Lithethefatsi tse sa sebetseng ke eng?

Litaba

• Ba sebetsa joang
• Mefuta ea lithethefatsi tse antifungal
• Azoles
• Lipalene
• Allylamines
• Li-Echinocandins
• Fapakaneng
• Mafu a fungal
• Matšoao a tšoaetso ea fungal
• Matšoao a tšoaetso e kholo ea fungal
• Nako ea ho bona ngaka
• Ntlha ea bohlokoa

Li-fungus li ka fumaneha lefats'eng ka bophara maemong ohle. Boholo ba li-fungus ha bo bake mafu ho batho. Leha ho le joalo, mefuta e meng e ka tšoaetsa batho mme ea baka mafu.

Lithethefatsi tse thibelang mafu ke meriana e sebelisetsoang ho alafa mafu a fungal. Le ha tšoaetso e ngata ea fungal e ama likarolo tse kang letlalo le manala, tse ling li ka lebisa maemong a tebileng le a ka bang kotsi bophelong joalo ka meningitis kapa pneumonia.

Ho na le mefuta e 'maloa ea lithethefatsi tse loantšang fungal tse fumanehang ho loants'a mafu a fungal.

Ba sebetsa joang

Ka kakaretso, lithethefatsi tse loantšang fungal li ka sebetsa ka litsela tse peli: ka ho bolaea lisele tsa fungal ka kotloloho kapa ka ho thibela lisele tsa fungal ho hola le ho hola. Empa ba etsa see joang?

Lithethefatsi tse thibelang mafu li lebisa mehahong kapa mesebetsing e hlokahalang liseleng tsa fungal empa eseng liseleng tsa motho, ka hona li ka loants'a tšoaetso ea fungal ntle le ho senya lisele tsa 'mele oa hau.

Meaho e 'meli e shebiloeng hangata ke lera la fungal cell le lebota la fungal cell. Meaho ena ka bobeli e lika-likelitse le ho sireletsa sele ea fungal. Ha e 'ngoe ea tsona e sekisetsa, sele ea fungal e ka phatloha ebe ea shoa.

Mefuta ea lithethefatsi tse antifungal

Lithethefatsi tse thibelang mafu li fapane haholo. Li ka fanoa ka molomo, joalo ka kalafo ea lihlooho, kapa ka IV. Hore na moriana o thibelang mafu o fuoa joang ho ipapisitse le lintlha tse kang moriana o itseng, mofuta oa tšoaetso eo o nang le eona le ho tiea ha ts'oaetso ea hau.

Lithethefatsi tse thibelang likokoana-hloko li khetholloa ke lik'hemik'hale tsa tsona le hore na li sebetsa joang. Ka tlase, re tla tšohla mefuta e fapaneng ea lithethefatsi tse loantšang likokoana-hloko mme re fane ka mehlala ea mefuta ea tšoaetso eo ba e phekolang.

Azoles

Li -zozo ke tse ling tsa likokoana-hloko tse sebelisoang haholo. Li kena-kenana le enzyme e bohlokoa bakeng sa ho theha lera la fungal cell. Ka lebaka la sena, lera la sele le fetoha le sa tsitsang mme le ka lutla, qetellong la lebisa lefung la sele.

Ho na le lihlotšoana tse peli tsa li-antifungal tsa azole: imidazoles le triazoles.

Mehlala ea li-antifungal tsa imidazole le maemo ao ba a phekolang ke:

• Ketoconazole: tšoaetso ea letlalo le moriri, Candida tšoaetso ea letlalo le lera la mucous, blastomycosis, histoplasmosis
• Clotrimazole: tšoaetso ea letlalo le mucous
• Miconazole: tšoaetso ea letlalo le mucous

Mehlala e meng ea li-triazoles le maemo ao ba a phekolang ke:

• Fluconazole:Candida tšoaetso, ho kenyelletsa le mucosal, systemic le tšoaetso e hlaselang; cryptococcosis
• Itraconazole: aspergillosis, blastomycosis, histoplasmosis, mucosal Candida tšoaetso, coccidioidomycosis (off-label), le onychomycosis
• Posaconazole: aspergillosis (off-label bakeng sa kalafo), mucosal le e hlaselang Candida tšoaetso
• Voriconazole: aspergillosis, mucosal kapa e hlaselang Candida tšoaetso, tšoaetso ka Fusarium mefuta
• Isavuconazole: aspergillosis le mucormycosis

Lipalene

Li-polyenes li bolaea lisele tsa fungal ka ho etsa hore lebota la fungal cell le be mafura haholo, e leng se etsang hore sele ea fungal e tloaetse ho phatloha.

Mehlala e meng ea likokoana-hloko tsa polyene ke:

• Amphotericin B: ho na le mefuta e fapaneng ea ho phekola aspergillosis, blastomycosis, cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis (off-label), mucosal kapa invasive Candida tšoaetso, le coccidioidomycosis
• Nystatin:Candida tšoaetso ea letlalo le molomo

Allylamines

Joaloka li-antifungal tsa azole, li-allylamine li kena-kenana le enzyme e amehang ho thehoeng ha lera la fungal cell. Mohlala o mong oa allylamine ke terbinafine, e atisang ho sebelisoa ho alafa mafu a fungal a letlalo.

Li-Echinocandins

Echinocandins ke mofuta o mocha oa moriana o thibelang likokoana-hloko. Li thibela enzyme e amehang ho etsoa ha lebota la fungal cell.

Mehlala e meng ea li-echinocandin ke tsena:

• Anidulafungin: mucosal le e hlaselang Candida tšoaetso
• Caspofungin: mucosal le e hlaselang Candida tšoaetso, aspergillosis
• Micafungin: mucosal le e hlaselang Candida tšoaetso

Fapakaneng

Hape ho na le mefuta e meng ea litlhare tse thibelang mafu. Tsena li na le mekhoa e fapaneng le mefuta eo re buileng ka eona kaholimo.

Flucytosine ke sesebelisoa se thibelang fungal ho etsa li-acid tsa nucleic le liprotheine. Ka lebaka lena, sele ha e sa khona ho hola le ho hola. Flucytosine e ka sebelisoa ho phekola tšoaetso ea "systemic" ka Candida kapa Cryptococcus mefuta.

Griseofulvin e sebetsa ho thibela sele ea fungal ho arohana ho hlahisa lisele tse ngata. E ka sebelisoa ho phekola tšoaetso ea letlalo, moriri le manala.

Mafu a fungal

Hona le mefuta e mengata ea ts'oaetso ea fungal. U ka fumana tšoaetso ea fungal ka ho kopana le fungus kapa fungus spores tse teng tikolohong.

Mafu a mang a atileng haholo a fungal ke a letlalo, manala le mamina. Mehlala e kenyelletsa:

• 

  Matšoao a tšoaetso ea fungal

  Matšoao a mefuta e meng e tloaelehileng ea tšoaetso ea fungal a kenyeletsa:

  • Seboko sa 'mele: lekhopho le ka 'nang la hlohlona le bopehileng joaloka lesale' meleng oa hao, matsohong kapa maotong
  • Ringworm ea letlalo la hlooho: li-patches tse fumanehang kahara naha, li-pustulete kapa maballo a letlalo la hao a hlohlona 'me a kanna a ba bonolo' me a baka ho lahleheloa ke moriri
  • Leoto la moatlelete: letlalo le letlalo le botlaaseng ba maoto a hau
  • Jock hlohlona: lekhopho le khubelu le khubelu le hlahang sebakeng sa hau sa marina le liropeng tsa hau tse kahare
  • Nail fungus e: manala a soeufala, a robeha hampe le ho holofala
  • Tšoaetso ea tomoso ea bosali: ho hlohlona, ​​bofubelu le ho ruruha sebakeng sa botšehaling - ho tsoa ha botšehali bo bosoeu bo bosoeu le maikutlo a tukang ha u ntša metsi le tsona li ka hlaha
  • Molomo thrush: nts'etsopele ea liso tse tšoeu molomong oa hau tse kanna tsa ba tse khubelu ebile li bohloko

  Matšoao a tšoaetso e kholo ea fungal

  Matšoao a mafu a mang a tebileng a fungal a ka fapana ho latela hore na ke mefuta efe ea li-fungus e bakang ts'oaetso le sebaka sa 'mele oa hau se amehileng.

  Li ka kenyelletsa lintho tse kang:

  • feberu
  • mofufutso bosiu
  • matšoao a kang a sefuba, a kang ho opeloa ke hlooho, mokhathala, bohloko ba 'mele le bohloko
  • matshwao a ho hema a kang ho kgohlela le ho hema hanyane
  • matšoao a meningitis, joalo ka hlooho e bohloko, molala o thata, le kutloisiso e bobebe

  Nako ea ho bona ngaka

  Etsa kopano le ngaka ea hau haeba:

  • Li-antifungals tsa li-over-the-counter (OTC) ha li e-so sebetse ho theola matšoao a tšoaetso joalo ka seboko, fungus ea lenala kapa tšoaetso ea tomoso ea bosaling
  • lisosa tse tšoeu tse sa hlalosoang li hlaha molomong oa hau
  • u na le feberu, matšoao a kang a ntaramane, kapa lekhopho le ntseng le mpefala le / kapa u belaella tšoaetso ea fungal

  Ho na le matšoao a mang ao u lokelang ho lula u batla bongaka kapele ho ona

  Tsena li kenyelletsa:

  • bohloko ba sefuba
  • ho hema ka thata
  • ho kgohlela madi
  • matšoao a meningitis, joalo ka hlooho e bohloko, molala o thata, le kutloisiso e bobebe
  • tahlehelo ea boima ba 'mele e sa hlalosoang, feberu kapa ho bata

  Ntlha ea bohlokoa

  Lithethefatsi tse thibelang mafu li sebelisoa ho alafa mafu a fungal. Li shebile lits'ebetso le likarolo tse ikhethileng tsa li-fungus molemong oa ho bolaea lisele tsa fungal kapa ho li thibela ho hola.

  Hona le mefuta e mengata ea lithethefatsi tse loantšang fungal, 'me li ka fanoa ka litsela tse fapaneng. Mofuta oa sethethefatsi se sebelisoang le tsela eo se sebelisoang ka eona se ka itšetleha ka sethethefatsi le mofuta le ho tiea ha ts'oaetso.

  Le hoja mefuta e mengata ea tšoaetso ea fungal e phekoloa habonolo, e meng e ka ba e tebileng. Bona ngaka ea hau haeba tšoaetso ea fungal e sa fele kalafo ea OTC kapa haeba u belaela hore u na le ts'oaetso e tebileng ea fungal.