Syphilis

Syphilis ke tšoaetso ea baktheria e atisang ho hasana ka thobalano.

Syphilis ke lefu le tšoaetsanoang ka thobalano (STI) le bakoang ke baktheria Treponema pallidum. Baktheria ena e baka ts'oaetso ha e kena ka letlalo le robehileng kapa lera la mameno, hangata e le litho tsa thobalano. Syphilis hangata e fetisoa ka thobalano, leha e ka fetisoa ka litsela tse ling.

Syphilis e etsahala lefatšeng ka bophara, hangata libakeng tsa litoropo. Palo ea linyeoe e nyoloha ka potlako ho banna ba etsang thobalano le banna (MSM). Bacha ba baholo ba lilemo li 20 ho isa ho 35 ke bona ba kotsing e kholo ka ho fetisisa. Hobane batho ba kanna ba se tsebe hore ba tšoaelitsoe ke syphilis, linaha tse ngata li hloka liteko tsa syphilis pele ho lenyalo. Basali bohle ba baimana ba fumanang tlhokomelo ea bakhachane ba lokela ho hlahlojoa lefu la syphilis ho thibela tšoaetso ho fetisetsa masea a bona a sa tsoa tsoaloa.

Syphilis e na le mekhahlelo e meraro:

• Syphilis e ka sehloohong
• Mokaola bobeli
• Syphilis e phahameng (karolo ea morao ea bokuli)

Syphilis ea bobeli, syphilis ea thuto e phahameng le syphilis ea tlhaho ha e bonoe hangata United States ka lebaka la thuto, ho hlahlojoa le kalafo.

Nako ea poloko ea syphilis ea mantlha ke matsatsi a 14 ho isa ho a 21. Matšoao a syphilis ea mantlha ke:

• Leqeba le senang bohloko le hlabang (le bitsoang chancre) ka hara litho tsa botona le botšehali, molomo, letlalo, kapa lehlaka le iphodisang ka botsona libekeng tse 3 ho isa ho tse 6.
• Lymph nodes tse atolositsoeng sebakeng sa bohloko

Libaktheria li ntse li tsoela pele ho hola 'meleng, empa ho na le matšoao a fokolang ho fihlela mothating oa bobeli.

Matšoao a syphilis ea bobeli a qala libeke tse 4 ho isa ho tse 8 kamora syphilis ea mantlha. Matšoao a ka kenyelletsa:

• Ho phatloha ha letlalo, hangata liatleng tsa matsoho le bohatong ba maoto
• Liso tse bitsoang makhapetla a molomong kapa ka hare ho molomo, ka hara botshehadi kapa botoneng
• Matheba a mongobo, a masene (a bitsoang condylomata lata) ka hara litho tsa botona kapa botšehali
• Feberu
• Boikutlo bo bobe ba kakaretso
• Ho felloa ke takatso ea lijo
• Bohloko ba mesifa le manonyeletso
• Ho ruruha lymph nodes
• Pono ea fetoha
• Ho hlotheha ha moriri

Syphilis e phahameng e qala ho batho ba sa alafshoang. Matšoao a ipapisitse le litho tse amehileng. Li fapana haholo ebile ho ka ba thata ho li fumana. Matšoao a kenyelletsa:

• Tšenyo ea pelo, e bakang li-aneurysms kapa lefu la valve
• Mathata a tsamaiso ea methapo e bohareng (neurosyphilis)
• Lihlahala tsa letlalo, masapo kapa sebete

Mofani oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo o tla etsa tlhahlobo ea 'mele mme a botse ka matšoao. Liteko tse ka etsoang li kenyelletsa:

• Ho hlahlojoa mokelikeli o tsoang ho bohloko (ho sa etsoang hangata)
• Echocardiogram, aortic angiogram, le catheterization ea pelo ho sheba methapo e meholo ea mali le pelo
• Pompo ea mokokotlo le tlhahlobo ea mokelikeli oa mokokotlo
• Liteko tsa mali ho lekola libaktheria tsa syphilis (RPR, VDRL, kapa TRUST)

Haeba liteko tsa RPR, VDRL, kapa TRUST li le hantle, ho tla hlokahala e 'ngoe ea liteko tse latelang ho netefatsa tlhahlobo ea lefu lena:

• FTA-ABS (teko ea 'mele ea fluorescent treponemal antibody)
• MHA-TP
• TP-EIA
• TP-PA

Syphilis e ka phekoloa ka lithibela-mafu, tse kang:

• Penicillin G benzathine
• Doxycycline (mofuta oa tetracycline o fuoang batho ba alejiki le penicillin)

Bolelele ba kalafo bo ipapisitse le hore na syphilis e matla hakae, le lintlha tse kang bophelo bo botle ba motho ka kakaretso.

Ho phekola syphilis nakong ea bokhachane, penicillin ke sethethefatsi se ikhethileng. Tetracycline e ke ke ea sebelisoa kalafong hobane e kotsi ho lesea le e-so hlahe. Erythromycin e kanna ea se ke ea thibela syphilis ea tlhaho ho lesea. Batho ba alejiki le penicillin ba lokela ho e hloka, ebe ba phekoloa ka penicillin.

Lihora tse 'maloa ka mor'a ho fumana kalafo ea methati ea pele ea syphilis, batho ba ka ba le karabelo ea Jarisch-Herxheimer. Ts'ebetso ena e bakoa ke boits'ireletso ba mmele ho lihlahisoa tse senyehileng tsa ts'oaetso eseng tšoaetso ea alejiki ho lithibela-mafu.

Matšoao le matšoao a karabelo ena a kenyelletsa:

• Ho bata
• Feberu
• Boikutlo bo tloaelehileng ba ho kula (malaise)
• Ho opeloa ke hlooho
• Bohloko ba mesifa le manonyeletso
• Ho nyekeloa
• Moferefere

Hangata matšoao ana a nyamela nakong ea lihora tse 24.

Liteko tsa mali tse latelang li tlameha ho etsoa likhoeling tse 3, 6, 12 le 24 ho netefatsa hore ts'oaetso e felile. Qoba ho kopanela liphate ha chancre e le teng. Sebelisa likhohlopo ho fihlela liteko tse peli tse latelang li bontša hore tšoaetso e folisitsoe, ho fokotsa monyetla oa ho fetisetsa tšoaetso.

Balekane bohle ba thobalano ba motho ea nang le syphilis le bona ba lokela ho phekoloa. Syphilis e ka hasana habonolo maemong a mathomo le a mahareng.

Syphilis ea mathomo le ea bobeli e ka phekoloa haeba e ka fumanoa kapele le kalafo e felletseng.

Le ha syphilis ea bobeli e fela ka nako ea libeke, maemong a mang e kanna ea nka selemo se le seng. Ntle le kalafo, karolo ea boraro ea batho e tla ba le mathata a morao a syphilis.

Lefuba la morao le ka holofatsa ruri, 'me le ka lebisa lefung.

Mathata a syphilis a kenyeletsa:

• Mathata a pelo (aortitis le aneurysms)
• Liso tse senyang tsa letlalo le masapo (gummas)
• Neurosyphilis
• Syphilitic myelopathy - bothata bo amanang le bofokoli ba mesifa le maikutlo a sa tloaelehang
• Syphilitic meningitis

Ntle le moo, syphilis ea bobeli e sa alafshoang nakong ea bokhachane e ka fetisetsa lefu lena ho lesea le ntseng le hola. Sena se bitsoa congenital syphilis.

Bitsa kopano le mofani oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo haeba u na le matšoao a syphilis.

Ikopanye le mofani oa litšebeletso, kapa u hlahlobe tleliniki ea mafu a likobo haeba u na le:

• Ho ba le kamano e haufi-ufi le motho ea nang le mokaola kapa mafu a likobo a mang
• Ho nka karolo litloaelong life kapa life tse kotsi tsa thobalano, ho kenyeletsoa ho ba le balekane ba bangata kapa ba sa tsejoeng kapa ho sebelisa lithethefatsi tse kenang methapong

Haeba u etsa thobalano, ikoetlise ka tsela e sireletsehileng 'me u sebelise khohlopo kamehla.

Basali bohle ba baimana ba lokela ho hlahlojoa lefu la syphilis.

Mokaola ka sehloohong; Mokaola mahareng; Mokaola morao; Mokaola phahameng; Treponema - mokaola; Lues; Maloetse a tšoaetsanoang ka thobalano - syphilis; Tšoaetso ea thobalano - syphilis; STD - syphilis; Mafu a likobo - syphilis

• Syphilis e ka sehloohong
• Mekhoa ea ho ikatisa ea banna le basali
• Mokaola - mahareng ka liatla tsa
• Syphilis ea morao-rao

Ghanem KG, Hook EW. Syphilis. Ka: Goldman L, Schafer AI, li-eds. Phekolo ea Goldman-Cecil. La 26th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: khaolo ea 303.

Radolf JD, Tramont EC, Salazar JC. Syphilis (Treponema pallidum). Ka: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, bahlophisi. Mandell, Douglas, le Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. La 9th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: khaolo ea 237.

Stary G, Stary A. Mafu a tšoaetsanoang ka thobalano. Ka: Bolognia JL, Schaffer JV, Cerroni L, bahlophisi. Dermatology. La 4 ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: khaolo ea 82.