Phokolo ea mali ea hemolytic
Phokolo ea mali ke boemo boo 'mele o se nang lisele tse khubelu tsa mali tse phetseng hantle. Lisele tse khubelu tsa mali li fana ka oksijene lithong tsa 'mele.
Lisele tse khubelu tsa mali li nka matsatsi a ka bang 120 pele 'mele o li tlosa. Haemolytic anemia, lisele tse khubelu tsa mali li senyeha pejana ho tloaelehileng.
Phokolo ea mali ea hemolytic immune e hlaha ha masole a 'mele a ipopa khahlanong le lisele tse khubelu tsa mali tsa' mele ebe aa li senya. Sena se etsahala hobane boits'ireletso ba mmele bo amohela ka phoso lisele tsena tsa mali e le kantle ho naha.
Lisosa tse ka bang teng li kenyelletsa:
- Lik'hemik'hale tse ling, lithethefatsi le chefo
- Tšoaetso
- Ho tšeloa mali ho tsoa ho mofani ka mofuta oa mali o sa lumellaneng
- Mefuta e meng ea mofetše
Ha li-antibodies li theha khahlanong le lisele tse khubelu tsa mali ntle ho lebaka, boemo boo bo bitsoa idiopathic autoimmune hemolytic anemia.
Masole a mmele le ona a ka bakwa ke:
- Phokotso ea lefu le leng
- Litšelo tsa mali tse fetileng
- Bokhachane (haeba mofuta oa mali oa ngoana o fapane le oa mme)
Lisosa tsa kotsi li amana le lisosa.
Mohlomong ha u na matšoao haeba phokolo ea mali e le bonolo. Haeba bothata bo hlaha butle, matšoao a ka hlahang pele a kenyelletsa:
- Ho ikutloa o fokola kapa o khathetse hangata ho feta tloaelo, kapa ka ho ikoetlisa
- Ho tšoaroa ke hlooho
- Mathata a ho tsepamisa mohopolo kapa ho nahana
Haeba phokolo ea mali e mpefala, matšoao a ka kenyelletsa:
- Hlooho e bobebe ha u ema
- 'Mala oa letlalo o moputsoa (pallor)
- Phefumoloho e khutšoanyane
- Leleme le bohloko
U kanna ua hloka liteko tse latelang:
- Palo ea "reticulocyte" ka botlalo
- Teko ea Coombs e tobileng kapa e sa tobang
- Hemoglobin ka morong
- LDH (boemo ba enzyme ena bo phahama ka lebaka la tšenyo ea lisele)
- Palo e khubelu ea lisele tsa mali (RBC), hemoglobin le hematocrit
- Boemo ba serum bilirubin
- Haemoglobin ea mahala ea Serum
- Serum haptoglobin
- Teko ea Donath-Landsteiner
- Cold agglutinins
- Haemoglobin ea mahala serum kapa moroto
- Hemosiderin ka morong
- Palo ea liplatelete
- Protheine electrophoresis - serum
- Pyruvate kinase
- Boemo ba serum haptoglobin
- Moroto le mantle urobilinogen
Kalafo ea pele e lekiloeng hangata ke moriana oa steroid, joalo ka prednisone. Haeba moriana oa steroid o sa ntlafatse boemo bona, ho ka nahanoa kalafo ka intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) kapa ho tlosoa ha spleen (splenectomy).
U ka fumana kalafo ho hatella sesole sa hau sa 'mele haeba u sa arabe li-steroid. Ho sebelisitsoe lithethefatsi tse kang azathioprine (Imuran), cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan), le rituximab (Rituxan).
Litšelo tsa mali li fanoa ka hloko, hobane mali a kanna a se lumellane mme a ka baka tšenyo e ngata ea lisele tse khubelu tsa mali.
Lefu lena le ka qala kapele mme la ba kotsi haholo, kapa le ka lula le le bobebe mme le sa hloke kalafo e khethehileng.
Ho batho ba bangata, li-steroids kapa splenectomy li ka laola phokolo ea mali ka botlalo kapa ka mokhoa o itseng.
Phokolo ea mali e matla ke ka seoelo e lebisang lefung. Tšoaetso e matla e ka hlaha e le bothata ba kalafo ka li-steroid, meriana e meng e hatellang sesole sa 'mele, kapa splenectomy. Litlhare tsena li senya matla a mmele a ho loants'a ts'oaetso.
Bitsa mofani oa hao oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo haeba u na le mokhathala o sa hlaloseheng kapa bohloko ba sefuba, kapa matšoao a tšoaetso.
Ho hlahloba li-antibodies maling a fanoeng le ho moamoheli ho ka thibela phokolo ea mali ea hemolytic e amanang le litšelo tsa mali.
Khaello ea mali - hemolytic immune; Ho iketsetsa mali ha hemolytic anemia (AIHA)
- Masole a mmele
Michel M. Autoimmune le li-intravascular hemolytic anemias. Ka: Goldman L, Schafer AI, li-eds. Phekolo ea Goldman-Cecil. La 26th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: khaolo ea 151.
Michel M, Jäger U. Ho ipolaea ha hemolytic anemia. Ka: Hoffman R, Benz EJ, Silberstein LE, et al, eds. Hematology: Melao-motheo le Tloaelo ea Motheo. La 7th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: khaolo ea 46.