Ho ipolaisa tlala

Anorexia ke bothata ba ho ja bo etsang hore batho ba theole boima ba 'mele ho feta kamoo ho nkoang bo phetse hantle bakeng sa lilemo tsa bona le bophahamo.

Batho ba nang le bothata bona ba ka ba le tšabo e matla ea ho nona, leha ba le boima ba 'mele. Ba ka ja kapa ba ikoetlisa haholo kapa ba sebelisa mekhoa e meng ea ho theola boima ba 'mele.

Ha ho tsejoe hantle lisosa tsa anorexia. Ho ka 'na ha ameha lintho tse ngata. Liphatsa tsa lefutso le lihormone li ka bapala karolo. Maikutlo a sechaba a khothalletsang mefuta e mosesaane ea 'mele le ona a ka ameha.

Lisosa tse kotsi tsa anorexia li kenyelletsa:

• Ho tšoenyeha haholo ka, kapa ho ela hloko, boima le sebopeho
• Ho ba le lefu la ho tšoenyeha ha u sa le ngoana
• Ho ba le setšoantšo se fosahetseng ka uena
• Ho ba le mathata a ho ja nakong ea bongoana kapa bongoaneng
• Ho ba le mehopolo e itseng ea sechaba kapa setso ka bophelo bo botle le botle
• Ho leka ho phethahala kapa ho tsepamisa maikutlo ho tlola melao

Anorexia hangata e qala nakong ea lilemo tsa bocha kapa tsa bocha kapa bocha. E atile haholo ho tse tshehadi, empa e ka nna ya bonahala le ho tse tona.

Motho ea nang le anorexia hangata:

• O na le tšabo e matla ea ho nona kapa ho nona, leha a le tlase.
• E hana ho boloka boima ba 'mele ho se nkoang se tloaelehile bakeng sa lilemo tsa bona le bophahamo (15% kapa ho feta ka tlase ho boima bo tloaelehileng).
• O na le sets'oants'o sa 'mele se sothehileng haholo, o shebile haholo boima ba' mele kapa sebopeho, mme o hana ho amohela kotsi ea ho theola boima ba 'mele.

Batho ba nang le anorexia ba ka fokotsa haholo lijo tseo ba li jang. Kapa ba a ja ebe ba iketsa ba hohelang. Boitšoaro bo bong bo kenyelletsa:

• Ho seha lijo likotoana kapa ho li tsamaisa poleiting ho fapana le ho ja
• Ho ikoetlisa ka linako tsohle, leha boemo ba leholimo bo le bobe, ba utloile bohloko, kapa kemiso ea bona e ntse e sebetsa
• Ho ea ka kamoreng ea ho hlapela hang ka mor'a lijo
• Ho hana ho ja pela batho ba bang
• Ho sebelisa lipilisi ho iketsetsa metsi (lipilisi tsa metsi, kapa diuretics), ho ba le mantle (li-enemas le laxatives), kapa ho fokotsa takatso ea bona ea lijo (lipilisi tsa phepo)

Matšoao a mang a anorexia a kenyeletsa:

• Letlalo le bosootho kapa lesehla le ommeng le koaetsoeng ke moriri o motle
• Ho ferekana kapa ho lieha ho nahana, hammoho le mohopolo o fosahetseng kapa kahlolo e fosahetseng
• Ho tepella maikutlo
• Molomo o omileng
• Ho utloahala ho bata haholo (ho roala liaparo tse 'maloa ho lula u futhumetse)
• Ho otlolla masapo (lefu la ho fokola ha masapo)
• Ho fela hoa mesifa le tahlehelo ea mafura a 'mele

Liteko li lokela ho etsoa ho thusa ho fumana sesosa sa tahlehelo ea boima ba 'mele, kapa ho bona hore na tahlehelo ea boima ba' mele e bakile tšenyo e kae. Tse ngata tsa liteko tsena li tla phetoa nako le nako ho lekola motho.

Liteko tsena li ka kenyelletsa:

• Albumin
• Teko ea masapo a masapo ho lekola masapo a masesaane (osteoporosis)
• CBC
• Electrocardiogram (ECG)
• Li-electrolyte
• Liteko tsa ts'ebetso ea liphio
• Liteko tsa ts'ebetso ea sebete
• Kakaretso ea protheine
• Liteko tsa mosebetsi oa qoqotho
• Ho hlahloba urinal

Phephetso e kholo ho phekoleng anorexia nervosa ke ho thusa motho ho hlokomela hore o na le bokuli. Batho ba bangata ba nang le anorexia ba hana hore ba na le bothata ba ho ja. Hangata ba batla kalafo ha feela boemo ba bona bo le bobe.

Lipheo tsa kalafo ke ho khutlisa boima ba 'mele bo tloaelehileng le litloaelo tsa ho ja. Boima ba boima ba lik'hilograma tse 1 ho isa ho tse 3 kapa 0,5 ho isa ho 1.5 kilograms ka beke ho nkuoa e le sepheo se bolokehileng.

Mananeo a fapaneng a etselitsoe ho phekola anorexia. Tsena li ka kenyelletsa efe kapa efe ea mehato e latelang:

• Ho eketsa mesebetsi ea sechaba
• Ho fokotsa palo ea ho ikoetlisa
• Ho sebelisa linako tsa ho ja

Ho qala, ho ka buelloa ho lula sepetlele halelele. Sena se lateloa ke lenaneo la kalafo ea letsatsi.

Ho ka lula nako e telele sepetlele haeba:

• Motho o theotse boima ba 'mele haholo (bo ka tlase ho 70% ea boima ba' mele bo loketseng lilemo tsa hae le bophahamo). Bakeng sa khaello ea phepo e matla e behang bophelo kotsing, motho a ka hloka ho fepeloa ka mothapo kapa mothapo oa mpa.
• Ho fokotsa boima ba 'mele ho ntse ho tsoela pele, esita le kalafo.
• Mathata a bongaka, joalo ka mathata a pelo, pherekano, kapa maemo a tlase a potasiamo aa hlaha.
• Motho o na le khatello ea maikutlo e matla kapa o nahana ho ipolaea.

Bafani ba tlhokomelo ba atisang ho kenella mananeong ana ba kenyelletsa:

• Basebetsi ba baoki
• Lingaka
• Bathusi ba ngaka
• Lingaka tsa lijo
• Bafani ba tlhokomelo ea bophelo ba kelello

Kalafo hangata e ba thata haholo. Batho le malapa a bona ba tlameha ho sebetsa ka thata. Mefuta e mengata ea kalafo e ka lekoa ho fihlela bothata bo laoloa.

Batho ba ka tlohela mananeo haeba ba na le tšepo e sa utloahaleng ea ho "phekoloa" ka kalafo feela.

Mefuta e fapaneng ea kalafo ea puo e sebelisoa ho phekola batho ba nang le anorexia:

• Phekolo ea boits'oaro ba kelello (mofuta oa kalafo ea puo), kalafo ea sehlopha le kalafo ea malapa kaofela li atlehile.
• Morero oa kalafo ke ho fetola menahano kapa boitšoaro ba motho ho ba khothaletsa ho ja ka tsela e phetseng hantle. Mofuta ona oa kalafo o thusa haholo ho phekola bacha ba seng ba se na anorexia ka nako e telele.
• Haeba motho a le monyane, kalafo e ka kenyelletsa lelapa lohle. Lelapa le nkuoa e le karolo ea tharollo, ho fapana le sesosa sa bothata ba ho ja.
• Lihlopha tsa ts'ehetso le tsona e ka ba karolo ea kalafo. Lihlopheng tsa tšehetso, bakuli le malapa ba kopana le ho arolelana seo ba fetileng ho sona.

Meriana e kang ho imeloa kelellong, li-antipsychotic, le li-stabilizers tsa maikutlo li ka thusa batho ba bang ha ba fuoa karolo ea lenaneo le felletseng la kalafo. Meriana ena e ka thusa ho phekola khatello ea maikutlo kapa matšoenyeho. Le ha meriana e ka thusa, ha ho le o mong o netefalitsoeng o fokotsang takatso ea ho theola boima ba 'mele.

Matšoenyeho a bokuli a ka fokotsoa ka ho kenela sehlopha sa ts'ehetso. Ho arolelana le ba bang ba nang le liphihlelo tse tšoanang le mathata ho ka u thusa hore u se ke ua ikutloa u le mong.

Anorexia ke boemo bo tebileng bo ka behang bophelo kotsing. Mananeo a kalafo a ka thusa batho ba nang le boemo bona ho khutlela boima bo tloaelehileng. Empa ho tloaelehile hore lefu lena le khutle.

Basali ba bang le bothata bona ba ho ja ba sa le banyenyane ba na le monyetla o motle oa ho fola ka botlalo. Batho ba bangata ba nang le anorexia ba tla tsoelapele ho khetha boima ba 'mele bo tlase mme ba shebane haholo le lijo le likhalori.

Ho laola boima ba 'mele ho ka ba thata. Kalafo ea nako e telele e ka hlokahala ho lula boima bo phetseng hantle.

Ho ipolaisa tlala ho ka ba kotsi. E ka lebisa mathateng a tebileng a bophelo kamora nako, ho kenyelletsa:

• Lesapo lea fokola
• Ho fokotseha ha lisele tse tšoeu tsa mali, ho lebisang kotsing e kholo ea tšoaetso
• Tekanyo e tlase ea potasiamo maling, e ka bakang morethetho oa pelo o kotsi
• Khaello e matla ea metsi le maro 'meleng (ho felloa ke metsi' meleng)
• Ho hloka liprotheine, livithamini, liminerale le limatlafatsi tse ling tsa bohlokoa 'meleng (khaello ea phepo e nepahetseng)
• Ho oa ka lebaka la ho lahleheloa ke mokelikeli kapa sodium ho tsoa letšollong kapa ho hlatseng khafetsa
• Mathata a tšoelesa ea qoqotho
• Ho bola ha meno

Bua le mofani oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo haeba motho eo u mo tsotellang e le:

• E tsepamisitse maikutlo haholo ho boima
• Ho ikoetlisa hofeta tekanyo
• Ho lekanyetsa lijo tseo a li jang
• Ke tlase haholo

Ho fumana thuso ea bongaka hang-hang ho ka fokotsa bothata ba ho ja haholo.

Bothata ba ho ja - anorexia nervosa

• myPlate

Webosaete ea American Psychiatric Association. Mathata a ho fepa le ho ja. Ka: Mokhatlo oa American Psychiatric. Buka ea Tlhatlhobo le Lipalopalo tsa Mathata a Kelello. La 5th. Arlington, VA: Khatiso ea Psychiatric ea Amerika. 2013; 329-345.

Kreipe RE, Lefuba la Starr. Mathata a ho ja. Ka: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, bahlophisi. Buka ea Nelson ea Pediatrics. La 21 Ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: khaolo ea 41.

Notlela J, La Via MC; Komiti ea American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (AACAP) ea Litaba tsa Boleng (CQI). Itloaetse ho etsa tlhahlobo le kalafo ea bana le bacha ba nang le mathata a ho ja. J Am Acad Ngoana ea lilemong tsa bocha ba kelello. 2015; 54 (5): 412-425. PMID 25901778 e fetotsoe.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25901778/.

Tanofsky-Kraff M. Mathata a ho ja. Ka: Goldman L, Schafer AI, li-eds. Phekolo ea Goldman-Cecil. La 26th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: khaolo ea 206.

Thomas JJ, Mickley DW, Derenne JL, Klibanski A, Murray HB, Eddy KT. Mathata a ho ja: tekolo le tsamaiso. Ka: Stern TA, Fava M, Wilens TE, Rosenbaum JF, bahlophisi. Sepetlele sa Massachusetts General Comprehensive Clinical Psychiatry. Lekhetlo la bobeli. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: khaolo ea 37.