Myeloma e mengata

Multiple myeloma ke kankere ea mali e qalang liseleng tsa plasma tse mokong oa masapo. Moko oa masapo ke lisele tse bonolo, tse nang le seponche tse fumanoang ka har'a masapo a mangata. E thusa ho etsa lisele tsa mali.

Lisele tsa Plasma li thusa 'mele oa hau ho loantša tšoaetso ka ho hlahisa liprotheine tse bitsoang li-antibodies. Ka li-myeloma tse ngata, lisele tsa lero la mali li tsoa taolong mokong oa masapo ebe li theha lihlahala libakeng tsa masapo a tiileng. Khōlo ea lihlahala tsena tsa masapo e fokolisa masapo a tiileng. E boetse e thatafalletsa mokong oa masapo ho etsa lisele tsa mali le liplatelete tse phetseng hantle.

Lebaka la myeloma e mengata ha le tsejoe. Kalafo ea nakong e fetileng ka kalafo ea radiation e eketsa menyetla ea mofuta ona oa mofets'e. Multiple myeloma e ama haholo batho ba baholo.

Hangata myeloma e baka:

• Palo e khubelu ea lisele tse khubelu tsa mali (phokolo ea mali), e ka lebisang ho mokhathala le phefumoloho e khuts'oane
• Palo e tlase ea lisele tse tšoeu tsa mali, e leng se u nolofalletsang ho fumana tšoaetso
• Palo e tlase ea platelet, e ka lebisang ho tsoa mali ka mokhoa o sa tloaelehang

Ha lisele tsa mofetše li hola mokong oa masapo, o kanna oa ba le bohloko ba masapo, hangata likhopong kapa mokokotlong.

Lisele tsa mofetše li ka fokolisa masapo. Ka hoo:

• U ka ba le masapo a robehileng (masapo a robehileng) ha feela u etsa lintho tse tloaelehileng.
• Haeba mofetše o hola masapong a mokokotlo, o ka hatella methapo. Sena se ka lebisa ho shoeleng kapa ho fokola ha matsoho kapa maoto.

Mofani oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo o tla etsa tlhahlobo ea 'mele mme a botse ka matšoao a hau.

Liteko tsa mali li ka thusa ho fumana lefu lena. Liteko tsena li kenyelletsa:

• Boemo ba Albumin
• Boemo ba calcium
• Kakaretso ea boemo ba protheine
• Ts'ebetso ea liphio
• Palo e felletseng ea mali (CBC)
• Ho itšireletsa mafung
• Boholo ba nephelometry
• Serum protheine electrophoresis

Bone x-rays, litlhahlobo tsa CT, kapa MRI e ka bonts'a ho robeha kapa libaka tse koahetsoeng tsa masapo. Haeba mofani oa hau a belaella mofuta ona oa mofets'e, ho tla etsoa biopsy ea moko oa masapo.

Ho lekoa ha masapo ho ka bontša tahlehelo ea masapo.

Haeba liteko li bontša hore u na le myeloma e mengata, ho tla etsoa liteko tse ling ho bona hore na mofetše o hasane hakae. Sena se bitsoa sethaleng. Ho beha litepisi ho thusa ho tataisa kalafo le ho e latela.

Batho ba nang le lefu le bobebe kapa bao lefu le sa tsejoeng ho bona hangata ba behiloe leihlo ka hloko. Batho ba bang ba na le mofuta oa myeloma e mengata e holang butle (smoldering myeloma), e nkang lilemo ho baka matšoao.

Mefuta e fapaneng ea meriana e sebelisoa ho phekola myeloma e mengata. Hangata li fanoa ho thibela mathata a joalo ka ho robeha ha masapo le tšenyo ea liphio.

Phekolo ea radiation e ka sebelisoa ho kokobetsa bohloko ba masapo kapa ho fokotsa hlahala e phunyeletsang mokokotlo.

Ho ka khothaletsoa ho kenyelletsa 'moko oa masapo:

• Autologous bone marrow kapa stem cell transplant e etsoa ho sebelisoa li-stem tsa motho.
• Ho kenya allogeneic ho sebelisa lisele tsa bakoang tsa motho e mong. Kalafo ena e na le likotsi tse kholo, empa e ka fana ka monyetla oa pheko.

Uena le mofani oa hau le kanna la hloka ho sebetsana le mathata a mang nakong ea kalafo ea hau, ho kenyelletsa:

• Ho ba le chemotherapy lapeng
• Ho laola liphoofolo tsa lapeng
• Mathata a ho tsoa mali
• Molomo o omileng
• Ho ja lik'hilojule tse lekaneng
• Ho ja ka mokhoa o bolokehileng nakong ea kalafo ea mofets'e

U ka fokotsa khatello ea maikutlo ea bokuli ka ho kenela sehlopha sa ts'ehetso ea mofets'e. Ho arolelana le ba bang ba nang le liphihlelo tse tšoanang le mathata ho ka u thusa hore u se ke ua ikutloa u le mong.

Ponahalo e ipapisitse le lilemo tsa motho eo le boemo ba lefu. Maemong a mang, lefu lena le tsoela pele ka potlako haholo. Maemong a mang, ho nka lilemo hore matšoao a hlahe.

Ka kakaretso, myeloma e mengata ea phekoloa, empa maemong a sa tloaelehang e ka phekoloa.

Ho hloleha ha liphio ke bothata bo etsahalang khafetsa. Tse ling li ka kenyelletsa:

• Ho robeha ha masapo
• Lebelo le phahameng la calcium maling, le ka bang kotsi haholo
• Monyetla o eketsehileng oa tšoaetso, haholo-holo matšoafong
• Khaello ea mali

Bitsa mofani oa hau haeba u na le myeloma e mengata 'me u ba le ts'oaetso, kapa ho felloa ke matla, ho lahleheloa ke motsamao kapa ho felloa ke maikutlo.

Plasma cell dyscrasia; Plasma cell myeloma; Plasmacytoma e kotsi; Plasmacytoma ea masapo; Myeloma - tse ngata

• Ho kenyelletsa 'mele oa masapo - ho tsoa

• Cryoglobulinemia ea menoana
• Meaho ea sistimi ea boits'ireletso
• Masole a mmele

Webosaete ea National Cancer Institute. PDQ cell cell neoplasms (ho kenyeletsoa kalafo e mengata ea myeloma). www.cancer.gov/types/myeloma/hp/myeloma- kalafo-pdq. E ntlafalitsoe ka la 19 Phupu, 2019. E fihlile ka la 13 Hlakola 2020.

Webosaete ea National Comprehensive Cancer Network. Litaelo tsa NCCN tsa litloaelo tsa kliniki ho oncology: multiple myeloma. Mofuta oa 2.2020. www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/myeloma.pdf. E ntlafalitsoe ka Mphalane 9, 2019. E fihlile ka la 13 Hlakola 2020.

Rajkumar SV, Dispenzieri A. Multiple myeloma le mathata a amanang le ona. Ka: Niederhuber JE, Armitage JO, Kastan MB, Doroshow JH, Tepper JE, bahlophisi. Abeloff's Clinical Oncology. La 6th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: khaolo ea 101.