Tlhatlhobo ea pono

Litaba

• Ho lekola pono ke eng?
• E sebelisetsoa eng?
• Hobaneng ha ke hloka ho hlahlojoa pono?
• Ho etsahalang nakong ea ho lekola pono?
• Na ke tla hloka ho etsa eng kapa eng ho itokisetsa ho lekola pono?
• Na ho na le likotsi tsa ho hlahlojoa?
• Liphetho li bolelang?
• Na ho na le eng kapa eng eo ke hlokang ho e tseba ka ho lekola pono?
• Litšupiso

Ho lekola pono ke eng?

Ho hlahloba pono, hape ho bitsoang tlhahlobo ea mahlo, ke tlhahlobo e khuts'oane e batlang mathata a pono le mathata a mahlo. Ho hlahlojoa ha pono hangata ho etsoa ke bafani ba tlhokomelo ea mantlha e le karolo ea tlhahlobo e tloaelehileng ea ngoana. Ka linako tse ling bana ba sekolo ba fuoa litlhahlobo.

Ho shebella ponelopele ha ho tloaela hlahloba mathata a pono. Haeba bothata bo fumanoa ponong ea pono, mofani oa hau kapa oa ngoana oa hau o tla u fetisetsa ho setsebi sa tlhokomelo ea mahlo bakeng sa tlhahlobo le kalafo. Setsebi sena se tla etsa tlhahlobo e phethahetseng ea mahlo. Mathata le mathata a mangata a pono a ka phekoloa ka katleho ka lilense tsa ho lokisa, ho buuoa hanyane kapa ka mekhoa e meng ea kalafo.

Mabitso a mang: teko ea mahlo, teko ea pono

E sebelisetsoa eng?

Ho lekola pono hangata ho sebelisoa ho lekola mathata a pono a ka bang teng ho bana. Mathata a atileng haholo mahlong a bana a kenyelletsa:

• Amblyopia, e tsejoang hape e le leihlo le botsoa. Bana ba nang le amblyopia ba fifala kapa ba fokotsa pono ka leihlo le le leng.
• Strabismus, E tsejoang hape e le mahlo a sefapano. Bothateng bona, mahlo ha a eme hantle ebe a supa nqa tse fapaneng.

Mathata ana ka bobeli a ka phekoloa habonolo ha a fumanoa kapele.

Ho lekola pono ho boetse ho sebelisoa ho thusa ho fumana mathata a latelang a pono, a amang bana le batho ba baholo:

• Ho se bone haufi (myopia), boemo bo etsang hore lintho tse hole li shebahale li le lerootho
• Ponelopele (hyperopia), boemo bo etsang hore lintho tse haufi li shebahale li le lerootho
• Astigmatism, boemo bo etsang hore lintho tse haufi le tse hole li shebahale li le lerootho

Hobaneng ha ke hloka ho hlahlojoa pono?

Pono e tloaelehileng ho hlahloba ha e khothalletsoe bakeng sa batho ba baholo ba phetseng hantle. Empa batho ba baholo ba bangata ba khothaletsoa ho ba leihlo litlhahlobo ho tsoa ho setsebi sa tlhokomelo ea mahlo khafetsa. Haeba u na le lipotso mabapi le nako ea ho hlahlojoa mahlo, buisana le mofani oa tlhokomelo ea mantlha.

Bana ba lokela ho hlahlojoa khafetsa. American Academy of Ophthalmology le American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) li khothaletsa lenane le latelang la ho lekola pono:

• Bana ba sa tsoa tsoaloa. Masea ohle a macha a lokela ho hlahlojoa bakeng sa tšoaetso ea mahlo kapa mathata a mang.
• Likhoeli tse 6. Mahlo le pono li lokela ho hlahlojoa nakong ea ketelo e tloaelehileng ea masea.
• Lilemo tse 1-4. Mahlo le pono li lokela ho hlahlojoa nakong ea ketelo e tloaelehileng.
• Lilemo tse 5 le ho feta. Mahlo le pono li lokela ho hlahlojoa selemo se seng le se seng.

U kanna ua hloka hore ngoana oa hau a hlahlojoe haeba a e-na le matšoao a lefu la mahlo. Bakeng sa masea likhoeli tse tharo kapa ho feta, matšoao a kenyelletsa:

• Ho se khone ho shebana le mahlo ka mokhoa o tsitsitseng
• Mahlo a sa shebahaleng a hokahane hantle

Bakeng sa bana ba baholoanyane, matšoao a kenyelletsa:

• Mahlo a sa shebahaleng hantle a kolokile
• Ho qhekella
• Ho koala kapa ho koahela leihlo le le leng
• Ho ba le bothata ba ho bala le / kapa ho etsa mosebetsi o haufi
• Litletlebo tsa hore lintho li lerootho
• Ho panya ho feta tloaelo
• Mahlo a metsi
• Dintshi tsa droopy
• Bofubelu ka leihlo le le leng kapa ka bobeli
• Ho ba le kutlo ho khanya

Haeba u motho e moholo ea nang le mathata a pono kapa matšoao a mang a mahlo, mohlomong u tla isoa ho setsebi sa tlhokomelo ea mahlo bakeng sa tlhahlobo e felletseng ea mahlo.

Ho etsahalang nakong ea ho lekola pono?

Hona le mefuta e mengata ea liteko tsa tlhahlobo ea pono. Li kenyeletsa:

• Teko ea pono ea sebaka. Bana ba lilemong tsa sekolo le batho ba baholo hangata ba lekoa ka chate e leboteng. Chate e na le mela e 'maloa ea litlhaku. Litlhaku tse molaong o kaholimo ke tse kholo ka ho fetisisa. Litlhaku tse ka tlase ke tse nyane haholo. Uena kapa ngoana oa hau le tla ema kapa le lule maoto a 20 ho tloha chate. O tla kopuoa ho koahela leihlo le le leng ebe o bala litlhaku, mola o le mong ka nako. Leihlo ka leng le hlahlojoa ka thoko.
• Teko ea pono ea sebaka sa bana ba kenang sekolo. Bakeng sa bana ba banyenyane haholo hore ba ka bala, tlhahlobo ena e sebelisa chate e leboteng e ts'oanang le ea bana ba baholo le batho ba baholo. Empa sebakeng sa mela ea litlhaku tse fapaneng, e na le tlhaku E feela maemong a fapaneng. Ngoana oa hau o tla kopuoa ho supa tsela e ts'oanang le ea E. Tse ling tsa lichate tsena li sebelisa tlhaku C, kapa sebelisa litšoantšo.
• Teko ea pono e haufi. Bakeng sa tlhahlobo ena, uena kapa ngoana oa hau le tla fuoa karete e nyane e nang le sengoloa se ngotsoeng. Melao ea mongolo e ea fokotseha ha o ntse o ea tlase kareteng. Uena kapa ngoana oa hau le tla kopuoa ho tšoara karete e ka bang li-inchi tse 14 hole le sefahleho, 'me le bale holimo. Mahlo ka bobeli a lekoa ka nako e le 'ngoe. Teko ena hangata e fuoa batho ba baholo ba fetang lilemo tse 40, kaha pono e haufi e lula e mpefala ha o ntse o tsofala.
• Bofofu ba mmala teko. Bana ba fuoa karete e nang le linomoro tse mebala kapa matšoao a patiloeng mokokotlong oa matheba a mebala-bala. Haeba ba khona ho bala lipalo kapa matšoao, ho bolela hore mohlomong ha ba foufetse.

Haeba lesea la hao le ntse le hlahlojoa pono, mofani oa hau o tla hlahloba:

• Bokhoni ba ngoana oa hau ba ho latela ntho, joalo ka ntho ea ho bapala, ka mahlo a hae
• Barutoana ba hae (karolo e ntšo e bohareng ba leihlo) ba arabela joang leboneng le khanyang
• Ho bona hore na lesea la hau lea panya ha leseli le khanya ka leihlong

Na ke tla hloka ho etsa eng kapa eng ho itokisetsa ho lekola pono?

Haeba uena kapa ngoana oa hau u roala likhalase kapa lilense tsa puisano, li tle le tsona tlhahlobisong. Mofani oa hau a ka batla ho hlahloba lengolo la ngaka.

Na ho na le likotsi tsa ho hlahlojoa?

Ha ho na kotsi ea ho lekola pono.

Liphetho li bolelang?

Haeba tlhahlobo ea hau ea pono e bontša bothata bo ka bang teng ba pono kapa lefu la mahlo, o tla fetisetsoa ho setsebi sa tlhokomelo ea mahlo bakeng sa tlhahlobo le kalafo ea mahlo e phethahetseng. Mathata a mangata a pono le mathata a mahlo a ka phekoloa habonolo, haholo haeba a fumanoa kapele.

Na ho na le eng kapa eng eo ke hlokang ho e tseba ka ho lekola pono?

Hona le mefuta e fapaneng ea litsebi tsa tlhokomelo ea mahlo. Mefuta e tloaelehileng haholo e kenyelletsa:

• Ngaka ea mahlo: Ngaka e sebetsanang le bophelo bo botle ba mahlo le ho alafa le ho thibela mafu a mahlo. Lingaka tsa mahlo li fana ka litlhahlobo tse felletseng tsa mahlo, li fana ka lilense tsa ho lokisa, li hlahloba le ho phekola mafu a mahlo, hape li etsa opereishene ea mahlo.
• Ngaka ea mahlo: Ngaka e koetlisitsoeng e sebetsanang le mathata a pono le mathata a leihlo. Lingaka tsa mahlo li fana ka lits'ebeletso tse ngata tse tšoanang le tsa lingaka tsa mahlo, ho kenyelletsa ho etsa liteko tsa mahlo, ho beha lilense tsa tokiso le ho phekola mathata a mahlo. Bakeng sa mathata a mahlo a rarahaneng kapa ho buuoa, o tla hloka ho bona ngaka ea mahlo.
• Ngaka ea mahlo: Setsebi se koetlisitsoeng se tlatsang lipehelo tsa lilense tsa tokiso. Lingaka tsa mahlo li lokisa, li kopanya le ho lekana likhalase tsa mahlo. Lingaka tse ngata tsa mahlo le tsona li fana ka lilense tsa puisano.

Litšupiso

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2. American Academy of Ophthalmology [Inthanete]. San Francisco: American Academy of Ophthalmology; c2018. Ngaka ea mahlo ke eng ?; 2013 Nov 3 [e qotsitsoeng 2018 Oct 5]; [li-skrini tse ka bang 3]. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: https://www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/what-is-ophthalmologist
3. Mokhatlo oa Amerika oa Pediatric Ophthalmology le Strabismus [Marang-rang]. San Francisco: AAPOS; c2018. Amblyopia [e ntlafalitsoeng 2017 Mar; e qotsitsoeng 2018 Oct 5]; [li-skrini tse ka bang 5]. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: https://www.aapos.org/terms/conditions/21
4. Mokhatlo oa Amerika oa Pediatric Ophthalmology le Strabismus [Marang-rang]. San Francisco: AAPOS; c2018. Strabismus [e ntlafalitsoeng 2018 Feb 12; e qotsitsoeng 2018 Oct 5]; [li-skrini tse ka bang 5]. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: https://www.aapos.org/terms/conditions/100
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Tlhahisoleseling e fumanehang sebakeng sena sa marang-rang ha ea lokela ho sebelisoa ho nka sebaka sa tlhokomelo ea bongaka le likeletso. Ikopanye le mofani oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo haeba u na le lipotso ka bophelo ba hau.