Lefu la Myelodysplastic

Myelodysplastic syndrome ke sehlopha sa mathata ha lisele tsa mali tse hlahisitsoeng mokong oa masapo li sa hōle ho ba lisele tse phetseng hantle. Sena se u siea le lisele tse fokolang tsa mali 'meleng oa hau. Lisele tsa mali tse seng li holile li kanna tsa se sebetse hantle.

Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) ke mofuta oa mofets'e. Hoo e ka bang karolo ea boraro ea batho, MDS e ka fetoha leukemia e matla ea myeloid.

Lisele tse bakoang ke moko oa masapo li theha mefuta e fapaneng ea lisele tsa mali. Ka MDS, DNA e liseleng tsa bakoang e senyeha. Hobane DNA e senyehile, lisele tsa bakoang ha li khone ho hlahisa lisele tse phetseng hantle tsa mali.

Ha ho tsejoe hore na hantle-ntle sesosa sa MDS ke eng. Maemong a mangata, ha ho na sesosa se tsebahalang.

Lisosa tse kotsi tsa MDS li kenyelletsa:

• Mathata a mang a liphatsa tsa lefutso
• Ho ipapisa le lik'hemik'hale tsa tikoloho kapa tsa indasteri, manyolo, chefo e bolaeang likokonyana, solvents kapa tšepe tse boima
• Ho tsuba

Kalafo ea pele ea mofetše e eketsa kotsi bakeng sa MDS. Sena se bitsoa MDS ea bobeli kapa e amanang le kalafo.

• Lithethefatsi tse ling tsa chemotherapy li eketsa menyetla ea ho ba le MDS. Ena ke lebaka le leholo la kotsi.
• Phekolo ea radiation, ha e sebelisoa ka chemotherapy, e eketsa kotsi ea MDS le ho feta.
• Batho ba nang le li-cell cell tsa stem ba ka ba le MDS hobane le bona ba fumana tekanyetso e phahameng ea chemotherapy.

MDS hangata e hlaha ho batho ba baholo ba lilemo li 60 le ho feta. E tloaelehile haholo ho banna.

Mothati oa MDS hangata ha o na matšoao. MDS e fumanoa khafetsa nakong ea liteko tse ling tsa mali.

Batho ba nang le lipalo tse tlase haholo tsa mali hangata ba ba le matšoao. Matšoao a ipapisitse le mofuta oa lisele tsa mali tse amehileng, 'me li kenyelletsa:

• Bofokodi kapa mokgathala ka baka la phokolo ya madi
• Phefumoloho e khutšoanyane
• Ho loma habonolo le ho tsoa mali
• Matheba a manyane a mafubelu kapa a pherese tlasa letlalo a bakoang ke ho tsoa mali
• Ho tšoaetsoa khafetsa le feberu

Batho ba nang le MDS ba na le khaello ea lisele tsa mali. MDS e ka fokotsa palo ea e le 'ngoe kapa tse' maloa ho tsena:

• Lisele tse khubelu tsa mali
• Lisele tse tšoeu tsa mali
• Liplatelete

Libopeho tsa lisele tsena le tsona li ka fetoloa. Mofani oa hao oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo o tla etsa palo e felletseng ea mali le smear ea mali ho fumana hore na ke lisele tsa mali tse amehileng.

Liteko tse ling tse ka etsoang ke:

• Takatso ea moko oa masapo le biopsy.
• Cytochemistry, flow cytometry, immunocytochemistry, le liteko tsa immunophenotyping li sebelisetsoa ho khetholla le ho hlopha mefuta e itseng ea MDS.
• Cytogenetics le fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) li sebelisetsoa tlhahlobo ea liphatsa tsa lefutso. Liteko tsa cytogenetic li ka lemoha phetoho le tse ling tse sa tloaelehang tsa lefutso. FISH e sebelisetsoa ho khetholla liphetoho tse itseng kahare ho li-chromosome. Liphetoho tsa lefutso li ka thusa ho tseba karabelo kalafong.

Tse ling tsa liteko tsena li tla thusa mofani oa hau ho tseba hore na u na le MDS ea mofuta ofe. Sena se tla thusa mofani oa hau ho rera kalafo ea hau.

Mofani oa hau a ka hlalosa MDS ea hau e le kotsi e kholo, e mahareng kapa e le tlase ka lebaka la:

• Boima ba khaello ea lisele tsa mali 'meleng oa hau
• Mefuta ea liphetoho ho DNA ea hau
• Palo ea lisele tse tšoeu tse sa butsoang tsa mongo oa masapo

Kaha ho na le kotsi ea hore MDS e fetohe AML, ho ka 'na ha hlokahala hore motho a u latele le mofani oa hau khafetsa.

Kalafo ea hau e tla itšetleha ka lintlha tse 'maloa:

• Hore na o kotsing e tlase kapa o kotsing e kholo
• Mofuta oa MDS oo u nang le oona
• Lilemo tsa hau, bophelo bo botle le maemo a mang ao u ka bang le ona, joalo ka lefu la tsoekere kapa lefu la pelo

Morero oa kalafo ea MDS ke ho thibela mathata ka lebaka la khaello ea lisele tsa mali, tšoaetso le ho tsoa mali. E kanna ea ba le:

• Tšelo ea mali
• Lithethefatsi tse khothalletsang tlhahiso ea lisele tsa mali
• Lithethefatsi tse hatellang sesole sa 'mele
• Chemotherapy e nang le lethal dose e tlase ho ntlafatsa palo ea lisele tsa mali
• Ho kenyelletsa sethala sa stem

Mofani oa hau a ka leka kalafo e le 'ngoe kapa ho feta ho bona hore na MDS ea hau e arabela joang.

Ponahalo e tla ipapisa le mofuta oa hau oa MDS le ho tiea ha matšoao. Bophelo ba hau ka kakaretso le bona bo ka ama menyetla ea hau ea ho fola. Batho ba bangata ba na le MDS e tsitsitseng e sa tsoeleng pele ho ba mofetše ka lilemo, haeba ho joalo.

Batho ba bang ba nang le MDS ba ka ba le leukemia e matla ea myeloid (AML).

Mathata a MDS a kenyelletsa:

• Ho tsoa mali
• Matšoao a kang pneumonia, tšoaetso ea meno, mafu a ho ntša metsi
• Lefuemia le bohloko la myeloid

Ikopanye le mofani oa hau haeba u:

• Ikutloe u fokola 'me u khathetse boholo ba nako
• Ho ruruha kapa ho tsoa mali habonolo, ho tsoa mali marenene kapa ho tsoa mali hangata
• U hlokomela matheba a khubelu kapa a pherese a tsoang mali ka tlasa letlalo

Bolotsana ba Myeloid; Lefu la Myelodysplastic; MDS; Preleukemia; Ho tsuba leukemia; Refractory khaello ea mali; Cytopenia ea boqhekanyetsi

• Takatso ea moko oa masapo

Hasserjian RP, Hlooho DR. Li-syndromes tsa Myelodysplastic. Ka: Jaffe ES, Arber DA, Campo E, Harris NL, Quintanilla-Martinez L, eds. Hematopathology. Lekhetlo la bobeli. Philadelphia PA: Elsevier; 2017: khaolo ea 45.

Webosaete ea National Cancer Institute. Phekolo ea Myelodysplastic / myeloproliferative neoplasms (PDQ) - mofuta oa litsebi tsa bophelo bo botle. www.cancer.gov/types/myeloproliferative/hp/mds-mpd-tlhare-pdq. E ntlafalitsoe ka la 1 Hlakola 2019. E fihlile ka la 17 Tšitoe 2019.

Steensma DP, Lejoe RM. Li-syndromes tsa Myelodysplastic. Ka: Goldman L, Schafer AI, li-eds. Phekolo ea Goldman-Cecil. La 26th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: khaolo ea 172.