Ho hlahlojoa ka bophelo bo botle ho basali ba lilemo li 65 le ho feta

U lokela ho etela mofani oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo nako le nako, leha o phetse hantle. Morero oa maeto ana ke ho:

• Screen bakeng sa litaba tsa bongaka
• Lekola kotsi ea hau ea mathata a bongaka a kamoso
• Khothaletsa mokhoa oa bophelo o phetseng hantle
• Nchafatsa liente
• Ho u thusa ho tseba mofani oa hau haeba ho ka etsahala hore u kule

Le ha o ikutloa o phetse hantle, o ntse o lokela ho bona mofani oa hau bakeng sa ho hlahlojoa khafetsa. Liketelo tsena li ka u thusa ho qoba mathata nakong e tlang. Mohlala, tsela feela ea ho tseba hore na o na le khatello e phahameng ea mali ke ho e hlahloba khafetsa. Tsoekere e phahameng ea mali le maemo a phahameng a k'holeseterole le tsona li kanna tsa se be le matšoao matsatsing a pele. Teko e bonolo ea mali e ka hlahloba maemo ana.

Ho na le linako tse ikhethang tseo u lokelang ho bona mofani oa hau oa litšebeletso. Ka tlase ke litataiso tsa ho lekola basali ba lilemo li 65 le ho feta.

LITLHAKISO TSA MALI

• Etsa hore khatello ea mali ea hao e hlahlojoe bonyane hanngoe ka selemo. Haeba nomoro e holimo (systolic number) e lipakeng tsa 120 le 139 kapa palo e tlase (diastolic number) e lipakeng tsa 80 le 89 mm Hg kapa ho feta, e ke e hlahlojoe selemo se seng le se seng.
• Haeba nomoro e holimo e le 130 kapa ho feta kapa ea tlase e le 80 kapa ho feta, hlophisa kopano le mofani oa hau ho ithuta hore na u ka fokotsa khatello ea mali joang.
• Haeba u na le lefu la tsoekere, lefu la pelo, mathata a liphio, kapa maemo a mang, ho ka hlokahala hore u hlahlojoe khatello ea mali khafetsa, empa bonyane hang ka selemo.
• Sheba tlhahlobo ea khatello ea mali sebakeng sa heno. Botsa mofani oa hau hore na u ka emisa ho hlahloba khatello ea mali ea hau.

LITLHAKU TSA KANTS'A SEBELE

• Basali ba ka itlhahloba letswele khoeli le khoeli. Leha ho le joalo, litsebi ha li lumellane ka melemo ea ho itlhahloba matsoele ho fumana mofetše oa matsoele kapa ho boloka bophelo. Bua le mofani oa hau ka se u loketseng.
• Mofani oa hau a ka etsa tlhahlobo ea sefuba nakong ea tlhahlobo ea hau ea thibelo. Litsebi ha li lumellane ka molemo oa tlhahlobo ea matsoele.
• Basali ba ka bang lilemo li 75 ba lokela ho ba le mammogram selemo se seng le se seng ho isa ho se 2, ho latela maemo a bona a kotsi, ho hlahloba mofetše oa matsoele.
• Litsebi ha li lumellane ka melemo ea ho ba le mammogram bakeng sa basali ba lilemo li 75 le ho feta. Ba bang ha ba khothaletse ho ba le mammograms kamora lilemo tsena. Ba bang ba khothaletsa mammography bakeng sa basali ba phetseng hantle. Bua le mofani oa hau ka se u loketseng.

LITLHAKU TSA K'HEREKERE EA CERVICAL

• Kamora lilemo tse 65, basali ba bangata ba so fumanoeng ba na le mofetše oa popelo kapa precancer ba ka khaotsa ho etsa Pap smears ha feela ba bile le liteko tse tharo tse mpe nakong ea lilemo tse 10 tse fetileng.

HO SIRELETSA CHOLESTEROL LE HO Thibela Mafu a Pelo

• Haeba boemo ba hau ba k'holeseterole bo tloaelehile, e hlahlojoe bonyane lilemo tse ling le tse ling tse 5.
• Haeba u na le k'holeseterole e phahameng, lefu la tsoekere, lefu la pelo, mathata a liphio, kapa maemo a mang, ho ka hlokahala hore u hlahlojoe khafetsa.

LITLHAKISO TSA KHANSA KOLORE

Ho fihlela lilemo tse 75, o lokela ho hlahlojoa kankere e tšoeu hangata. Haeba u le lilemo li 76 kapa ho feta, u lokela ho botsa ngaka hore na u lokela ho hlahlojoa. Liteko tse 'maloa lia fumaneha bakeng sa ho hlahlojoa ha mofetše o hlakileng:

• Teko ea boloi ea mali a boloi (setuloana) selemo se seng le se seng
• Teko ea mafura ea immunochemical (FIT) selemo se seng le se seng
• Teko ea DNA ea setulo lilemo tse ling le tse ling tse tharo
• Sigmoidoscopy e tenyetsehang lilemo tse ling le tse ling tse 5
• Bema enema ea barium habeli lilemo tse ling le tse ling tse 5
• CT colonography (virtual colonoscopy) lilemo tse ling le tse ling tse 5
• Colonoscopy lilemo tse ling le tse ling tse 10

U kanna ua hloka colonoscopy khafetsa haeba u na le lisosa tsa kotsi tsa mofetše oa colon, ho kenyelletsa:

• Ho ruruha ha lefu la ulcerative
• Pale ea motho ka mong kapa ea lelapa ea mofets'e o sa tloaelehang
• Nalane ea kholo e bitsoang adenomatous polyps

TLHAHLO YA MENO

• E-ea ho ngaka ea meno hang kapa habeli selemo se seng le se seng bakeng sa tlhahlobo le tlhoekiso. Ngaka ea meno ea hau e tla hlahloba haeba u hloka ho eteloa khafetsa.

HO HLOKA LEFU LA SETSOANE

• Haeba u le lilemo li 65 kapa ho feta 'me u phetse hantle, u lokela ho hlahlojoa lefu la tsoekere lilemo tse ling le tse ling tse tharo.
• Haeba o nonne haholo mme o na le mabaka a mang a kotsi a lefu la tsoekere, botsa mofani oa hau hore na o lokela ho hlahlojoa khafetsa.

TEKO YA LEIHLO

• Etsa tlhahlobo ea mahlo lilemo tse 1 ho isa ho tse peli.
• Etsa tlhahlobo ea mahlo bonyane selemo se seng le se seng haeba u na le lefu la tsoekere.

Teko ea ho utloa

• Etsa hore litsebe tsa hau li hlahlojoe haeba u na le matšoao a ho se utloe litsebeng.

LIEKETSO LIPOLELO

• Haeba u ka holimo ho lilemo tse 65, fumana liente tsa pneumococcal.
• Fumana mafu a feberu selemo se seng le se seng.
• Fumana bo-tetanus-diphtheria booster lilemo tse ling le tse ling tse 10.
• U ka fumana ente ea shingles kapa herpes zoster ha u le lilemo li 50 kapa ho feta.

HO HLOKAHALA MAFU

• US Preventive Services Task Force e khothaletsa ho hlahlojoa ha lefu la sebete la mofuta oa C. Ho latela mokhoa oa hau oa bophelo le nalane ea bongaka, ho ka hlokahala hore u hlahlojoe mafu a kang syphilis, chlamydia, le HIV, le mafu a mang.
  

LEKHOTLA LEKHOLA LEKHOTLA

U lokela ho ba le tlhahlobo ea selemo le selemo bakeng sa mofetše oa matšoafo o nang le tekanyetso e tlase ea computed tomography (LDCT) haeba:

• U lilemo tse fetang 55 LE
  
• U na le nalane ea lilemo tse 30 tsa ho tsuba le
  
• Ha joale u ntse u tsuba kapa u tlohetse nakong ea lilemo tse 15 tse fetileng
  

HO HLAHLOBELA LEFUPA

• Basali bohle ba ka holimo ho lilemo tse 64 ba lokela ho ba le tlhahlobo ea masapo a masapo (DEXA scan).
  
• Botsa mofani oa hau hore na ke boikoetliso bofe kapa mehato e meng e ka thusang ho thibela lefu la masapo.
  

TLHALOSO YA NAMA

• Etsa tlhahlobo ea 'mele selemo le selemo.
• Ka tlhahlobo e 'ngoe le e' ngoe, mofani oa hau o tla lekola bolelele ba hau, boima ba 'mele le boima ba' mele (BMI).
• Liteko tsa tloaelo tsa tlhahlobo ea mafu ha li khothalletsoe ntle le haeba mofani oa hau a fumana bothata.

Nakong ea tlhahlobo, mofani oa hau o tla botsa lipotso mabapi le:

• Meriana ea hau le kotsi ea likamano
• Tšebeliso ea joala le koae
• Lijo le boikoetliso
• Polokeho, joalo ka ts'ebeliso ea lebanta la setulo
• Hore na o kile oa oa
  
• Ho tepella maikutlo

SEHLOOHO TEKO

• Mofani oa hau a ka hlahloba letlalo la hau bakeng sa matšoao a mofets'e oa letlalo, haholo haeba o le kotsing e kholo.
• Batho ba kotsing e kholo ba kenyelletsa ba kileng ba tšoaroa ke mofetše oa letlalo pele, ba na le beng ka bona ba haufi ba nang le mofetše oa letlalo kapa ba nang le boits'ireletso ba mmele bo fokolang.

Ketelo ea tlhokomelo ea bophelo bo botle - basali - ba fetang lilemo tse 65; Tlhahlobo ea 'mele - basali ba ka holimo ho lilemo tse 65; Tlhahlobo ea selemo le selemo - basali - ba fetang lilemo tse 65; Ho hlahlojoa - basali - ba fetang lilemo tse 65; Bophelo ba basali - ba fetang lilemo tse 65; Teko ea thibelo ea thibelo - basali - ba fetang lilemo tse 65

• Teko ea mali a boloi ba boloi
• Liphello tsa botsofali khatello ea mali
• Lefu la ho fokola ha masapo

Komiti ea Boeletsi ea Mekhoa ea Thibelo. Lenaneo le khothalletsoang la ente bakeng sa batho ba baholo ba lilemo li 19 kapa ho feta, United States, 2020. www.cdc.gov/vaccines/schedules/index.html. E ntlafalitsoe ka la 3 Hlakola 2020. E fihlile ka la 18 Mmesa, 2020.

Webosaete ea American Academy of Ophthalmology. Polelo ea leano: makhetlo a liteko tsa mahlo - 2015. www.aao.org/clinical-statement/frequency-of-ocular-examinations. E ntlafalitsoe ka Hlakubele 2015. E fihlile ka la 18 Mmesa, 2020.

Webosaete ea American Cancer Society. Kankere ea matsoele e fumanoa kapele le ho hlahlojoa: Litlhahiso tsa Mokhatlo oa American Cancer bakeng sa ho lemoha kankere ea matsoele kapele. www.cancer.org/cancer/breast-cancer/creening-tests-and-early-detection/american-cancer-society-recommendations-for-the-early-detection-of-breast-cancer.html. E ntlafalitsoe ka la 5 Hlakubele 2020. E fihlile ka la 18 Mmesa, 2020.

American College of Obstetricians le Gynecologists (ACOG) webosaete. FAQ178: Mammography le liteko tse ling tsa tlhahlobo ea mathata a matsoele. www.acog.org/patient-resource/faqs/gynecologic-problems/mammography-and-other-screening-liteko- tsa- mathata a matsoele-. E ntlafalitsoe ka Loetse 2017. E fihlile ka la 18 Mmesa, 2020.

Koleji ea Amerika ea Litsebi tsa Litsebi le Lingaka tsa Gynecologists. FAQ163: Kankere ea popelo. www.acog.org/patient-resource/faqs/gynecologic-problems/cervical-cancer. E ntlafalitsoe ka December 2018. E fihlile ka la 18 Mmesa, 2020.

Webosaete ea American Dental Association. Lipotso tsa hau tse 9 tse holimo mabapi le ho ea ngakeng ea meno li arabiloe. www.mouthhealthy.org/en/dental-care-concerns/questions-about-going-to-the-dentist. E fihlile ka la 18 Mmesa, 2020.

Mokhatlo oa Amerika oa lefu la tsoekere. 2. Kemiso le tlhahlobo ea lefu la tsoekere: litekanyetso tsa kalafo ea lefu la tsoekere - 2020. Tlhokomelo ea lefu la tsoekere. 2020; 43 (Tlatsetso ea 1): S14-S31. PMID: 31862745 phatlalalitsoe.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31862745/.

Atkins D, Barton M. Tlhahlobo ea bophelo bo botle nako le nako. Ka: Goldman L, Schafer AI, li-eds. Phekolo ea Goldman-Cecil. La 26th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: khaolo ea 12.

Brown HL, Warner JJ, Gianos E, le al; American Heart Association le American College of Obstetricians le Gynecologists. Ho khothaletsa ho tseba kotsi le ho fokotsa mafu a pelo le methapo ho basali ka ho sebelisana le lingaka tsa pelehi le lingaka tsa mafu a basali: boeletsi ba mopresidente ho tsoa ho American Heart Association le American College of Obstetricians le Gynecologists. Tsamaiso. 2018; 137 (24): e843-e852. PMID: 29748185 e fetotsoe.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29748185/.

Grundy SM, Lejoe NJ, Bailey AL, et al. 2018 AHA / ACC / AACVPR / AAPA / ABC / ACPM / ADA / AGS / APhA / ASPC / NLA / PCNA Tataiso mabapi le taolo ea k'holeseterole ea mali: tlaleho ea American College of Cardiology / American Heart Association Task Force mabapi le Litataiso tsa Tloaelo ea Bongaka [khalemelo e phatlalalitsoeng e hlaha ho J Am Coll Cardiol. Selemong sa 2019 Jun 25; 73 (24): 3237-3241]. J Ke Coll Cardiol. 2019; 73 (24): e285-e350. PMID: 30423393 e fetotsoe.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30423393/.

Meschia JF, Bushnell C, Boden-Albala B; Lekhotla la Stroke la American Heart Association; et al. Litaelo tsa thibelo ea mantlha ea stroke: polelo bakeng sa litsebi tsa tlhokomelo ea bophelo bo botle ho tsoa ho American Heart Association / American Stroke Association. Leqeba. 2014; 45 (12): 3754-3832. PMID: 25355838 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25355838/.

Moyer VA; Sesole sa Ts'ireletso sa US. Ho hlahloba kankere ea matšoafo: Polelo ea khothaletso ea Sesole sa Ts'ireletso ea US. Ann Intern Med. 2014; 160 (5): 330-338. PMID: 24378917 phatlalatsoa.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24378917/.

Tonakholo ea Ridker, Libby P, Buring JE. Matšoao a kotsi le thibelo ea mantlha ea lefu la pelo. Ka: Zipes DP, Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Tomaselli GF, Braunwald E, eds. Lefu la pelo la Braunwald: Buka ea bongaka ea meriana ea pelo. 11th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: khaolo ea 45.

Siu AL; Sesole sa Ts'ireletso sa US. Ho hlahloba kankere ea matsoele: Polelo ea khothaletso ea Sesole sa Ts'ireletso ea US [tokiso e phatlalalitsoeng e hlaha ho Ann Intern Med. 2016 Mar 15; 164 (6): 448]. Ann Intern Med. 2016; 164 (4): 279-296. PMID: 26757170 e fetotsoe.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26757170/.

Siu AL; Sesole sa Ts'ireletso sa US. Ho hlahloba khatello ea mali e phahameng ho batho ba baholo: Polelo ea khothaletso ea Sesole sa Ts'ireletso ea US. Ann Intern Med. 2015; 163 (10): 778-786. PMID: 26458123 e fetotsoe.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26458123/.

Smith RA, Andrews KS, Brooks D, le al. Ho lekola kankere United States, 2019: tlhahlobo ea litataiso tsa hajoale tsa Mokhatlo oa Kankere oa Amerika le litaba tsa hajoale mabapi le tlhahlobo ea mofets'e. CA Kankere J Clin. 2019; 69 (3): 184-210. PMID: 30875085 e fetotsoe.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30875085/.

Studenski S, Van Swearingen J. Falls. Ka: Tlatsa HM, Rockwood K, Young J, eds. Brocklehurst’s Textbook of Geriatric Medicine le Gerontology. La 8th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017: khaolo ea 103.

Sesole sa Ts'ireletso sa US, Bibbins-Domingo K, Grossman DC, Curry SJ, et al. Ho hlahloba kankere ea letlalo: Polelo ea khothaletso ea Sesole sa Ts'ireletso ea US. JAMA. 2016; 316 (4): 429-435. PMID: 27458948 phatlalatsoa.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27458948/.

Sesole sa Ts'ireletso sa US, Curry SJ, Krist AH, et al. Ho hlahloba lefu la ho fokola ha masapo ho thibela ho robeha: Polelo ea khothaletso ea Sesole sa Ts'ireletso ea US. JAMA. 2018; 319 (24): 2521-2531. PMID: 29946735 e fetotsoe.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29946735/.

Webosaete ea Sesole sa Ts'ireletso ea US. Polelo ea khothaletso ea hoqetela. Ho hlahlojoa kankere ea popelo. www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/cervical-cancer-screening. E hatisitsoe ka la 21 August, 2018. E fihlile ka la 18 Mmesa, 2020.

Webosaete ea Sesole sa Ts'ireletso ea US. Polelo ea khothaletso ea hoqetela. Ho hlahlojoa kankere e hlakileng. www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/colorectal-cancer-screening. E phatlalalitsoe ka la 15 Phuptjane, 2016. E fihlile ka la 18 Mmesa, 2020.

Webosaete ea Sesole sa Ts'ireletso ea US. Tšoaetso ea kokoana-hloko ea Hepatitis C ho bacha le ho batho ba baholo: ho hlahloba. www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/hepatitis-c-screening. E phatlalalitsoe ka la 2 Hlakubele 2020. E fihlile ka la 18 Mmesa, 2020.

Whelton PK, Carey RM, Aronow WS, le al. 2017 ACC / AHA / AAPA / ABC / ACPM / AGS / APhA / ASH / ASPC / NMA / PCNA Tataiso ea thibelo, tlhahlobo, tlhahlobo le taolo ea khatello e phahameng ea mali ho batho ba baholo: tlaleho ea American College of Cardiology / American Basebetsi ba Heart Association mabapi le Tataiso ea Tloaelo ea Bongaka [tokiso e phatlalalitsoeng e hlaha ho J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018 Mots'eanong 15; 71 (19): 2275-2279]. J Ke Coll Cardiol. 2018; 71 (19): e127-e248. PMID: 29146535 phatlalalitsoe.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29146535/.