Lefu le matla la ho hema (SARS)

Lefu le matla la ho hema (SARS) ke mofuta o matla oa pneumonia. Ho tšoaetsoa ke vaerase ea SARS ho baka khatello e matla ea phefumoloho (ho hema ka thata), 'me ka linako tse ling lefu.

Sengoloa sena se bua ka ho qhoma ha SARS ho etsahetseng ka 2003. Ho fumana leseli mabapi le ho qhoma ha coronavirus ea 2019, ka kopo bona Setsi sa Taolo le Thibelo ea Mafu (CDC).

SARS e bakwa ke vaerase e amanang le SARS (SARS-CoV). Ke e 'ngoe ea lelapa la li-virus tsa coronavirus (lelapa le le leng le ka bakang sefuba). Seoa sa SARS se qalile ka 2003 ha vaerase e namela ho tloha liphoofolong tse nyane ho ea ho batho ba Chaena. Ho qhoma hona ho ile ha fihla kapele lefatšeng, empa ho bile teng ka 2003. Ha ho linyeoe tse ncha tsa SARS tse tlalehiloeng ho tloha ka 2004.

Ha motho ea nang le SARS a khohlela kapa a thimola, marotholi a tšoaelitsoeng a fafatsa moeeng. O ka tshwara vaerase ya SARS haeba o hema kapa o ama dikarolwana tsena. Kokoana-hloko ea SARS e ka phela matsohong, liseleng le libakeng tse ling ho fihlela lihora tse 'maloa marotholing ana. Baerase e ka phela likhoeli kapa lilemo tse ngata ha mocheso o le ka tlase ho serame.

Le ha ho ata ha marotholi ka lebaka la kamano e haufi ho bakile boholo ba linyeoe tsa SARS tsa pele, SARS e kanna ea hasana ka matsoho le ka lintho tse ling tseo marotholi a li amileng. Phetiso ea sefofane ke monyetla oa nnete maemong a mang. Live virus e bile e fumanoe setulong sa batho ba nang le SARS, moo e bonts'itsoeng e phela matsatsi a mane.

Le li-coronaviruses tse ling, ho tšoaetsoa ebe o kula hape (reinfection) ho tloaelehile. Ho ka ba joalo le ka SARS.

Hangata matšoao a hlaha matsatsi a 2 ho isa ho a 10 kamora ho kopana le vaerase. Maemong a mang, SARS e qadile pejana kapa hamorao kamora ho kopana la pele. Batho ba nang le matšoao a mafolofolo a bokuli baa tšoaetsana. Empa ha ho tsejoe hore na motho a ka tšoaetsana halelele hakae kamora hore matšoao a hlahe.

Matšoao a mantlha ke:

• Khohlela
• Ho phefumoloha ho thata
• Feberu ea 100.4 ° F (38.0 ° C) kapa ho feta
• Matšoao a mang a phefumolohang

Matšoao a atileng haholo ke ana:

• Ho hatsela le ho tsitsinyeha
• Khohlela, hangata e qala matsatsi a 2 ho isa ho a 7 kamora matšoao a mang
• Ho opeloa ke hlooho
• Bohloko ba mesifa
• Ho kgathala

Matšoao a sa tloaelehang a kenyelletsa:

• Khohlela e hlahisang phlegm (sekhohlela)
• Letšollo
• Botsoa
• Ho nyekeloa le ho hlatsa

Ho batho ba bang, matšoao a matšoafo a mpefala bekeng ea bobeli ea bokuli, leha feberu e emisitse.

Mofani oa hao oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo a ka utloa melumo e sa tloaelehang ea matšoafo ha a ntse a mametse sefuba ka stethoscope. Ho batho ba bangata ba nang le SARS, sefuba sa x-ray kapa sefuba sa CT se bontša pneumonia, e tloaelehileng ho SARS.

Liteko tse sebelisitsoeng ho fumana hore na SARS e ka kenyelletsa:

• Liteko tsa mali tsa mali
• Liteko tsa ho koala mali
• Liteko tsa k'hemistri ea mali
• X-ray sefubeng kapa sefuba CT scan
• Palo e felletseng ea mali (CBC)

Liteko tse sebelisitsoeng ho khetholla kapele vaerase e bakang SARS li kenyelletsa:

• Liteko tsa antibody bakeng sa SARS
• Ho itšehla thajana ka kotloloho ha vaerase ea SARS
• Teko ea Rapid polymerase chain reaction (PCR) ea vaerase ea SARS

Liteko tsohle tsa hajoale li na le meeli. Ba kanna ba se ke ba tseba ho tseba nyeoe ea SARS habonolo bekeng ea pele ea bokuli, ha ho le bohlokoa haholo ho e tseba.

Batho bao ho nahanoang hore ba na le SARS ba lokela ho hlahlojoa hang-hang ke mofani oa thepa. Haeba ho belaelloa hore ba na le SARS, ba lokela ho bolokoa ba le bang sepetlele.

Kalafo e ka kenyelletsa:

• Lithibela-mafu ho phekola libaktheria tse bakang pneumonia (ho fihlela pneumonia ea baktheria e tlosoa kantle kapa haeba ho na le pneumonia ea baktheria ntle le SARS)
• Meriana ea likokoana-hloko (le hoja e sa tsejoe hantle hore na e sebetsa joang bakeng sa SARS)
• Tekanyetso e phahameng ea li-steroid ho fokotsa ho ruruha matšoafong (ha ho tsejoe hore na li sebetsa hantle hakae)
• Oxyjene, tšehetso ea ho hema (mechini e kenang moeeng), kapa kalafo ea sefuba

Maemong a mang a mahlonoko, karolo ea mokelikeli ea mali e tsoang ho batho ba seng ba folile ho SARS e fuoe e le kalafo.

Ha ho na bopaki bo matla ba hore litlhare tsena li sebetsa hantle. Ho na le bopaki ba hore moriana oa antiviral, ribavirin, ha o sebetse.

Ho qhoma ha 2003, sekhahla sa lefu ho tsoa SARS e ne e le 9% ho isa ho 12% ea ba fumanoeng. Ho batho ba fetang lilemo tse 65, sekhahla sa lefu se ne se phahametse 50%. Boloetse bo ne bo le bobebe ho bacha.

Ho batho ba baholo, batho ba bangata ba ile ba kula hoo ba hlokang thuso ea ho phefumoloha. Mme batho ba bangata le ho feta ba ile ba tlameha ho ea litsing tsa tlhokomelo ea bakuli ba kulang haholo.

Maano a bophelo bo botle ba sechaba a sebelitse hantle ho laoleng mafu. Lichaba tse ngata li emisitse seoa sena linaheng tsa habo tsona. Linaha tsohle li tlameha ho tsoelapele ho ba hlokolosi ho boloka lefu lena le le taolong. Li-virus tsa lelapa la coronavirus li tsebahala ka bokhoni ba tsona ba ho fetoha (mutate) molemong oa ho hasana har'a batho.

Mathata a ka kenyelletsa:

• Ho hloleha ho phefumoloha
• Ho hloleha ha sebete
• Ho hloleha ha pelo
• Mathata a liphio

Letsetsa mofani oa thepa ea hau haeba uena kapa motho eo u kileng oa ba le kamano e haufi le eena u na le SARS.

Hajoale, ha ho na phetiso e tsebahalang ea SARS kae kapa kae lefatšeng. Haeba ho qhoma ha SARS ho etsahala, ho fokotsa kamano ea hau le batho ba nang le SARS ho theola menyetla ea lefu lena. Qoba ho etela libakeng tseo ho nang le ho qhoma ho sa laoleheng ha SARS. Ha ho khonahala, qoba ho ikopanya ka kotloloho le batho ba nang le SARS ho fihlela bonyane matsatsi a 10 kamora hore feberu ea bona le matšoao a mang a fete.

• Bohloeki ba letsoho ke karolo ea bohlokoahali ea thibelo ea SARS. Hlatsoa matsoho kapa u li hlatsoe ka sesepa-hloko sa letsoho se nang le joala.
• Koahela molomo le nko ha u thimola kapa u khohlela. Marotholi a tsoang ha motho a thimola kapa a khohlela a tšoaetsana.
• U SE KE UA arolelana lijo, lino kapa lisebelisoa.
• Hloekisa libaka tse atisang ho angoa ka sebolaya-mafu se lumelloang ke EPA.

Limaske le likhalase li ka thusa ho thibela ho ata ha lefu lena. U kanna ua sebelisa liatlana ha u sebetsana le lintho tse ka 'nang tsa ama marotholi a nang le tšoaetso.

SARS; Ho hloleha ho phefumoloha - SARS; SARS coronavirus; SARS-CoV

• Matšoafo
• Tsamaiso ea phefumoloho

Litsi tsa Taolo le Thibelo ea Maloetse. Lefu le matla haholo la ho hema (SARS). www.cdc.gov/sars/index.html. E ntlafalitsoe ka la 6 Tšitoe 2017. E fihlile ka la 16 Hlakubele 2020.

Gerber SI, Watson JT. Di-coronavirus. Ka: Goldman L, Schafer AI, li-eds. Phekolo ea Goldman-Cecil. La 26th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: khaolo ea 342.

Perlman S, McIntosh K. Coronaviruses, ho kenyelletsa lefu le matla la ho hema (SARS) le lefu la ho hema la Middle East (MERS). Ka: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, bahlophisi. Mandell, Douglas, le Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. La 9th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: khaolo ea 155.