Bokooa ba puo ho batho ba baholo

Puo le bothata ba puo e ka ba efe kapa efe ea mathata a etsang hore ho be thata ho buisana.

Tse latelang ke mathata a tloaelehileng a puo le puo.

APHASIA

Aphasia ke tahlehelo ea bokhoni ba ho utloisisa kapa ho hlahisa puo e buuoang kapa e ngotsoeng. Hangata e etsahala kamora ho otloa ke setorouku kapa likotsi tse mpe tsa boko. E ka hlaha hape ho batho ba nang le lihlahala tsa boko kapa mafu a holofatsang a amang likarolo tsa puo tsa boko. Lereo lena ha le sebetse ho bana ba so kang ba ntlafatsa tsebo ea puisano. Hona le mefuta e fapaneng ea aphasia.

Maemong a mang a aphasia, bothata bo qetella bo itokisitse, empa ho ba bang, ha bo ntlafale.

DYSARTHRIA

Ka dysarthria, motho o na le mathata a ho hlahisa melumo kapa mantsoe a itseng. Ba na le puo e sa phatlalatsoang hantle (joalo ka slurring) mme morethetho kapa lebelo la puo lia fetoloa. Hangata, lefu la methapo kapa la boko le entse hore ho be thata ho laola leleme, molomo, larynx, kapa lithapo tsa lentsoe, tse etsang puo.

Dysarthria, e leng thata ho bitsa mantsoe, ka linako tse ling e ferekanngoa le aphasia, e leng bothata ho hlahisa puo. Li na le lisosa tse fapaneng.

Batho ba nang le dysarthria le bona ba ka ba le mathata a ho metsa.

LITLHAKISO TSA LITSOE

Ntho efe kapa efe e fetolang sebopeho sa lithapo tsa lentsoe kapa tsela eo li sebetsang ka eona e ka baka pherekano ea lentsoe. Likhohola tse kang hlama tse kang li-nodule, li-polyps, li-cysts, li-papilloma, li-granuloma le mofetše li ka ba molato. Liphetoho tsena li etsa hore lentsoe le utloahale le fapane le tsela eo le tloaetseng ho utloahala ka eona.

A mang a mathata ana a hola hanyane ka hanyane, empa mang kapa mang a ka holofala ho bua le ho bua ka tšohanyetso, hangata a le tsietsing.

APHASIA

• Lefu la Alzheimer
• Hlahala ea boko (e atileng haholo ho aphasia ho feta dysarthria)
• Dementia ea kelello
• Ho sithabela hlooho
• Leqeba
• Tlhaselo ea nakoana ea ischemic (TIA)

DYSARTHRIA

• Ho tahoa ke joala
• Dementia ea kelello
• Maloetse a amang methapo le mesifa (mafu a neuromuscular), joalo ka amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS kapa lefu la Lou Gehrig), cerebral palsy, myasthenia gravis kapa multiple sclerosis (MS)
• Ho sithabela maikutlo sefahlehong
• Bofokoli ba sefahleho, joalo ka ho holofala ha Bell kapa bofokoli ba leleme
• Ho sithabela hlooho
• Ho buuoa ka kankere ea hlooho le molala
• Mathata a methapo ea pelo a amang boko, joalo ka lefu la Parkinson kapa lefu la Huntington (le atileng haholo ho dysarthria ho feta aphasia)
• Meno a maiketsetso a sa sebetseng hantle
• Litla-morao tsa meriana e sebetsang tsamaisong ea methapo e bohareng, joalo ka lithethefatsi, phenytoin, kapa carbamazepine
• Leqeba
• Tlhaselo ea nakoana ea ischemic (TIA)

LITLHAKISO TSA LITSOE

• Keketseho kapa maqhutsu a lithapo tsa lentsoe
• Batho ba sebelisang lentsoe la bona haholo (matichere, bakoetlisi, baetsi ba lentsoe) ba na le monyetla oa ho ba le mathata a lentsoe.

Bakeng sa dysarthria, litsela tsa ho thusa ho ntlafatsa puisano li kenyelletsa ho bua butle le ho sebelisa boitšisinyo ba letsoho. Ba lelapa le metsoalle ba hloka ho fana ka nako e ngata bakeng sa ba nang le bothata bona ho itlhalosa. Ho ngola ka sesebelisoa sa elektroniki kapa ho sebelisa pene le pampiri le hona ho ka thusa ka puisano.

Bakeng sa aphasia, litho tsa lelapa li kanna tsa hloka ho fana ka likhopotso tsa khafetsa, joalo ka letsatsi la beke. Ho tsieleha le pherekano hangata ho etsahala le aphasia Ho sebelisa mekhoa e sa buuoeng ea puisano le hona ho ka thusa.

Ho bohlokoa ho boloka tikoloho e khutsitseng, e khutsitseng le ho boloka litšusumetso tsa kantle bonyane.

• Bua ka molumo o tloaelehileng oa lentsoe (boemo bona ha se bothata ba kutlo kapa ba maikutlo).
• Sebelisa lipolelo tse bonolo ho qoba ho se utloisisane.
• U se ke ua nahana hore motho eo oa utloisisa.
• Fana ka lithuso tsa puisano, ha ho khonahala, ho latela motho le boemo.

Keletso ea bophelo bo botle ba kelello e ka thusa ka khatello ea maikutlo kapa pherekano eo batho ba bangata ba nang le bothata ba ho bua ba nang le eona.

Ikopanye le mofani haeba:

• Ho senyeha kapa tahlehelo ea puisano ho tla ka tšohanyetso
• Ho na le kholofalo efe kapa efe e sa hlalosoang ea puo kapa puo e ngotsoeng

Ntle le haeba mathata a hlahile kamora ketsahalo ea ts'ohanyetso, mofani o tla nka nalane ea bongaka mme a etse tlhahlobo ea 'mele. Nalane ea bongaka e ka hloka thuso ea ba lelapa kapa metsoalle.

Mofani oa thepa o kanna a botsa ka bothata ba puo. Lipotso li ka kenyelletsa hore na bothata bo hlahile neng, hore na kotsi e teng, le hore na motho o noa meriana efe.

Liteko tsa tlhahlobo tse ka etsoang li kenyelletsa tse latelang:

• Liteko tsa mali
• Cerebral angiography ho lekola phallo ea mali bokong
• Tlhatlhobo ea CT kapa MRI ea hlooho ho lekola mathata a kang hlahala
• EEG ho lekanya tšebetso ea motlakase bokong
• Electromyography (EMG) ho lekola bophelo bo botle ba mesifa le methapo e laolang mesifa
• Lumbar puncture ho lekola mokelikeli oa "cerebrospinal" o teetseng bokong le lesapo la mokokotlo
• Liteko tsa moroto
• X-ray ea lehata

Haeba liteko li fumana mathata a mang a bongaka, lingaka tse ling tsa litsebi li tla hloka ho botsoa.

Bakeng sa thuso ka bothata ba puo, setsebi sa puo le puo kapa mosebeletsi oa sechaba o tla hloka ho botsoa.

Bofokoli ba puo; Ho senyeha ha puo; Ho se khone ho bua; Aphasia; Dysarthria; Puo e sothehileng; Mathata a lentsoe la Dysphonia

Mohlomphehi HS. Aphasia le li-syndromes tsa aphasic. Ka: Daroff RB, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL, bahlophisi. Neurology ea Bradley ho Tloaelo ea Bongaka. La 7th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: khaolo ea 13.

Mohlomphehi HS. Dysarthria le apraxia ea puo. Ka: Daroff RB, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL, bahlophisi. Neurology ea Bradley ho Tloaelo ea Bongaka. La 7th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: khaolo ea 14.

Rossi RP, Kortte JH, Palmer JB. Mathata a puo le puo. Ka: Frontera WR, Silver JK, Rizzo TD Jr, bahlophisi. Bohlokoa ba Phekolo ea 'mele le Ntlafatso. La 4 ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: khaolo ea 155.