Dementia ea kelello

Dementia ke tahlehelo ea ts'ebetso ea boko e hlahang ka mafu a itseng. E ama mohopolo, monahano, puo, kahlolo le boits'oaro.

Dementia hangata e hlaha botsofaling. Mefuta e mengata ha e fumanehe hangata ho batho ba ka tlase ho lilemo tse 60. Kotsi ea 'dementia' ea eketseha ha motho a ntse a tsofala.

Mefuta e mengata ea 'dementia' ha e khone ho khutlisoa (e senyeha). Ho sa fetohe ho bolela liphetoho tse bokong tse bakang 'dementia' tse ke keng tsa emisoa kapa tsa khutlisoa.Lefu la Alzheimer ke mofuta o atileng haholo oa 'dementia'.

Mofuta o mong o tloaelehileng oa 'dementia' ke 'dementia' ea methapo. E bakoa ke phallo e mpe ea mali bokong, joalo ka stroke.

Lefu la Lewy ke sesosa se tloaelehileng sa 'dementia' ho batho ba baholo. Batho ba nang le boemo bona ba na le liprotheine tse sa tloaelehang libakeng tse ling tsa boko.

Maemo a latelang a bongaka a ka baka lefu la 'dementia':

• Lefu la Huntington
• Kotsi ea boko
• Multiple sclerosis
• Matšoao a kang HIV / AIDS, syphilis le Lyme
• Lefu la Parkinson
• Khetha lefu
• Tsoelo-pele ea supranuclear palsy

Lisosa tse ling tsa 'dementia' li ka emisoa kapa tsa khutlisoa haeba li ka fumanoa kapele ho lekana, ho kenyelletsa:

• Kotsi ea boko
• Lihlahala tsa boko
• Tšebeliso e mpe ea joala ea nako e telele (e sa foleng)
• Liphetoho tsoekere ea mali, sodium le calcium ('dementia' ka lebaka la lisosa tsa metabolism)
• Boemo ba vithamine B12 e tlase
• Khatello e tloaelehileng ea hydrocephalus
• Ts'ebeliso ea meriana e meng, ho kenyeletsoa cimetidine le lithethefatsi tse ling tsa cholesterol
• Maloetse a mang a boko

Matšoao a 'dementia' a kenyelletsa ho ba le mathata libakeng tse ngata tsa ts'ebetso ea kelello, ho kenyelletsa:

• Boitšoaro ba maikutlo kapa botho
• Puo
• Khopotso
• Temoho
• Ho nahana le kahlolo (tsebo ea kutloisiso)

Dementia hangata e hlaha e le ho lebala.

Bofokoli bo bonolo ba kutloisiso (MCI) ke mohato o pakeng tsa ho lebala ho tloaelehileng ka lebaka la botsofali le nts'etsopele ea 'dementia'. Batho ba nang le MCI ba na le mathata a bobebe ka menahano le mohopolo tse sa sitiseng mesebetsi ea letsatsi le letsatsi. Hangata ba tseba ka ho lebala ha bona. Ha se motho e mong le e mong ea nang le MCI ea nang le 'dementia'.

Matšoao a MCI a kenyelletsa:

• Ho ba thata ho etsa mesebetsi e fetang e le 'ngoe ka nako
• Ho thata ho rarolla mathata kapa ho etsa liqeto
• Ho lebala mabitso a batho bao u ba tloaetseng, liketsahalo tsa morao-rao kapa meqoqo
• Ho nka nako e telele ho etsa mesebetsi e thata ea kelello

Matšoao a pele a 'dementia' a ka kenyelletsa:

• Ho thatafalloa ke mesebetsi e nahanang, empa e neng e tla habonolo, joalo ka ho lekanya buka ea ho hlahloba, ho bapala lipapali (joalo ka borokho), le ho ithuta tlhaiso-leseling e ncha kapa tloaelo
• Ho lahleha litseleng tse tloaelehileng
• Mathata a puo, joalo ka bothata ka mabitso a lintho tse tloaelehileng
• Ho felloa ke thahasello linthong tse neng li natefeloa pele, maikutlo a bataletseng
• Ho beha lintho tse fosahetseng
• Liphetoho tsa botho le tahlehelo ea tsebo ea sechaba, e ka lebisang mekhoeng e sa lokelang
• Ho fetoha hoa maikutlo ho lebisang boitšoarong bo mabifi
• Ts'ebetso e mpe ea mesebetsi ea mosebetsi
  

Ha 'dementia' e ntse e mpefala, matšoao a totobala hape a kena-kenana le bokhoni ba ho itlhokomela. Matšoao a ka kenyelletsa:

• Fetola mekhoa ea boroko, hangata a tsoha bosiu
• Ho thatafalloa ke mesebetsi ea mantlha, e kang ho pheha, ho khetha liaparo tse nepahetseng kapa ho khanna
• Ho lebala lintlha ka liketsahalo tsa morao-rao
• Ho lebala liketsahalo tsa nalane ea bophelo ba motho, ho lahleheloa ke boits'oaro
• Ho ba le lipono, likhang, ho hlasela le boitšoaro bo mabifi
• Ho ba le liphoso, khatello ea maikutlo le ho ferekana
• Ho thatafalloa ho bala kapa ho ngola
• Kahlolo e fosahetseng le tahlehelo ea bokhoni ba ho lemoha kotsi
• Ho sebelisa lentsoe le fosahetseng, ho se bitse mantsoe hantle, ho bua ka lipolelo tse ferekanyang
• Ho tlohela ho kopana le sechaba

Batho ba nang le 'dementia' e matla ha ba sa khona:

• Etsa mesebetsi ea mantlha ea bophelo ba letsatsi le letsatsi, joalo ka ho ja, ho apara le ho hlapa
• Lemoha litho tsa lelapa
• Utloisisa puo

Matšoao a mang a ka hlahang ka 'dementia':

• Mathata a ho laola mantle kapa moroto
• Ho metsa mathata

Mofani ea nang le boiphihlelo oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo hangata a ka hlahloba 'dementia' a sebelisa tse latelang:

• Tlhahlobo e felletseng ea 'mele, ho kenyeletsoa le tlhahlobo ea sistimi ea methapo
• Ho botsa ka nalane ea motho ea bongaka le matšoao a hae
• Liteko tsa ts'ebetso ea kelello (tlhahlobo ea boemo ba kelello)

Liteko tse ling li ka laeloa ho fumana hore na mathata a mang a ka baka 'dementia' kapa a mpefatsa. Maemo ana a kenyelletsa:

• Khaello ea mali
• Hlahala ea boko
• Tšoaetso ea nako e telele (e sa foleng)
• Ho tahoa ke meriana
• Ho tepella maikutlo ho matla
• Boloetse ba qoqotho
• Khaello ea vithamine

Liteko le mekhoa e latelang e ka etsoa:

• Boemo ba B12
• Boemo ba ammonia ea mali
• Khemistri ea mali (chem-20)
• Tlhahlobo ea khase ea mali
• Tlhatlhobo ea Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
• Litekanyetso tsa lithethefatsi kapa joala (skrine ea toxicology)
• Electroencephalograph (EEG)
• Hlooho CT
• Teko ea boemo ba kelello
• MRI ea hlooho
• Liteko tsa ts'ebetso ea qoqotho, ho kenyelletsa le thyroid e susumetsang hormone (TSH)
• Boemo ba lihomone tse susumetsang qoqotho
• Ho hlahloba urinal

Kalafo e ipapisitse le boemo bo bakang 'dementia'. Batho ba bang ba ka hloka ho lula sepetlele nakoana.

Ka linako tse ling, moriana oa 'dementia' o ka mpefatsa motho. Ho emisa kapa ho fetola meriana ena ke karolo ea kalafo.

Boikoetliso bo itseng ba kelello bo ka thusa ka 'dementia'.

Ho sebetsana le maemo a ka lebisang pherekanong hangata ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea kelello. Maemo a joalo a kenyelletsa:

• Khaello ea mali
• Ho fokotsa oksijene ea mali (hypoxia)
• Ho tepella maikutlo
• Ho hloleha ha pelo
• Tšoaetso
• Mathata a phepo e nepahetseng
• Mathata a qoqotho

Meriana e ka sebelisoa ho:

• Butle butle moo matšoao a mpefalang, leha ntlafatso ea lithethefatsi tsena e ka ba nyane
• Laola mathata ka boits'oaro, joalo ka tahlehelo ea kahlolo kapa pherekano

Motho ea nang le 'dementia' o tla hloka ts'ehetso lapeng ha lefu lena le ntse le mpefala. Litho tsa lelapa kapa bahlokomeli ba bang ba ka thusa ka ho thusa motho ho sebetsana ka katleho le ho lahleheloa ke mohopolo le boitšoaro le mathata a boroko. Ho bohlokoa ho netefatsa hore matlo a batho ba nang le 'dementia' a bolokehile bakeng sa bona.

Batho ba nang le MCI ha se kamehla ba nang le 'dementia'. Ha 'dementia' e ba teng, hangata e mpefala ha nako e ntse e feta. Dementia hangata e fokotsa boleng ba bophelo le bolelele ba bophelo. Malapa a kanna a hloka ho rera moralo oa tlhokomelo ea moratuoa oa bona nakong e tlang.

Bitsa mofani oa hau haeba:

• Dementia ea hlaha kapa phetoho ea tšohanyetso maemong a kelello e etsahala
• Boemo ba motho ea nang le 'dementia' bo mpefala
• Ha o khone ho hlokomela motho ea nang le 'dementia' hae

Lisosa tse ngata tsa 'dementia' ha li qojoe.

Kotsi ea 'dementia' ea methapo e ka fokotsoa ka ho thibela likoti ka:

• Ho ja lijo tse phetseng hantle
• Ho ikoetlisa
• Ho tlohela ho tsuba
• Ho laola khatello e phahameng ea mali
• Ho laola lefu la tsoekere

Lefu le sa foleng la boko; 'Dementia ea' mele ea Lewy; DLB; 'Dementia ea' mele; Bofokoli bo bonolo ba kutloisiso; MCI

• Ho buisana le motho ea nang le aphasia
• Ho buisana le motho ea nang le dysarthria
• Dementia le ho khanna
• Dementia - boitšoaro le mathata a boroko
• Dementia - tlhokomelo ea letsatsi le letsatsi
• Dementia - ho ipoloka o bolokehile ka lapeng
• Dementia - seo u lokelang ho se botsa ngaka ea hau
• Ho ja likhalori tse eketsehileng ha u kula - batho ba baholo
• Ho thibela ho oa

• Boko
• Metsing ea boko

Knopman DS. Ho senyeha ha kelello le 'dementias' tse ling. Ka: Goldman L, Schafer AI, li-eds. Phekolo ea Goldman-Cecil. La 26th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: khaolo ea 374.

Peterson R, Graff-Radford J. Alzheimer le mafu a mang a 'dementia'. Ka: Daroff RB, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL, bahlophisi. Neurology ea Bradley ho Tloaelo ea Bongaka. La 7th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: khaolo ea 95.

Petersen RC, Lopez O, Armstrong MJ, le al. Tloaelo ea ntlafatso ea litataiso tsa boits'oaro: Bofokoli bo bobebe ba kutloisiso: tlaleho ea Khomishene ea Tataiso, Phatlalatso le Ts'ebetso ea Ts'ebetso ea American Academy of Neurology. Neurology. 2018; 90 (3): 126-135. PMID: 29282327 e phatlalalitsoeng.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29282327.