Hypoparathyroidism

Hypoparathyroidism ke boloetse boo litšoelesa tsa parathyroid tse molaleng li sa hlahiseng hormone e lekaneng ea parathyroid (PTH).

Ho na le litšoelesa tse 4 tse nyane tsa parathyroid molaleng, tse haufi kapa tse tlameletsoeng ka morao lehlakoreng la qoqotho.

Litšoelesa tsa parathyroid li thusa ho laola ts'ebeliso ea khalsiamo le ho tlosoa ke 'mele. Ba etsa sena ka ho hlahisa hormone ea parathyroid (PTH). PTH e thusa ho laola maemo a calcium, phosphorus le vithamine D maling le masapong.

Hypoparathyroidism e etsahala ha litšoelesa li hlahisa PTH e nyane haholo. Tekanyo ea calcium ea mali e oa, 'me phosphorus ea phahama.

Lebaka le tloaelehileng ka ho fetisisa la hypoparathyroidism ke ho lemala ha litšoelesa tsa parathyroid nakong ea ho buuoa ke qoqotho kapa molala. E kanna ea bakoa ke eng kapa eng ea tse latelang:

• Ho itšireletsa mafung ka mokhoa o itekanetseng oa litšoelesa tsa parathyroid (tse tloaelehileng)
• Boemo bo tlase haholo ba magnesium maling (bo ka khutlisoang)
• Kalafo ea iodine ea radioactive bakeng sa hyperthyroidism (e sa tloaelehang haholo)

Lefu la DiGeorge ke lefu leo ​​ho lona hypoparathyroidism e hlahang hobane litšoelesa tsohle tsa parathyroid li haelloa ke tsoalo. Lefu lena le kenyelletsa mathata a mang a bophelo ntle le hypoparathyroidism. Hangata e fumanoa bongoaneng.

Tloaelo ea hypoparathyroidism e etsahala le mafu a mang a endocrine joalo ka ho hloka matla ha adrenal ho lefu le bitsoang mofuta oa I polyglandular autoimmune syndrome (PGA I).

Ho qala ha lefu lena ho butle butle mme matšoao a ka ba bobebe. Batho ba bangata ba fumanoeng ba e-na le hypoparathyroidism ba bile le matšoao a lilemo pele ba fumanoa. Matšoao a kanna a ba bobebe hoo ts'oaetso e etsoang kamora tlhahlobo ea mali e hlahlobang e bontšang calcium e tlase.

Matšoao a ka kenyelletsa efe kapa efe ea tse latelang:

• Melomo e menoana, menoana le menoana ea maoto (e tloaelehileng haholo)
• Maqhubu a mesifa (a atileng haholo)
• Ho phatloha ha mesifa ho bitsoang tetany (ho ka ama larynx, ho baka mathata a ho hema)
• Bohloko ba mpeng
• Pina e sa tloaelehang ea pelo
• Manala a robehileng
• Likotsi
• Calcium e kenya lisele tse ling
• Ho fokotseha ha tsebo
• Moriri o omileng
• Letlalo le omeletseng, le letlalo
• Bohloko sefahlehong, maotong le maotong
• Ho ilela khoeli ho bohloko
• Ho oa
• Meno a sa hotseng ka nako, kapa ho hang
• Enamel ea meno e fokolisitsoeng (ho bana)

Mofani oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo o tla etsa tlhahlobo ea 'mele mme a botse ka matšoao.

Liteko tse tla etsoa li kenyelletsa:

• Teko ea mali ea PTH
• Teko ea mali ea calcium
• Magnesiamo
• Teko ea moroto oa lihora tse 24

Liteko tse ling tse ka laeloang li kenyelletsa:

• ECG ho lekola morethetho o sa tloaelehang oa pelo
• CT scan ho lekola li-depositi tsa calcium bokong

Morero oa kalafo ke ho fokotsa matšoao le ho khutlisa calcium le diminerale 'meleng.

Kalafo e kenyelletsa calcium carbonate le li-supplement tsa vithamine D. Hangata tsena li tlameha ho nkuoa bophelo bohle. Litekanyo tsa mali li lekanyetsoa khafetsa ho netefatsa hore lethal dose e nepahetse. Ho khothalletsoa lijo tse nang le khalsiamo e phahameng le e tlaase.

Liente tsa PTH li ka buelloa ho batho ba bang. Ngaka ea hau e ka u joetsa hore na moriana ona o u loketse.

Batho ba nang le litlhaselo tse sokelang bophelo tsa maemo a tlase a khalsiamo kapa mesifa e telele ea mesifa ba fuoa calcium ka methapo (IV). Ho nkuoa mehato ea ho thibela ho oela kapa ho hlaseloa ke larynx. Pelo e behiloe leihlo bakeng sa morethetho o sa tloaelehang ho fihlela motho a tsitsitse. Ha tlhaselo e sokelang bophelo e laoloa, kalafo e ntse e tsoela pele ka meriana e nooang ka molomo.

Sephetho se kanna sa ba hantle haeba tlhahlobo e entsoe kapele. Empa liphetoho tsa meno, lera la mahlo, le lipalo tsa boko li ke ke tsa khutlisoa ho bana ba sa fumaneng hypoparathyroidism nakong ea kholo.

Hypoparathyroidism ho bana e ka lebisa ho kholo e fokolang, meno a sa tloaelehang le kholo ea kelello e liehang.

Kalafo e ngata haholo ka vithamine D le calcium e ka baka calcium e phahameng ea mali (hypercalcemia) kapa calcium e phahameng ea urine (hypercalciuria). Phekolo e feteletseng ka linako tse ling e ka sitisa tšebetso ea liphio, kapa ea baka ho hloleha ha liphio.

Hypoparathyroidism e eketsa menyetla ea ho:

• Addison lefu (ha feela sesosa se iketsahalla)
• Likotsi
• Lefu la Parkinson
• Phokolo ea mali e matla (ha feela sesosa se iketsahalla)

Bitsa mofani oa hau haeba u ba le matšoao a hypoparathyroidism.

Mathata a ho akheha kapa ho hema ke a tšohanyetso. Letsetsa 911 kapa nomoro ea lehae ea tšohanyetso hang hang.

Hypocalcemia e amanang le parathyroid

• Litšoelesa tsa endocrine
• Litšoelesa tsa Parathyroid

Clarke BL, Brown EM, Collins MT, le al. Epidemiology le tlhahlobo ea hypoparathyroidism. J Kliniki ea Endocrinol Metab. 2016; 101 (6): 2284-2299. PMID: 26943720 e fetotsoe.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26943720/.

Reid LM, Kamani D, Randolph GW. Tsamaiso ea mathata a parathyroid. Ka: Flint PW, Francis HW, Haughey BH, et al, eds. Cummings Otolaryngolog: Ho Buoa Hlooho le Nko. La 7th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021: khaolo ea 123.

Thakker RV.Litšoelesa tsa parathyroid, hypercalcemia le hypocalcemia. Ka: Goldman L, Schafer AI, li-eds. Phekolo ea Goldman-Cecil. La 26th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: khaolo ea 232.