Pheriferale mothapo lefu - maoto
Pheripheral artery disease (PAD) ke boemo ba methapo ea mali e fanang ka maoto le maoto. E hlaha ka lebaka la ho fokola ha methapo maotong. Sena se baka phallo ea mali e fokotsehileng, e ka lematsang methapo le lisele tse ling.
PAD e bakoa ke atherosclerosis. Bothata bona bo ba teng ha lintho tse nang le mafura (plaque) li bokellana maboteng a methapo ea hau 'me li etsa hore li fokotsehe. Marako a methapo le 'ona aa tiea' me ha a khone ho pharalla (ho atoloha) ho lumella phallo e kholo ea mali ha ho hlokahala.
Ka lebaka leo, mesifa ea maoto a hau e sitoa ho fumana mali le oksijene tse lekaneng ha li sebetsa ka thata (joalo ka nakong ea boikoetliso kapa ho tsamaea). Haeba PAD e ba matla, ho kanna ha ba le mali le oksijene tse lekaneng, leha mesifa e phomotse.
PAD ke lefu le tloaelehileng. Hangata e ama banna ba fetang lilemo tse 50, empa basali le bona ba ka ba le eona. Batho ba kotsing e kholo haeba ba na le nalane ea:
- Cholesterol e sa tloaelehang
- Lefu la tsoekere
- Lefu la pelo (lefu la methapo ea mali)
- Khatello ea mali e phahameng (hypertension)
- Lefu la liphio le amanang le hemodialysis
- Ho tsuba
- Leqeba (lefu la cerebrovascular)
Matšoao a mantlha a PAD ke bohloko, mokhathala, mokhathala, ho chesa kapa ho se utloise bohloko mesifa ea maoto, manamane kapa lirope. Matšoao ana a hlaha hangata nakong ea ho tsamaea kapa ho ikoetlisa, 'me a tloha kamora ho phomola metsotso e' maloa.
- Qalong, matšoao ana a ka hlaha ha feela u hloa thaba, u tsamaea kapele, kapa u tsamaea libaka tse telele.
- Butle-butle, matšoao ana a hlaha kapele haholo 'me ka boikoetliso bo fokolang.
- Maoto kapa maoto a hao a ka utloa a felloa ke matla ha u phomotse. Maoto le ona a ka utloahala a pholile ha a ts'oaroa, 'me letlalo le ka shebahala le le lerootho.
Ha PAD e ba matla, o kanna oa ba le:
- Ho hloka matla
- Bohloko le bohloko ba sefuba bosiu
- Bohloko kapa ho hlohlona maotong kapa menoaneng ea maoto, e leng ntho e ka bang boima hoo le boima ba liphahlo kapa masela a ho robala bo utloisang bohloko
- Bohloko bo mpefalang ha o phahamisa maoto, mme o a ntlafala ha o leketlisa maoto a hau lehlakoreng la bethe
- Letlalo le shebahalang le le lefifi ebile le putsoa
- Liso tse sa foleng
Nakong ea tlhahlobo, mofani oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo a ka fumana:
- Molumo o lerata ha stethoscope e ts'oeroe ka holim'a mothapo (arterial bruits)
- Ho fokotsa khatello ea mali leotong le amehileng
- Makhopho a fokolang kapa a sieo leotong
Ha PAD e le matla haholo, liphetho li ka kenyelletsa:
- Matšoao a namane a fokotsehang (a pona kapa a felloa ke matla)
- Moriri o fetang maotong, maotong le menoaneng
- Lisosa tse bohloko, tse sa tsoeng mali maotong kapa menoaneng (hangata e ntšo) tse liehang ho fola
- Boreleli ba letlalo kapa 'mala o moputsoa menoaneng kapa leotong (cyanosis)
- Letlalo le benyang, le tiileng
- Manala a boima a menoana
Liteko tsa mali li ka bonts'a cholesterol e phahameng kapa lefu la tsoekere.
Liteko tsa PAD li kenyelletsa:
- Angiography ea maoto
- Khatello ea mali e lekantsoe matsohong le maotong bakeng sa papiso (ankle / brachial index, kapa ABI)
- Tlhahlobo ea Doppler ultrasound ea pheletsong
- Magnetic resonance angiography kapa CT angiography
Lintho tseo u ka li etsang ho laola PAD li kenyelletsa:
- Ho leka-lekanya boikoetliso le phomolo. Tsamaea kapa u etse ketso e 'ngoe ho ea fihla bohlokong' me u e fetole ka linako tsa phomolo. Ha nako e ntse e ea, potoloho ea hau ea mali e ka ntlafala ha methapo e mecha ea mali e hlaha. Kamehla bua le mofani oa litšebeletso pele u qala lenaneo la boikoetliso.
- Khaotsa ho tsuba. Ho tsuba ho fokotsa methapo, ho fokotsa matla a mali a ho tsamaisa oksijene, mme ho eketsa kotsi ea ho etsa maqeba (thrombi le emboli).
- Hlokomela maoto, haholo haeba o na le lefu la tsoekere. Apara lieta tse u lekanang hantle. Ela hloko ho khaola, likhahla kapa likotsi, 'me u bone mofani oa hau hang-hang. Lisele li fola butle 'me li na le monyetla oa ho tšoaetsoa ha phallo ea mali e fokotseha.
- Etsa bonnete ba hore khatello ea mali e laoloa hantle.
- Haeba o nonne haholo, fokotsa boima ba hao.
- Haeba k’holeseterole ea hao e phahame, ja lijo tse nang le k’holeseterole e tlaase le tse se nang mafura a mangata.
- Lekola boemo ba tsoekere maling haeba u na le lefu la tsoekere, 'me u le boloke.
Ho ka hlokahala meriana ho laola lefu lena, ho kenyelletsa:
- Aspirin kapa moriana o bitsoang clopidogrel (Plavix), o bolokang mali a hau hore a se ke a etsa methapo methapong ea hau. U SE KE UA emisa ho noa meriana ena u sa bua le mofani oa hau pele.
- Cilostazol, sethethefatsi se sebetsang ho holisa (methapo ea kutlo) e amehang kapa methapo ea methapo bakeng sa linyeoe tse itekanetseng le tse matla tseo e seng likhetho tsa ho buuoa.
- Meriana ea ho thusa ho theola k'holeseterole ea hau.
- Ho kokobetsa bohloko.
Haeba u noa meriana ea khatello e phahameng ea mali kapa lefu la tsoekere, e noe joalo ka ha mofani oa litšebeletso a laetse.
Ho ka etsoa opereishene haeba boemo bo le bobe 'me bo ama bokhoni ba hau ba ho sebetsa kapa ho etsa mesebetsi ea bohlokoa, o opeloa ha o phomotse, kapa o na le liso kapa liso leotong tse sa foleng. Khetho ke:
- Tsamaiso ea ho bula methapo ea mali e patisaneng kapa e koetsoeng e fanang ka mali maotong a hao
- Ho buoa ho nchafatsa phepelo ea mali ho potoloha mothapo o koetsoeng
Batho ba bang ba nang le PAD ba kanna ba hloka hore leoto le tlosoe (le khaoloe).
Maemo a mangata a PAD ea maoto a ka laoloa ntle le ho buuoa. Le ha ho buuoa ho fana ka phomolo e ntle ea matšoao maemong a boima, lits'ebetso tsa angioplasty le stenting li ntse li sebelisoa sebakeng sa ho buuoa khafetsa.
Mathata a ka kenyelletsa:
- Ho koala mali kapa emboli a thibelang methapo e menyenyane
- Boloetse ba methapo ea mali
- Ho hloka matla
- Liso tse bulehileng (lisosa tsa ischemic maotong a tlase)
- Lefu la dinama tse nyenyane (seso se kekang)
- Leoto kapa leoto le amehileng le kanna la hloka ho khaoloa
Bitsa mofani oa hau haeba u na le:
- Leoto kapa leoto le pholileng ha le thetsoa, le putswa, le putsoa kapa le shoele
- Ho opeloa sefubeng kapa ho hema hanyane ka bohloko ba leoto
- Bohloko ba leoto bo sa foleng, leha o sa tsamaee kapa o sa sisinyehe (bo bitsoang bohloko ba phomolo)
- Maoto a khubelu, a chesang kapa a ruruhileng
- Lisosa tse ncha / liso
- Matšoao a tšoaetso (feberu, bofubelu, ho kula ka kakaretso)
- Matšoao a arteriosclerosis ea lipheletsong
Ha ho na tlhahlobo ea tlhatlhobo e khothalletsoang ho khetholla PAD ho bakuli ba se nang matšoao.
Tse ling tsa likotsi tsa lefu la mothapo tseo u ka li fetolang ke:
- Ho se tsube. Haeba u tsuba, tlohela.
- Ho laola k'holeseterole ea hau ka lijo, boikoetliso le meriana.
- Ho laola khatello e phahameng ea mali ka ho ja, ho ikoetlisa le meriana, ha ho hlokahala.
- Ho laola lefu la tsoekere ka ho ja, ho ikoetlisa le meriana, ha ho hlokahala.
- Ho ikoetlisa bonyane metsotso e 30 ka letsatsi.
- Ho boloka boima ba 'mele bo phetseng hantle ka ho ja lijo tse phetseng hantle, ho ja hanyane, le ho kenela lenaneo la ho theola boima ba' mele, haeba o hloka ho theola boima ba 'mele.
- Ho ithuta mekhoa e metle ea ho sebetsana le khatello ea maikutlo ka lihlopha tse khethehileng kapa mananeo, kapa lintho tse kang ho thuisa kapa yoga.
- Ho lekanyetsa hore na u noa joala bo bokae ho noa seno se le seng ka letsatsi bakeng sa basali le 2 ka letsatsi bakeng sa banna.
Pheriferale vascular lefu lena; PVD; PAD; Arteriosclerosis obliterans; Ho thijoa ha methapo ea leoto; Tlhaloso; Tlhaloso e sa khaotseng; Lefu le hlahelang la Vaso la maoto; Ho se lekane ha methapo ea maoto; Bohloko bo iphetang ba leoto le cramping; Bohloko ba namane ka boikoetliso
- Ho beoa ha angioplasty le stent - methapo ea methapo - ho tsoa
- Lithethefatsi tsa antiplatelet - P2Y12 inhibitors
- Cholesterol le mokhoa oa bophelo
- Ho hlalositsoe mafura a phepo
- Malebela a lijo tse potlakileng
- Ho khaoloa maoto - ho tsoa
- Mokhoa oa ho bala mangolo a lijo
- Ho khaoloa leoto - ho tsoa
- Ho khaoloa leoto kapa leoto - phetoho ea ho apara
- Lijo tsa Mediterranean
- Pheriferale mothapo feta - leoto - tjhajoloha
- Atherosclerosis ea lipheletsong
- Leoto le fetisang maoto - letoto
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