng ho lekola li-chromosome tsa lesea, amniotic fluid kapa le mali a manyane a bokelloa. Kamora ho bokella thepa ea bioloji le ho e romella laboratoring, lisele li tla ntlafatsoa e le hore li ngatafale ebe ho kenyelletsoa sesitisi sa karohano ea lisele, se etsang hore chromosome e le boemong bo khutsufalitsoeng le ho talingoa hantle.

Ho latela sepheo sa tlhatlhobo, ho ka sebelisoa mekhoa e fapaneng ea limolek'hule ho fumana leseli ka karyotype ea motho, e sebelisoang haholo ke:

• Lebanta G: ke mokhoa o sebelisoang haholo ho cytogenetics mme o na le ts'ebeliso ea dae, dae ea Giemsa, ho lumella pono ea li-chromosome. Mokhoa ona o sebetsa haholo ho lemoha liphetoho tsa lipalo, haholo-holo le tsa sebopeho sa chromosome, e le mokhoa o ka sehloohong oa limolek'hule o sebelisitsoeng ho cytogenetics bakeng sa tlhahlobo le netefatso ea Down syndrome, mohlala, e khetholloang ka ho ba teng ha chromosome e eketsehileng;
• Mokhoa oa FISH: ke mokhoa o ikhethileng le o hlokolosi haholoanyane, o sebelisoang haholo ho thusa ho sibolla kankere, kaha e lumella ho khetholla liphetoho tse nyane ho li-chromosome le ho hlophisoa bocha, ntle le ho supa liphetoho tsa lipalo tsa li-chromosome. Leha e sebetsa hantle, mokhoa oa FISH o theko e phahameng haholo, kaha o sebelisa methapo ea DNA e tšoailoeng ka fluorescence, e hlokang sesebelisoa ho hapa fluorescence le ho lumella pono ea li-chromosome. Ntle le moo, ho na le mekhoa e fumanehang haholoanyane ho biology ea limolek'hule e lumellang tlhahlobo ea mofets'e.

Kamora ho sebelisoa ha dae kapa li-probes tse ngotsoeng, li-chromosome li hlophisitsoe ho latela boholo, ka bobeli, para ea ho qetela e tsamaellanang le bong ba motho, ebe e bapisoa le karyogram e tloaelehileng, ka hona e lekola liphetoho tse ka bang teng.