Ho tsoa mali ka nko

Ho tsoa mali ka nko ke ho lahleheloa ke mali liseleng tse ka nkong. Ho tsoa mali hangata ho hlaha ka nko e le 'ngoe feela.

Li-nosebleeds li atile haholo. Boholo ba mali a tsoa mali a hlaha ka lebaka la ho teneha hanyane kapa sefuba.

Nko e na le methapo e mengata e menyenyane ea mali e tsoang mali habonolo. Moea o tsamaeang ka nko o ka omella le ho halefisa lera le kenang kahare ho nko. Li-crusts li ka theha mali ha li halefisoa. Li-nosebleeds tsa mali li hlaha khafetsa mariha, ha li-virus tse batang li atile 'me moea o ka tlung o lula o oma.

Boholo ba mali a tsoang mali a hlaha ka pele ho septum ea nko. Sena ke sengoathoana sa lisele tse arolang mahlakore a mabeli a nko. Mofuta ona oa ho tsoa mali ka nko ho ka ba bonolo hore setsebi se koetlisitsoeng se emise. Hangata, mali a tsoang noseble a ka hlaha holimo ho septum kapa botebong ba nko joalo ka lisuseng kapa botlaaseng ba lehata. Ho ka ba thata ho laola mali a joalo a nko ea mali. Leha ho le joalo, ho tsoa mali a tsoang malianeng ha se hangata ho behang bophelo kotsing.

Ho tsoa mali ka nko ho ka bakoa ke:

• Ho halefa ka lebaka la ho kula, sefuba, ho thimola kapa mathata a sinus
• Moea o batang haholo kapa o omileng
• Ho letsetsa nko ka thata haholo, kapa ho nka nko
• Ho lematsa nko, ho kenyelletsa nko e robehileng, kapa ntho e khomarelitsoeng ka nko
• Sinus kapa opereishene ea pituitary (transsphenoidal)
• Septum e khelohileng
• Lik'hemik'hale tsa lik'hemik'hale tse kenyeletsang meriana kapa lithethefatsi tse fafalitsoeng kapa tse nkiloeng
• Tšebeliso e feteletseng ea li-sprays tsa nko tse matlafatsang
• Kalafo ea oksijene ka li-cannulas tsa nasal

Ho tsoa mali ka makhetlo a mangata e ka 'na ea e-ba letšoao la lefu le leng le kang khatello e phahameng ea mali, lefu la ho tsoa mali, kapa hlahala ea nko kapa libe. Li-thinner tsa mali, tse kang warfarin (Coumadin), clopidogrel (Plavix), kapa aspirin, li ka baka kapa tsa mpefatsa nosebleeds.

Ho emisa ho tsoa mali ka nko:

• Lula fatše 'me ka bonolo u pepete karolo e bonolo ea nko pakeng tsa monoana oa hau o motona le oa letsoho (e le hore linko li koalehe) metsotso e 10 e felletseng.
• Tlohela pele ho qoba ho metsa mali le ho hema ka molomo oa hau.
• Ema bonyane metsotso e 10 pele o hlahloba hore na madi a emisitse. Etsa bonnete ba hore o lumella nako e lekaneng hore mali a emise.

E kanna ea thusa ho tlotsa likhoele tse batang kapa leqhoa ka nqane ho borokho ba nko. U se ke ua paka kahare ea nko ka gauze.

Ha ho khothaletsoe ho robala ka nko ea mali. U lokela ho qoba ho fofonela kapa ho letsa nko ka lihora tse 'maloa ka mor'a ho tsoa mali. Haeba ho tsoa mali ho ntse ho tsoela pele, ka nako e 'ngoe ho ka sebelisoa setlhare se fafatsang nko (Afrin, Neo-Synephrine) ho koala likepe tse nyane le ho laola ho tsoa mali.

Lintho tseo u ka li etsang ho thibela ho tsoa mali hangata li kenyelletsa:

• Boloka ntlo e pholile 'me u sebelise vaporizer ho eketsa mongobo moeeng o kahare.
• Sebelisa lero la nko le letsoai le nang le metsi (joalo ka Ayr gel) ho thibela linings hore li se ke tsa omella mariha.

Fumana tlhokomelo ya tshohanyetso haeba:

• Ho tsoa mali ha ho emise kamora metsotso e 20.
• Ho tsoa mali ka nko ho hlaha kamora ho tsoa hlooho. Sena se ka fana ka maikutlo a ho robeha ha lehata, mme x-ray e lokela ho nkuoa.
• Nko ea hau e kanna ea robeha (ka mohlala, e shebahala e kobehile kamora ho thula nko kapa kotsi e ngoe).
• U ntse u noa meriana ho thibela mali a hau hore a se ke a hoama.
• U kile ua ba le mali a tsoang malioa nakong e fetileng a neng a hloka tlhokomelo ea litsebi ho a phekola.

Bitsa mofani oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo haeba:

• Uena kapa ngoana oa hau le na le mali a mangata a tsoang mali
• Li-nosebleeds ha li amane le ho bata kapa ho teneha hanyane
• Li-nosebleeds tsa mali li hlaha kamora 'sinus kapa ts'ebetso e ngoe

Mofani oa thepa o tla etsa tlhahlobo ea 'mele. Maemong a mang, o ka shebelloa bakeng sa matšoao a khatello e tlase ea mali ho tsoa ho lahleheloa ke mali, eo hape e bitsoang hypovolemic shock (hona ho etsahala seoelo).

U kanna oa ba le liteko tse latelang:

• Palo e felletseng ea mali
• Nasal endoscopy (tlhahlobo ea nko u sebelisa kh'amera)
• Litekanyo tsa nako ea "thromboplastin" ea nakoana
• Nako ea Prothrombin (PT)
• CT scan ea nko le libe

Mofuta oa kalafo o sebelisitsoeng o tla ipapisa le sesosa sa mali a nkoang mali. Kalafo e ka kenyelletsa:

• Ho laola khatello ea mali
• Ho koala methapo ea mali ka mocheso, motlakase, kapa lithupa tsa nitrate tsa silevera
• Nasal paka
• Ho fokotsa nko e robehileng kapa ho ntsha mmele o sele
• Ho fokotsa bongata ba moriana o fokolang mali kapa ho emisa aspirin
• Ho phekola mathata a bolokang mali a hau hore a se ke a hoama ka mokhoa o tloaelehileng

U kanna ua hloka ho bona tsebe, nko le 'metso (ENT, otolaryngologist) bakeng sa liteko tse ling le kalafo.

Ho tsoa mali ho tsoa nko; Epistaxis

• Ho tsoa mali ka nko
• Ho tsoa mali ka nko

Pfaff JA, Moore GP. Otolaryngology. Ka: Marako RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, eds. Rosen's Emergency Medicine: Likhopolo le Tloaelo ea Kliniki. La 9th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: khaolo ea 62.

Savage S.Tsamaiso ea epistaxis. Ka: Fowler GC, e hlophisitsoeng. Mekhoa ea Pfenninger le Fowler ea Tlhokomelo ea Mathomo. La 4 ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: khaolo ea 205.

Simmen DB, Jones NS. Epistaxis. Ka: Flint PW, Haughey BH, Lund V, et al, eds. Cummings Otolaryngology: Ho Buuoa Hlooho le Nko. La 6th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2015: khaolo ea 42.