Ho hoeleketsa

Ho hoelehetsa ke bothata ba ho bua boo melumo, liluma kapa mantsoe a phetoang kapa a tšoarellang nako e telele ho feta tloaelo. Mathata ana a baka phallo ea puo e bitsoang ho se tsebe puo.

Ho hoelehetsa hangata ho ama bana ba lilemo li 2 ho isa ho tse 5 mme ho atile haholo ho bashemane. E ka nka libeke tse 'maloa ho isa ho lilemo tse' maloa.

Bakeng sa palo e fokolang ea bana, hohoelea ha ho fele mme ho ka mpefala. Hona ho thoe ke ho hoelehetsa ka mokhoa oa ntšetso-pele 'me ke mofuta o tloaelehileng haholo oa bohoelea.

Ho hoeleketsa ho tloaetse ho matha ka malapeng. Ho fumanoe liphatsa tsa lefutso tse bakang ho hoeleketsa.

Ho boetse ho na le bopaki ba hore ho hoeleketsa ke phello ea likotsi tsa boko, joalo ka stroke kapa likotsi tse mpe tsa boko.

Maemong a sa tloaelehang, ho hoelehetsa ho bakoa ke ho sithabela maikutlong (ho bitsoang ho hoeleketsa ha kelello).

Bohoelea bo ntse bo tsoela pele ho ba motho e moholo ho bashanyana ho feta banana.

Ho hoeleketsa ho ka qala ka ho pheta lilumisoa (k, g, t). Haeba hohoelea ho mpefala, mantsoe le lipoleloana lia phetoa.

Hamorao, mantsoe a hlaha. Ho na le molumo o qobelloang, o batlang o phatloha puong. Motho eo a ka bonahala a thatafalloa ho bua.

Maemo a sithabetsang sechabeng le matšoenyeho a ka mpefatsa matšoao.

Matšoao a ho hoeleketsa a ka kenyelletsa:

• Ho ikutloa o ferekane ha o leka ho bua

• Ho khefutsa kapa ho tsilatsila ha u qala kapa nakong ea lipolelo, lipolelo, kapa mantsoe, hangata le melomo hammoho
• Ho kenya (kenella) melumo e eketsehileng kapa mantsoe ("Re ile ho ... uh ... lebenkele")
• Ho pheta-pheta melumo, mantsoe, likarolo tsa mantsoe, kapa lipolelo ("Ke batla ... ke batla popi ea ka," "Ke ... kea u bona," kapa "Ca-ca-ca-can")
• Tsitsipano ea lentsoe
• Melumo e telele haholo ka har'a mantsoe ("Ke Booooobbbby Jones" kapa "Llllllllike")

Matšoao a mang a ka bonoang ka ho hoeleketsa a kenyelletsa:

• Ho panya ha leihlo
• Ho tsitsinyeha hoa hlooho kapa dikarolo tse ding tsa mmele
• Mohlahare oa tsitsinyeha
• Ho koenya setebele

Bana ba nang le bohoelea bo fokolang hangata ha ba hlokomele ho hoeleketsa ha bona. Maemong a boima, bana ba ka tseba haholoanyane. Ho sisinyeha ha sefahleho, ho tšoenyeha le ho hoeleketsa ho eketsehileng ho ka etsahala ha ba kopuoa ho bua.

Batho ba bang ba hoeleketsa ba fumana hore ha ba hoeleketse ha ba balla holimo kapa ha ba bina.

Mofani oa hao oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo o tla botsa ka nalane ea ngoana oa hau ea bongaka le ea kholo, joalo ka ha ngoana oa hau a qalile ho hoeleketsa le makhetlo a eona. Mofani oa thepa o tla hlahloba:

• Ho bua ka thello
• Khatello ea maikutlo
• Boemo bofe kapa bofe
• Phello ea ho hoeleketsa bophelong ba letsatsi le letsatsi

Ha ho liteko tse atisang ho hlokahala. Ho hlahlojoa ha lehoelea ho ka hloka hore u buisane le ngaka ea mafu a puo.

Ha ho na kalafo e ntle ka ho fetisisa bakeng sa ho hoeleketsa. Linyeoe tse ngata tsa pele ke tsa nakoana 'me li rarolloa ka botsona.

Phekolo ea puo e ka ba molemo haeba:

• Ho hoelehetsa ho nkile nako e fetang likhoeli tse 3 ho isa ho tse 6, kapa puo e "thibetsoeng" e nka metsotsoana e mengata
• Ngoana o bonahala a thatafalloa ha a hoelehetsa, kapa o hlajoa ke lihlong
• Ho na le nalane ea lelapa ea ho hoeleketsa

Phekolo ea puo e ka thusa ho etsa hore puo e bue hantle kapa e be boreleli.

Batsoali ba khothaletsoa ho:

• Qoba ho bontša ho tšoenyeha ho hoholo ka ho hoeleketsa, ho ka mpefatsang lintho ka ho etsa hore ngoana a itšepe.
• Qoba maemo a khatello a sechaba ha ho khoneha.
• Mamela ngoana ka mamello, mo shebe mahlong, u se ke ua mo kena hanong, 'me u bontše lerato le kamohelo. Qoba ho ba phethela likahlolo.
• Behella nako ka thoko bakeng sa ho bua.
• Bua ka bolokolohi ka ho hoelehetsa ha ngoana au tlisetsa eona. Ba tsebise hore u utloisisa ho tsieleha ha bona.
• Bua le setsebi sa puo mabapi le hore na u lokise bohoelea ka bonolo neng.

Ho noa moriana ha hoa bonts'oa ho le molemo bakeng sa ho hoeleketsa.

Ha ho hlake hore na lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki li thusa ho hoelehetsa.

Lihlopha tsa ho ithusa hangata li thusa ngoana le ba lelapa.

Mekhatlo e latelang ke lisebelisoa tse ntle tsa tlhahisoleseling mabapi le ho hoelehetsa le kalafo ea eona:

• Setsi sa Amerika sa ho Hoeleketsa - stutteringtreatment.org
• METSOALLE: Mokhatlo oa Naha oa Bacha ba Kokotang - www.friendswhostutter.org
• Motheo oa Stuttering - www.stutteringhelp.org
• Mokhatlo oa National Stuttering Association (NSA) - westutter.org

Ho bana ba bangata ba kokotang, karolo ea feta 'me puo e khutlela setloaeling nakong ea lilemo tse 3 kapa tse 4. Ho hoelehetsa ho ka etsahala hore motho a qetelle a le motho e moholo haeba:

• E tsoela pele ho feta selemo se le seng
• Ngoana o kokotletsa kamora lilemo tse 6
• Ngoana o na le mathata a puo kapa a puo

Mathata a ka bang teng a ho hoeleketsa a kenyelletsa mathata a kahisano a bakoang ke ho tšaba ho hobosoa, ho ka etsang hore ngoana a qobe ho bua ka botlalo.

Ikopanye le mofani oa hau haeba:

• Ho hoeleketsa ho sitisa mosebetsi oa ngoana oa hao oa sekolo kapa kholo ea maikutlo.
• Ngoana o bonahala a tšoenyehile kapa a hlajoa ke lihlong ka ho bua.
• Matšoao a nka likhoeli tse fetang 3 ho isa ho tse 6.

Ha ho na mokhoa o tsebahalang oa ho thibela ho hoelehetsa. E ka fokotsoa ka ho bua butle le ka ho sebetsana le maemo a sithabetsang.

Bana le bohoelea; Ho se tsotelle ha puo; A kokotletsa; Bothata ba ho qala bongoaneng ba bongoana; Bohlasoa; Lintho tse lumellanang 'meleng

Setsi sa Naha sa Bokooa le Mathata a Mang a Puisano. Leqephe la NIDCD: ho hoeleketsa. www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/stuttering. E ntlafalitsoe ka la 6 Hlakubele 2017. E fihlile ka la 30 Pherekhong 2020.

Simms MD. Nts'etsopele ea puo le mathata a puisano. Ka: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, bahlophisi. Buka ea Nelson ea Pediatrics. La 21 Ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: khaolo ea 52.

Trauner DA, Nass RD. Mathata a puo ea nts'etsopele. Ka: Swaiman KF, Ashwal S, Ferriero DM, et al, eds. Swaiman's Pediatric Neurology. La 6th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017: khaolo ea 53.